The Histories

by Herodotus; Rawlinson, George; Thomas, Rosalind

• ISBN13: 9780375400612
• ISBN10: 0375400613
• Edition: Reprint
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1997-03-25
• Publisher: Everyman's Library

Summary

"The father of history," as Cicero called him, and a writer possessed of remarkable narrative gifts, enormous scope, and considerable charm, Herodotus has always been beloved by readers well-versed in the classics. Compelled by his desire to "prevent the traces of human events from being erased by time," Herotodus recounts the incidents preceding and following the Persian Wars. He gives us much more than military history, though, providing the fullest portrait of the classical world of the 5th and 6th centuries. This readable new translation is supplemented with expansive notes to help the reader appreciate the book in depth.

Author Biography

Herodotus was a Greek historian who was born in Halicarnassus, in Asia Minor, in the fifth century B.C. Called the Father of History, he wrote the first comprehensive attempt at secular narrative history, long considered the starting point of Western historical writing. The focus of his Histories is the Persian Wars, but he includes fascinating digressions on the histories of Bablyon, Egypt, and Thrace, as well as studies of the pyramids and various historical events. He was the first writer to evaluate historical, geographical, and archaeological material critically.

Table of Contents

Introduction	xxi	(15)
A Note on the Translation	xxxvi	(2)
Select Bibliography	xxxviii
Chronology	xl
THE FIRST BOOK, ENTITLED CLIO	5
Causes of the war between Greece and Persia
1. Mythic	ch. 1-5
2. Historic - Aggressions of Crocsus - Previous Lydian History	6-25
Conquests of Croesus	26-28
Visit of Solon to the court of Croesus	29-33
Story of Adrastus and Atys	34-45
Preparations of Croesus against Cyrus - Consultation of the oracles	46-55
Croesus seeks a Greek alliance - Hellenes and Pelasgi	56-58
State of Athens under Pisistratus	59-64
Early History of Sparta	65-68
Alliance of Crocsus with Sparta	69-70
Croesus warned	71
Croesus invades Cappadocia - his war with Cyrus	72-85
Danger and deliverance of Crocsus	86, 87
His advice to Cyrus	88, 89
His message to the Delphic oracle	90, 91
His offerings	92
Wonders of Lydia	93
Manners and customs of the Lydians	94
History of Cyrus - Old Assyrian Empire - Revolt of Media	95
Early Median History	96-107
Birth and bringing-up of Cyrus	108-122
Incitements to revolt	123, 124
He sounds the feelings of the Persians - their Ten Tribes	125, 126
Revolt and struggle	127-130
Customs of the Persians	131-140
Cyrus threatens the Ionian Greeks	141
Account of the Greek settlements in Asia	142-151
Sparta interferes to protect the Greeks	152
Sardis revolts and is reduced	153-157
Fate of Pactyas	158-160
Reduction of the Asiatic Greeks	161-170
The Carians, Caunians, and Lycians attacked - their customs - they submit to the Persians	171-176
Conquests of Cyrus in Upper Asia	177
Description of Babylon	178-187
Cyrus marches on Babylon	188-190
Fall of Babylon	191
Description of Babylonia	192, 193
Customs of the Babylonians	194-200
Expedition of Cyrus against the Messagetac	201
The River Araxes	202
The Caspian	203, 204
Tomyris - her offer to Cyrus	205, 206
Advice given by Crocsus, adopted by Cyrus	207, 208
Dream of Cyrus	209-210
Two battles with the Massagetae - Defeat and death of Cyrus	211-214
Manners and customs of the Massagetac	215
THE SECOND BOOK, ENTITLED EUTERPE	118
Accession of Cambyses - he invades Egypt
(I). Description of Egypt - Antiquity
(2). Seats of learning
(3). Inventions, etc.
