A History of Chinese Philosophy

by Yu-Lan, Fung

• ISBN13: 9780691020211
• ISBN10: 0691020213
• Edition: Reprint
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1983-08-01
• Publisher: Princeton Univ Pr

Summary

Since its original publication in Chinese in the 1930s, this work has been accepted by Chinese scholars as the most important contribution to the study of their country's philosophy. In 1952 the book was published by Princeton University Press in an English translation by the distinguished scholar of Chinese history, Derk Bodde, "the dedicated translator of Fung Yu-lan's huge history of Chinese philosophy" (New York Times Book Review). Available for the first time in paperback, it remains the most complete work on the subject in any language. Volume I covers the period of the philosophers, from the beginnings to around 100 B.C., a philosophical period as remarkable as that of ancient Greece. Volume II discusses a period lesser known in the West--the period of classical learning, from the second century B.C. to the twentieth century.

Table of Contents

Translator's Preface	xi
Translator's Historical Introduction	xv
Introduction	1	(21)
A General Survey of the Period of the Philosophers
Beginnings of the period	7	(1)
Causes for the development of philosophy during the period	8	(7)
The close of the period	15	(3)
The close of the ancient period of transition	18	(1)
The forms of the early literature	19	(3)
Philosophical and Religious Thought Prior to Confucius	22	(21)
Divine Beings	22	(4)
Divination and Magic	26	(4)
Heaven and God	30	(1)
Beginnings of enlightenment	31	(2)
The rise of rationalism	33	(10)
Confucius and the Rise of Confucianism	43	(89)
The Position of Confucius in Chinese History	46	(8)
Attitude of Confucius toward traditional institutions and beliefs	54	(5)
The Rectification of Names	59	(3)
Confucius as a creator through being a transmitter	62	(4)
The virtues of uprightness, human-heartedness, conscientiousness and altruism	66	(7)
Righteousness, utilitarianism and human nature	73	(3)
Mo Tzu and the Early Mohist School
Concerning the study of Mo Tzu	76	(4)
The Canons and the Major and Minor Illustrations in the Mo-tzu	80	(1)
The Mohists as an organized body	81	(3)
Mo Tzu's Utilitarianism	84	(3)
What is the great profit for the people?	87	(4)
Universal Love	91	(5)
Religious sanctions	96	(4)
Political sanctions	100	(3)
Additional remarks	103	(3)
Mencius and his School of Confucianism
The Mission of Mencius and his position in Chinese history	106	(2)
Attitude toward the Chou institutions	108	(3)
Ideal political and economic measures	111	(8)
The goodness of human nature	119	(8)
Opposition to utilitarianism	127	(2)
Heaven, human nature and the `moving force'	129	(3)
The `Hundred Schools'	132	(205)
Yang Chu and the rise of the Taoist school	133	(10)
Ch'en Chung Tzu	143	(1)
Hsu Hsing and Ch'en Hsiang	144	(1)
Kao Tzu and other debaters on human nature	145	(3)
Yin Wen and Sung K'eng	148	(5)
P'eng Meng, T'ien P'ien and Shen Tao	153	(6)
Tsou Yen and the School of Yin and Yang and of the Five Elements	159	(11)
Lao Tzu and his School of Taoism
Lao Tan and Li Erh	170	(2)
Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu	172	(3)
The spirit of the people of Ch'u	175	(2)
The Way and the Power	177	(3)
Observations on things	180	(3)
How to live in the world	183	(3)
Political and social philosophy	186	(1)
Attitude toward desire and knowledge	187	(2)
The ideal man and ideal society	189	(3)
Hui Shih, Kung-Sun Lung and the Other Dialecticians
The general tendencies in the Dialectician doctrines	192	(2)
Hui Shih and Chuang Tzu	194	(3)
Hui Shih's Ten Paradoxes	197	(4)
Differences between Hui Shih and Chuang Tzu	201	(2)
Kung-sun Lung's `Discourse on the White Horse'	203	(2)
Kung-sun Lung's conception of the Chih	205	(2)
Kung-sun Lung's `Discourse on Hard and White'	207	(2)
Kung-sun Lung's `Discourse on Chih and Things'	209	(3)
Kung-sun Lung's `Discourse on the Explanation of Change'	212	(2)
The `Unity of Similarity and Difference' and `Separateness of Hard and White'	214	(1)
The Twenty-one Paradoxes of the Dialecticians	215	(5)
Sensation and intellect	220	(1)
Chuang Tzu and his School of Taoism
Chuang Tzu and the characteristics of the people of Ch'u	221	(2)
The Way, the Power and Nature	223	(2)
The philosophy of change	225	(1)
How to attain happiness	226	(4)
Liberty and equality	230	(6)
Immortality	236	(3)
The world of pure experience	239	(4)
Absolute freedom	243	(1)
Chuang Tzu compared with Yang Chu	244	(2)
The Later Mohist School
Conditions of the Mohist school during the Warring States period	246	(2)
Utilitarianism in the `Mohist Canons'	248	(3)
Discussions on knowledge	251	(6)
Discussions on dialectic	257	(5)
Discussions on `Similarity and Difference'	262	(3)
Discussions on `Hard and White'	265	(5)
Discussions on other problems of the Dialecticians	270	(1)
Arguments for Universal Love	271	(3)
Arguments with other philosophic schools	274	(5)
Hsun Tzu and his School of Confucianism
Hsun Tzu as a scholar	279	(1)
Attitude toward Confucius and Mencius	280	(2)
Attitude toward the Chou institutions	282	(2)
Heaven and human nature	284	(5)
Hsun Tzu's system of psychology	289	(5)
Origins of society and the state	294	(3)
Rites and music	297	(2)
The King and the Feudal Leader	299	(3)
The Rectification of Names	302	(10)
Han Fei Tzu and the Other Legalists
The Legalist doctrines and the social, political and economic tendencies of their time	312	(4)
The Legalist concept of history	316	(2)
The three groups in the Legalist school	318	(2)
The three groups and Han Fei Tzu	320	(1)
The importance of law	321	(2)
Rectification of Names and Actualities	323	(2)
Strictness in Rewards and Punishments	325	(2)
The evilness of human nature	327	(3)
Non-activity	330	(5)
The Legalists and the nobles of their time	335	(2)
The Confucians of the Ch'in and Han Dynasties	337	(71)
General principles of Li	337	(4)
General principles underlying music	341	(3)
Theory of mourning rites	344	(6)
Theory of sacrificial rites	350	(5)
Theory of marriage rites	355	(2)
Theories on filial piety	357	(4)
The Great Learning	361	(8)
The Doctrine of the Mean	369	(8)
The Evolutions of Li	377	(2)
The Appendices of the Book of Changes and the Cosmology of the Huai-nan-tzu
Origin of the Book of Changes and of its appendices	379	(3)
The Eight Trigrams and the Yin and Yang	382	(5)
Development and change of phenomenal things	387	(1)
The endless cycle of phenomenal change	388	(2)
The hexagrams and human affairs	390	(5)
The cosmology of the Huai-nan-tzu	395	(5)
Confucian Discussions on the Six Disciplines, and the Ultimate Triumph of Confucianism
Confucian discussions of the Six Disciplines	400	(3)
Causes for the ultimate triumph of Confucianism	403	(5)
Appendix---Chronological Table of the Philosophers	408	(2)
Bibliography	410	(13)
Index	423