A History of Chinese Philosophy

by Yu-Lan, Fung; Bodde, Derk

• ISBN13: 9780691020228
• ISBN10: 0691020221
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1983-08-01
• Publisher: Princeton Univ Pr

Summary

Since its original publication in Chinese in the 1930s, this work has been accepted by Chinese scholars as the most important contribution to the study of their country's philosophy. In 1952 the book was published by Princeton University Press in an English translation by the distinguished scholar of Chinese history, Derk Bodde, "the dedicated translator of Fung Yu-lan's huge history of Chinese philosophy" (New York Times Book Review). Available for the first time in paperback, it remains the most complete work on the subject in any language. Volume I covers the period of the philosophers, from the beginnings to around 100 B.C., a philosophical period as remarkable as that of ancient Greece. Volume II discusses a period lesser known in the West--the period of classical learning, from the second century B.C. to the twentieth century.

Table of Contents

Translator's Preface	xiii
Translator's Historical Introduction	xix
A General Discussion of the Period of Classical Learning	1	(6)
Tung Chung-Shu and the New Text School	7	(81)
The School of Yin and Yang and the New Text School	7	(4)
The Cosmological System of the Yin-Yang School	11	(5)
Tung Chung-shu's Position among the Confucianists of the Former Han Dynasty	16	(3)
Yuan, Heaven, the Yin and Yang, and the Five Elements	19	(4)
The Four Seasons	23	(7)
The Correlation of Man with the Numerical Categories of Heaven	30	(2)
Human Nature and the Feelings	32	(6)
Individual and Social Ethics	38	(8)
Polital and Social Philosophy	46	(9)
Visitations and Prodigies	55	(3)
Philosophy of History	58	(13)
Significance of the Spring and Autumn Annals	71	(17)
Prognostication Texts, Apocrypha, and Numerology During the Han Dynasty	88	(45)
Apocrypha and Prognostication Texts	88	(3)
Numerology	91	(5)
The Numbers of the Yin and Yang	96	(6)
The Positions of the Eight Trigrams	102	(4)
The Hexagrams and the ``Breaths'' of the Year	106	(3)
Meng Hsi and Ching Fang	109	(9)
The Hexagrams and Music	118	(6)
Other Apocrypha	124	(7)
The Yin-Yang School and Science	131	(2)
The Old Text School, and Yang Hsiung and Wang Ch'ung	133	(35)
The ``Old Learning'' and Liu Hsin	133	(3)
Yang Hsiung	136	(14)
The Great Mystery	139	(7)
The Model Sayings	146	(4)
Wang Ch'ung	150	(18)
Naturalism	152	(1)
Criticism of Contemporary Beliefs	153	(5)
View of History	158	(1)
Methodology	159	(2)
Theory of Human Nature	161	(1)
View of Fate	162	(6)
Neo-Taoism During the Period of Disunity (Part I)	168	(37)
The Mysterious Learning and Confucius	168	(7)
Name-Principles	175	(4)
Wang Pi	179	(11)
``Non-being''	180	(4)
Concepts and Principles	184	(3)
The Emotions of the Sage	187	(3)
Materialism and Mechanism in the Lieh-tzu	190	(5)
Hedonism in the ``Yang Chu Chapter'' of the Lieh-tzu	195	(10)
Neo-Taoism During the Period of Disunity (Part II)	205	(32)
Hsiang Hsiu and Kuo Hsiang	205	(2)
Self-Transformation	207	(3)
The Relationships of Things in the Universe	210	(3)
Natural and Social Change	213	(2)
``Non-Activity''	215	(4)
Sage Wisdom	219	(5)
``The Happy Excursion''	224	(2)
``The Equality of Things''	226	(5)
``The Perfect Man''	231	(6)
Buddhism and its Critics During the Period of Disunity	237	(56)
Buddhism and Taoism	240	(3)
The ``Six Houses'' and ``Seven Schools''	243	(15)
Seng-chao	258	(12)
The Immutability of Things	260	(4)
Emptiness of the Unreal	264	(1)
Prajna Is Not Knowledge	265	(5)
Tao-sheng	270	(14)
Theory of Retribution	271	(3)
Theory of Instantaneous Enlightenment	274	(10)
Contemporary Debates on the Immortality of the Soul	284	(9)
Buddhism During the Sui and T'ang Dynasties (Part I)	293	(67)
Chi-tsang's Theory of Double Truth	293	(6)
Hsuan-tsang's Completion of the Doctrine of Mere Ideation	299	(40)
The Mere Ideation Theory of Equally Avoiding Being and Non-being	300	(2)
The Four Functional Divisions of Consciousness	302	(2)
The Eighth or Alaya Consciousness	304	(8)
The Seventh or Manas Consciousness and the Six Other Consciousnesses	312	(5)
All Is Mere Ideation	317	(11)
The Three Characters of Existence and Non-existence, and the Bhutatathata	328	(5)
The Transformation of Consciousness into Wisdom	333	(6)
Fa-tsang's Essay on the Gold Lion	339	(21)
Understanding of Arisal through Causation	341	(1)
Discriminating the Emptiness of Matter	342	(1)
Summarizing the Three Characters	343	(1)
Revelation of the Qualityless	344	(1)
Explaining Non-generation	345	(1)
Discussing the Five Teachings	346	(3)