(4). Description of the country	5-13
Agriculture	14
Boundaries	15-18
The Nile - Causes of the inundation	19-27
Sources	28
The Upper Nile	29-31
The interior of Libya	32
Comparison of the Nile and Ister	33, 34
Customs of the Egyptians - their strangeness	35, 36
Religious customs	37-48
Connection of the religions of Egypt and Greece	49-57
Egyptian Festivals	58-64
Sacred animals	65-67
The Crocodile	68-70
The Hippopotamus	71
Otters, fish, etc.	72
The Phocnix	73
Sacred and winged serpents	74, 75
The Ibis	76
Daily life of the Egyptians	77-80
Dress	81
Divination	82
Oracles	83
Practice of Medicine	84
Funerals	85-90
Worship of Perseus	91
Customs of the marshmen	92-95
Egyptian boats	96
Routes in the flood-time	97
Anthylla and Archandropolis	98
History of Egypt - Men	99
His successors - Nitocris - Moeris	100, 101
Sesostris - his expeditions - his works in Egypt	102-110
His son, Pheron	111
Proteus - story of Helen	112-120
Rhampsinitus	122
Doctrine of metempsychosis	123
Cheops - his pyramid	124-126
Chephren	127, 128
Mycerinus	129-133
His pyramid - history of Rhodopis	134, 135
Asychis	136
Anysis - Sabaco	137-140
Sethos - invasion of Sennacherib	141
Number of the kings	142, 143
Greek and Egyptian notions of the age of the gods	144-146
The Dodecarchy	147-152
Psammetichus	154-157
Neco, his son	158, 159
Psammis, son of Neco	160
Apries, son of Psammis - his deposition	161-169
Tomb of Osiris	170
Egyptian mysteries	171
Reign of Amasis	172-177
His favour to the Greeks	178-182
THE THIRD BOOK, ENTITLED THALIA	223
Causes of quarrel between Persia and Egypt - Nitetis story	1-3
Aid lent by Phanes	4
Passage of the Desert	5-9
Invasion of Egypt - Psammenitus king	10
Murder of the children of Phanes - Battle of Pelusium	11
Egyptian and Persian skulls	12
Siege and capture of Memphis - submission of the Libyans and Cyrenaeans	13
Treatment of Psammenitus	14, 15
Treatment of the body of Amasis	16
Expeditions planned by Cambyses	17, 18
Phocnicians refuse to attack Carthage	19
Embassy to the Ethiopians	20-24
Expedition fails	25
Failure of the expedition against Ammon	26
Severities of Cambyses towards the Egyptians	27-29
His outrageous conduct towards the Persians	30-35
His treatment of Crocsus	36
His madness	37, 38
History of Polycrates - his connection with Amasis	39-43
He sends ships to assist Cambyses	44
Revolt of the crews - Samos attacked	45
Aid sought from Sparta and Corinth	46, 47
Story of Periander	48-53
Siege of Samos	54-56
Fate of the rebels	57-59
Wonders of Samos	60
Revolt of the Magi - usurpation of the Pseudo-Smerdis	61
The news reaches Cambyses - his wound, speech, and death	62-66
Reign of the Magus	67
His detection by Otanes	68-69
Otanes conspires - arrival of Darius	70
Debate of the conspirators	71-73
Fate of Prexaspes	74, 75
Overthrow of the Magi	76-79
Debate on the best form of government	80-82
Decision of Otanes	83
Privileges of the Six	84
Darius obtains the kingdom	85-87
His wives	88
Division of the Empire into twenty Satrapies	89-93
Amount of the tribute	94-97
Customs of the Indians	98-105
Productiveness of the earth's extremities	106-116
The river Aces	117
Fate of Intaphernes	118, 119
Story of Oroetes and Polycrates	120-125
Punishment of Oroetes	126-128
Democedes of Crotona cures Darius	129, 130
His former history	131
His influence - he cures Atossa	132, 133
Atossa at his instigation requests Darius to invade Greece	134
Persians sent to explore the coasts - Democedes escapes	135-138
Persian expedition against Samos to establish Syloson	139-149
Revolt, and reduction of Babylon by the stratagem of Zopyrus	150-158
Punishment of the rebels	159
Reward of Zopyrus	160
THE FOURTH BOOK, ENTITLED MELPOMENE	303
Expedition of Darius against Scythia - its pretext	1
1. Previous history of the Scythians - their war with their slaves	2-4
Traditions of their origin
1. Their own account	5-7
2. Greek version of the same	8-10
3. Account preferred by the author	11, 12
Story of Aristeas	13-16
Description of Scythia	17-20
Neighbouring nations, Sauromatae, Budini, Argippaci, Issedones, and Arimaspi	21-27
Climate of Scythia	28-31
Stories of the Hyperboreans	32-36
Universal geography
1. Description of Asia	37-41
2. Circumnavigation of Libya	42, 43
3. Voyage of Scylax	44
Origin of the names, Europe, Asia, Libya	45
Remarkable features of Scythia - the people	46, 47
The rivers - the Ister and its affluents	48-50
The Tyras	51
The Hypanis	52
The Borysthenes	53
The Panticapes, Hypacyris, Gerrhus, Tanais, etc.	54-58
Religion of the Scyths - Gods	59
Sacrifices	60, 61
Worship of Mars, etc.	62, 63
War-customs	64-66
Soothsayers	67-69
Oaths	70
Burial of the kings, etc.	71-73
Use of hemp	74, 75
Hatred of foreign customs - stories of Anacharsis and Scylas	76-80
Population	81
Marvels	82
Preparations of Darius	83-85
Size of the Euxine, Propontis, etc.	86
March of Darius to the Ister	87-92
Customs of the Thracians	93-96
Darius at the Ister	97, 98
Size and shape of Scythia	99-101
Description of the surrounding nations, Tauri, etc.	102-117
Consultation of the kings	118, 119
Plans of the Scyths	120
March of Darius through Scythia, and return to the Ister	121-140
Passage of the Ister and return to the Hellespont	141, 143
Saying of Megabazus	144
Libyan expedition of Aryandes - Founding of Thera	145-149
Theracans required by the oracle to colonise Libya - two accounts	150-155
Occupation of Platea	156
Settlement at Aziris	157
Colonisation of Cyrene	158
History of Cyrene from its foundation to the death of Arcesilaus III.	159-164
Application of Pheretima to Aryandes	165
Fate of Aryandes	166
Expedition against Barca	167
Account of the Libyan tribes from Egypt to Lake Tritonis	168-181
The three regions of Northern Libya	182-185
Customs of the Libyans	186-190
Contrast of eastern and western Libya	191, 192
Account of the western tribes	193-196
Four nations of Libya	197
Productiveness of Libya	198, 199
Account of the expedition against Barca	200-203
Fate of the Barcacans	204
Death of Pheretima	205
THE FIFTH BOOK, ENTITLED TERPSICHORE	386
Thracian conquests of Megabazus	1, 2
Customs of the Thracians	3-8
Region north of Thrace	9, 10
Coes and Histiaeus rewarded	11
Story of Pigres and Mantyes	12-14
Megabazus reduces the Paconians	15
Customs of the Paconians	16
Submission of Macedonia - story of the ambassadors	17-21
Hellenism of the royal family of Macedon	22
Recall of Histiaeus	23-24
Appointment of Artaphernes and Otanes	25
Conquests of Otanes	26, 27
Troubles arise in Ionia - previous history of Miletus	28, 29
Aristagoras' expedition against Naxos	30-34
Message of Histiacus	35
Revolt of Aristagoras	36
Fate of the tyrants	37-38
Aristagoras goes to Sparta - Recent history of Sparta	39-48
Aristagoras fails to persuade Cleomenes	49-54
He goes to Athens - Recent history of Athens - Murder of Hipparchus - Expulsion of Hippias - Clisthenes - attempts of Sparta. Theban and Eginetan wars, etc.	55-96
Aristagoras obtains aid from Athens	97
Escape of the Paeonians	98