Mastering the Ten Mysteries	349	(6)
Embracing the Six Qualities	355	(1)
Achievement of Bodhi	355	(2)
Entry into Nirvana	357	(1)
Subjective and Objective Idealism	358	(2)
Buddhism During the Sui and T'ang Dynasties (Part II)	360	(47)
The T'ien-t'ai School's Mahayana Method of Cessation and Contemplation	360	(26)
The Bhutatathata and Tathagata-garbha	361	(4)
The Three Characters	365	(4)
Universal and Non-universal Consciousness	369	(1)
The Integration of All Things	370	(5)
Cessation and Contemplation	375	(3)
The Impure Natures of the Buddhas	378	(2)
Enlightenment and Unenlightenment	380	(3)
The T'ien-t'ai School Compared with the Mere Ideation and Hua-yen Schools	383	(1)
Chan-jan's Theory that ``Even Inanimate Things Possess the Buddha-nature''	384	(2)
The Ch'an School	386	(21)
Intellectual Basis of the Ch'an School	388	(2)
The First Principle Is Inexpressible	390	(3)
``Spiritual Cultivation Cannot Be Cultivated''	393	(6)
In the Last Resort Nothing Is Gained	399	(2)
``There Is Nothing Much in the Buddhist Teaching''	401	(1)
``In Carrying Water and Chopping Wood: Therein Lies the Wonderful Tao''	402	(5)
The Rise of Neo-Confucianism and its Borrowings from Buddhism and Taoism	407	(27)
Han Yu	408	(5)
Li Ao	413	(9)
Neo-Confucianism and Buddhism	422	(2)
One Stream of Thought in Religious Taoism	424	(7)
The Scientific Spirit of Religious Taoism	431	(3)
Chou Tun-Yi and Shao Yung	434	(43)
Chou Tun-yi	434	(17)
Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate Explained	435	(8)
Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate Explained and the Explanatory Text	443	(8)
Shao Yung	451	(26)
The Supreme Ultimate and the Eight Trigrams	454	(5)
``Diagram of What Antedates Heaven'' and Other Diagrams	459	(5)
Creation of Individual Things	464	(1)
Men and the Sage	465	(4)
Cosmological Chronology	469	(5)
Political Philosophy	474	(3)
Change Tsai and the Ch'eng Brothers	477	(56)
Chang Tsai	477	(21)
The Ether	478	(4)
Orderly Sequence of Things in the Universe	482	(1)
Some Universal Phenomena	483	(1)
Celestial and Terrestrial Phenomena	484	(4)
Theory of the Nature	488	(3)
Unity of Man with Heaven	491	(5)
Criticism of Buddhism and Taoism	496	(2)
Ch'eng Hao and Ch'eng Yi	498	(35)
Heavenly Principle	500	(8)
Criticism of Buddhism	508	(1)
The Physical and the Metaphysical	509	(3)
The Ether	512	(2)
The Nature	514	(4)
Fluctuations of the Yin and Yang and of Good and Evil	518	(2)
Ch'eng Hao's Theory of Spiritual Cultivation	520	(7)
Ch'eng Yi's Theory of Spiritual Cultivation	527	(6)
Chu Hsi	533	(39)
Principle and the Supreme Ultimate	534	(8)
The Ether	542	(4)
Cosmogony	546	(5)
The Nature in Men and Other Creatures	551	(7)
Ethics and Theory of Spiritual Cultivation	558	(4)
Political Philosophy	562	(4)
Criticism of Buddhism	566	(6)
Lu Chiu-Yuan, Wang Shou-Jen, and Ming Idealism	572	(58)
Lu Chiu-yuan	572	(7)
Yang Chien	579	(6)
Chu Hsi and Lu Chiu-yuan Compared	585	(7)
Rationalism after Chu Hsi	592	(2)
Ch'en Hsien-chang and Chan Jo-shui	594	(2)
Wang Shou-jen	596	(27)
Questions on the Great Learning	598	(5)
Unity of Knowledge and Conduct	603	(2)
Chu Hsi and Wang Shou-jen Compared	605	(5)
Criticism of Buddhism and Taoism	610	(2)
The Gradations of Love	612	(2)
Origin of Evil	614	(4)
Unity of Activity and Quiescence	618	(2)
Reactions against Wang's Idealism	620	(3)
Wang Chi and Wang Ken	623	(7)
The Ch'ing Continuation of Neo-Confucianism	630	(43)
The Han Learning and the Sung Learning	630	(1)
Yen Yuan, Li Kung, and One Group in Neo-Confucianism	631	(20)
Principle and the Ether	636	(8)
The Nature and the Physical Form	644	(7)
Tai Chen	651	(22)
Tao and Principle	652	(5)
The Nature and Capacity	657	(7)
Methodology for Seeking Principle	664	(2)
Origin of Evil	666	(3)
Tai Chen and Hsun Tzu	669	(4)
The New Text School of the Ch'ing Dynasty	673	(49)
The Religious and Reform Movement at the End of the Ch'ing	673	(3)
K'ang Yu-wei	676	(15)
Confucius as a Religious Leader and Political Reformer	676	(8)
Book of the Great Unity	684	(7)
T'an Ssu-t'ung	691	(14)
Love and the ``Ether''	692	(2)
Being and Non-being, Production and Destruction	694	(4)
Government in the Great Unity	698	(4)
Regarding Religious Leaders	702	(3)
Liao P'ing	705	(14)
Interpretation of the Classics: First Phase	705	(3)
Interpretation of the Classics: Second Phase	708	(2)
Interpretation of the Classics: Third Phase	710	(5)
Interpretation of the Classics: Fourth Phase	715	(2)
Interpretation of the Classics: Fifth Phase	717	(2)
Conclusion of the Period of Classical Learning	719	(3)
Appendix---Chronological Table of the Period of Classical Learning	722	(4)
Bibliography	726	(29)
Index	755