Attack on Sardis, which is taken and burnt	99-101
Retreat and defeat of the Greeks	102
Spread of the revolt to Caria and Caunus	103
Revolt and reduction of Cyprus - Darius and Histiacus	104-115
Persians recover the Hellespont	116, 117
War in Caria	118-121
Persian successes in AEolis and Ionia	122, 123
Aristagoras resolves on flight	124
Advice of Histiaeus	125
Flight and death of Aristagoras	126
THE SIXTH BOOK, ENTITLED ERATO	444
Histiaeus comes down to the coast	1-3
Conspiracy discovered at Sardis	4
Histiaeus sails to the Hellespont	5
Miletus threatened by the Persians - the two fleets - battle of Lade	6-15
Misfortunes of the Chians	16
Dionysius the Phocacan commander	17
Fall of Miletus	18
Punishment of the Milesians	19, 20
Sorrow of Athens	21
Fate of the Samians - seizure of Zancle	22-25
Fate of Histiaeus	26-30
Punishment of the rebels	31, 32
Phoenician fleet ravages the Chersonese	33
Chersonesite kingdom of the Cimonidae	34-40
Flight of Miltiades to Athens	41
New settlement of Ionia by the Persians	42
Expedition of Mardonius fails	43-45
Suspected revolt of Thasos	46, 47
Envoys of Darius demand earth and water - submission of Egina and the islands generally	48, 49
Cleomenes attempts to punish the Eginetans	50
Cleomenes' feud with Demaratus	51
The double royalty at Sparta - descent - privileges of the kings	52-59
Spartan customs	60
Story of Ariston	61-63
Demaratus, deprived of his crown, flies to Persia	64-70
Leotychides made king	71
Fate of Leotychides	72
Eginetans forced to give hostages	73
Fate of Cleomenes	74, 75
Various causes assigned for his insanity	76-84
Eginetans demand back their hostages - story of Glaucus	85, 86
War between Egina and Athens	87-93
Expedition of Datis and Artaphernes	94
Course of the expedition	95-99
Preparations of the Eretrians - siege and surrender of Eretria	100, 101
Persians land at Marathon	102
Account of Miltiades	103, 104
Pheidippides sent to Sparta - appearance of Pan	105, 106
Dream of Hippias	107
Platacans join the Athenians - previous connection of the two nations	108
Division among the Athenian generals - Miltiades and Callimachus	109, 110
Preparations for battle	111
Battle of Marathon	112-114
Attempt to surprise Athens	115, 116
Story of Epizelus	117
Return of the expedition to Asia	118, 119
Spartans visit Marathon	120
Charge made against the Alcmaconidac	121-124
Previous history of the family - favours of Croesus	125
Marriage of Megacles with Agarista	126-130
Descent of Pericles	131
Expedition of Miltiades against Paros	132-135
Trial of Miltiades - his death	136
His capture of Lemnos - previous history of the inhabitants	137-140
THE SEVENTH BOOK, ENTITLED POLYMNIA	506
Preparations of Darius against Greece
(1). His sons dispute the succession
(2). Appointment of Xerxes
(3). Death of Darius
(4). Xerxes urged to attack Greece
(5). Influence of Onomacritus
(6). Reduction of Egypt
(7). Xerxes assembles a council - his speech
(8). Address of Mardonius
(9). Speech of Artabanus
(10). Reply of Xerxes
(11). Xerxes vision	12-14
Colloquy with Artabanus	15, 16
The vision appears to Artabanus	17, 18
Preparations of Xerxes	19
Magnitude of the expedition	20, 21
Canal of Athos - skill of the Phoenicians	22-24
Collection of stores	25
Xerxes' march from Critalla	26
Story of Pythius the Lydian	27-29
Route of the army	30
Xerxes reaches Sardis	31
Heralds sent off	32
Bridge at Abydos	33, 34
Xerxes lashes the Hellespont	35
Construction of the Bridge	36
The army leaves Sardis	37
Treatment of Pythius' son	38, 39
Order of the march	40, 41
Route through Mysia	42
Xerxes at Troy	43
Xerxes views his armament	44, 45
Dialogue with Artabanus	46-52
Xerxes' address to the chief Persians	53
Libation and prayer of Xerxes	54
Passage of the Hellespont	55, 56
Prodigies	57
March from Sestos to Doriscus	58, 59
Numbering of the army	60
Nations enumerated - the Persians - their dress and armature	61
The Medes, Cissians, and Hyrcanians	62
The Assyrians and Chaldaeans	63
The Bactrians and Sacae	64
The Indians	65
The Arians, Parthians, etc.	66
The Caspians, Sarangians, etc.	67
The Utians, etc.	68
The Arabians and the Ethiopians of Libya	69
The Ethiopians of Asia	70
The Libyans	71
The Paphlagonians, Phrygians, and Armenians	72, 73
The Lydians and Thracians	74, 75
The Chalybians, Cabalians, etc.	76, 77
The Moschians, Mares, Colchians, etc.	78, 79
The Islanders	80
Officers and Commanders in chief	81, 82
`Immortals'	83
Nations which furnished cavalry	84-88
Contingents to the fleet
(i). Phoenicians
(ii). Egyptians	89
(iii). Cyprians	90
(iv). Cilicians
(v). Pamphylians	91
(vi). Lycians
(vii). Dorians
(viii). Carians	92, 93
(ix). Ionians
(x). AEolians
(xi). Hellespontians	94, 95
Marines	96
Commanders of the naval force	97, 98
Artemisia	99
Xerxes reviews his forces	100
Consults Demaratus	101
Speech of Demaratus	102
Reply of Xerxes	103
Demaratus' opinion of the Spartans	104
Xerxes leaves Doriscus	105
Mascames and Boges	106, 107
Xerxes' march from Doriscus	108
Passage of the Nestus	109
Thracian tribes along the route	110-112
March through Paconia	113
Passage of the Strymon	114
March to Acanthus	115, 116
Death and funeral of Artachaces	117
Preparations for feeding the army	118, 119
Witty remark of Megacreon	120
Order of the march	121
Passage through the Canal	122
Course of the fleet	123
Arrival in the Thermaic Gulf	124
The camels attacked by lions	125, 126
Xerxes reaches Therma	127
Two entrances into Thessaly	128
Description of Thessaly - the Peneus and its tributaries	129
The way to submerge Thessaly	130
Stay of Xerxes in Pieria	131
Treatment of Persian heralds	132, 133
Story of Sperthias and Bulis	134-137
Alarm of the Greeks	138
Patriotic conduct of the Athenians - the Athenians, the Saviours of Greece	139
Warning of the oracle	140
The second oracle	141, 142
Themistocles	143
Proposal of Themistocles to build a fleet	144
The Greeks make up their quarrels	145
Xerxes' treatment of the Greek spies	146, 147
Greek embassy to Argos - reply of the Argive council	148
Sparta rejects their offer	149
Alliance between Persia and Argos	150-152
Greek embassy to Sicily - ancestry of Gelo	153
History of Gelo	154
Gelo becomes king of Gela	155
Makes Syracuse his capital	156
Speech of the Greek envoys	157
Gelo's answer	158
Indignation of Syagrus	159
Gelo's reply to him	160
Address of the Athenian envoy	161
Gelo's final answer	162
Cadmus sent by Gelo to Delphi	163, 164
Intention of Gelo to help the Greeks - Carthaginians invade Sicily	165
Defeat and disappearance of Hamilcar	166, 167
Promises of the Corcyraeans - their actual conduct	168
Embassy to Crete	169
Mythic history of Minos - greatest known slaughter of Greeks	170
Misfortunes of Crete	171
Greeks occupy the defile of Tempe	172
Reason of their leaving the pass	173, 174
Greeks resolve to defend Artemisium and Thermopylae - description of these places	175-177
Greeks advised to pray to the winds	178
Advance of the Persian fleet	179
First encounter	180-182
Stele placed on the 'Ant'	183
Estimate of the Persian forces	184, 185
Number of the host altogether	186
Rivers insufficient for the supply	187
First storm - loss to the Persian fleet	188, 189
Enrichment of Ameinocles	190
The storm ceases	191
Thanksgiving to Neptune 'the Saviour'	192
Persians advance to Aphetae	193
Greeks take fifteen ships	194
Fate of Aridolis	195
Xerxes' advance through Thessaly	196
Temple of Laphystian Jupiter	197
Description of Malis	198
Pass of Thermopylae	199, 200
Position of the two armies	201
Enumeration of the Greek troops	202, 203
Descent of Leonidas	204
The three hundred	205
Spartans keep the Carneia	206
Panic	207
Mounted spy sent by Xerxes	208
Xerxes questions Demaratus	209
First attack by the Medes	210
Second attack by the `Immortals'	211
Alarm of Xerxes	212
Ephialtes tells of the mountain-path	213, 214
Hydarnes sent with Ephialtes	215
The path described	216
Passage of the Persians	217, 218
Leonidas dismisses the allies	219
Reasons for Leonidas remaining	220, 221
Conduct of the Thespians and Thebans	222
Last conflict - death of Leonidas	223, 224
Struggle over his body	225
Remark of Dieneces	226
Alpheus and Maro	227
Inscriptions	228
Story of Aristodemus	229-231
Conduct and fate of the Thebans	233
Xerxes' colloquy with Demaratus	234, 235
Objection of Achacmenes	236
Reply of Xerxes	237
His treatment of Leonidas' body	238
Gorgo and the waxed tablet	239
THE EIGHTH BOOK, ENTITLED URANIA	609
The Greek Fleet at Artemisium	1
The commander, Eurybiades	2, 3
Proceedings of Themistocles	4, 5
Approach of the Persians	6
Ships sent round Euboca	7
Story of Scyllias the Diver	8
Council of the Greek Captains	9
First battle at Artemisium	10, 11
Terrible storm	12, 13
Second engagement	14
Third engagement	15-18
Stratagem of Themistocles - Oracle of Bacis	19-22
Advance of the Persian fleet	23
Persian sailors visit Thermopylac	24, 25
Deserters from Arcadia	26
Persians invade Phocis - wars of Phocians and Thessalians	27-31
Flight of the Phocians	32
Their towns burnt	33
Division of the Persian forces	34
Attack on Delphi - discomfiture of the Persians	35-39
The Grecian fleet anchors at Salamis	40
The Athenians quit Attica	41
Nations composing the Grecian fleet	42-48
Proposed withdrawal to the Isthmus	49
The Persians reach Athens	50, 51
Attack on the Acropolis	52, 53
Message to Artabanus	54
Prodigy of the sacred olive	55
Greeks resolve to sail to the Isthmus	56
Suggestion of Mnesiphilus	57
Themistocles applies to Eurybiades	58-60
Adeimantus and Themistocles	61, 62
Determination of Eurybiades	63, 64
Omen of the cloud of dust	65
Persian fleet at Phalerum	66
Xerxes consults his captains	67
Speech of Artemisia	68
Satisfaction of the king at it	69
Advance of the Persians	70, 71
Greeks at the Isthmus	72
Inhabitants of the Peloponnese	73
Proceedings at Salamis	74
Stratagem of Themistocles	75
Persians occupy Psyttaleia	76
Truth of prophecies	77
Contention of the Greek captains	78
Arrival of Aristides	79
His conference with Themistocles	80, 81
Preparations for the fight	82, 83
Battle of Salamis	84-89
Position of Xerxes' Seat	90
Rout of the Persians	91
Exploits of Polycritus	92
Conduct of Ameinias	93
Story of Adeimantus' flight	94
Exploit of Aristides	95
Preparations to renew the fight	96
Messenger sent to Persia	97
Persian messengers	98
Effect of the tidings	99
Mardonius' advice to Xerxes	100
Xerxes consults with Artemisia	101
Artemisia's answer	102
Proceedings of Xerxes	103, 104
Story of Hermotimus	105, 106
Persians sail to the Hellespont	107
Proposed pursuit	108
Themistocles' advice	109
His message to the king	110
Siege of Andros	111
Themistocles gathers contributions	112
Line of Persian retreat	113
Satisfaction for the death of Leonidas	114
Xerxes' march to the Hellespont - sufferings of the army	115
Story of a Thracian king	116
Passage to Abydos	117
False account of Xerxes' return	118-120
Grecian offerings to the gods	121, 122
Prize of valour	123
Honours paid to Themistocles	124
Envy of Timodemus	125
Artabazus lays siege to Potidaca	126, 127
Affair of Timoxenus	128
Siege raised	129
Persian fleet at Samos	130
Grecian fleet at Egina	131
Embassy of Herodotus the Chian	132
Mys consults the oracles	133-135
Mission of Alexander, son of Amyntas, to Athens - legend of Perdiccas	136-139
Speech of Alexander	140
Counter speech of Spartan ambassadors	141, 142
Answer of the Athenians to Alexander	143
To the Spartan envoys	144
THE NINTH BOOK, ENTITLED CALLIOPE	671
Mardonius marches against Athens
(1). Advice of the Thebans
(2). Mardonius enters Athens
(3). Mission of Murychides	4, 5
Athenian embassy to Sparta	6
Address of the Athenian envoys	7
Delay of the Ephors	8
Expedition sent out	9, 10
Answer to the envoys	11
Mardonius, warned by the Argives, retreats	12, 13
Furthest point reached by Persians	14
Mardonius encamps on the Asopus	15
Story related by Thersander	16
Danger of the Phocians	17, 18
March of Peloponnesians from the Isthmus	19
First engagement - Masistius slain	20-23
Persian lamentations	24
Greeks move towards Plataea	25
Marshalling of the nations - rival claims of the Tegeans and the Athenians	26, 27
Left wing accorded to the Athenians - array and numbers of the other troops	28, 29
Amount of Greek army	30
Persians marshalled by Mardonius	31, 32
Grecian soothsayer Tisamenus - his history	33-36
Mardonius' soothsayer, Hegesistratus	37
Persians cut off the Greek convoys	38-40
Persians hold a council of war	41, 42
Oracle of Bacis	43
Greeks warned by Alexander of Macedon	44, 45
The Spartans and Athenians change places	46, 47
Mardonius insults the Spartans	48
Persians choke the fountain of Gargaphia	49
Movement to Oeroe	50-52
Obstinacy of Amompharetus	53-55
Retreat of Pausanias	56, 57
Mardonius' speech thereupon	58
Persians pursue the Greeks	59
Battle of Plataea - death of Mardonius	60-65
Conduct of Artabazus	66
Bocotians' struggle with Athenians	67
General flight	68
Second battle at the entrenched camp	69, 70
Prowess of the contending parties	71
Conduct of Callicrates	72
Athenian most distinguished
Sophanes - his conduct and fate	73-75
A lady's appeal to Pausanias	76
Arrival of Mantineans and Eleans	77
Evil counsel of Lampon	78, 79
Disposal of the booty	80
Portions set apart for the gods - distribution of the remainder	81
A Persian and a Spartan supper	82
Wonders of the battle-field	83
Clandestine burial of Mardonius	84
Graves of the slain	85
Siege of Thebes	86-88
Flight of Artabazus	89
Leotychides invited by the Samians	90, 91
Deiphonus and Evenius	92-95
Greeks proceed to Samos - Persian army at Mycale	96
Battle of Mycale	97-103
Fate of the Persians	104
The palm of bravery assigned to the Athenians	105
Greeks sail to the Hellespont	106
Persians retreat to Sardis	107
Intrigues of Xerxes - fate of Masistes	108-113
Athenians lay siege to Sestos - fate of CEobazus - punishment of Artayctes	114-120
Athenians return, bringing with them the shore-cables of Xerxes' bridges	121
Artembares and Cyrus	122
Index	728