History of Insects

by Belayeva, N. V.; Quicke, Donald L. J.; Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P.

• ISBN13: 9781402000263
• ISBN10: 140200026X
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-05-01
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

This is the first time that a single book has attempted to cover the whole of the fossil history of insects so comprehensively. The volume embraces the history of insect palaeontology, methods for studying fossils, the taphonomic processes leading to their formation, the diagnostic features of all insect orders, both extant and extinct, the major fossils of each order, and the implications that can be drawn from the palaeoentomological record about past ecology and climates. Many new insights are presented. It is the product principally of the largest palaeoentomological group in the world, in Moscow, and makes full use of the remarkable collection that these workers have developed. It includes a very large number of illustrations showing both real fossils and reconstructions of extinct taxa. The systematic part is treated in a phylogenetic framework, with information on fossil groups being used to help interpret relationships. An appendix provides information on virtually all sites where fossil insects have been found. This book is essential to all students of palaeoentomology and contains a wealth of information that will be of interest to students of insect evolutionary relationships and of palaeontology in general.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Acknowledgements	xi
Contributors	xii
Introduction to Plaeoentomology	1	(64)
Scope and approach	1	(7)
A.P. Rasnitsyn
Coverage	1	(1)
Phylogenetic approach	1	(6)
Nomenclature	7	(1)
Special features of the study of fossil insects	8	(4)
A.P. Rasnitsyn
Concise history of palaeoentomology	12	(5)
A.P. Rasnitsyn
Pattern of insect burial and conservation	17	(48)
†V.V. Zherikhin
General	17	(1)
Insect taphonomy	18	(1)
Direct burial in sedimentary deposits	18	(1)
Autotaphonomical factors	19	(5)
Ecological factors	24	(1)
Ecological factors affecting organisms in their life-time	25	(2)
Mortality factors	27	(2)
Post-mortem ecological factors	29	(2)
Taphotopical factors	31	(5)
Postburial factors	36	(3)
Technical factors	39	(1)
Indirect burial in fossil containers	40	(1)
Fossil resins	40	(1)
Autotaphonomical factors	41	(2)
Ecological factors	43	(1)
Taphotopical factors	43	(5)
Postburial factors	48	(2)
Technical factors	50	(1)
Other primary fossil conntainers	50	(2)
Secondary fossil containers	52	(1)
Products of the taphonomical process: insect fossils and ichnofossils in different palaeoenvironments and modes of their preservation	53	(1)
Marine deposits	53	(1)
Non-marine subaquatic palaeoenvironments	54	(1)
Lacustrine deposits	54	(2)
Swamp, marsh and other wetland deposits	56	(1)
Fluvial deposits	56	(1)
Spring deposits	57	(1)
Subaerial palaeoenvironments	57	(3)
Selectivity of the rock record	60	(1)
Insect microfossils and chemofossils	60	(1)
Insects as contaminants in fossil assemblages	61	(1)
Insect activities as a taphonomic factor	62	(3)
Class Insecta Linne, 1758. The Insects	65	(260)
A.P. Rasnitsyn
Subclass Lepismatona Latreille, 1804. The wingless insects	69	(6)
Order Machilida Grassi, 1888. The bristletails	70	(3)
Order Lepismatida Latreille, 1804. The silverfish	73	(2)
Subclass Scarabaeona Laicharting, 1781. The winged insects	75	(228)
Order Paoliida Handlirsch, 1906	83	(1)
Infraclass Scarabaeones Laicharting, 1781	84	(1)
Cohors Libelluliformes Laicharting, 1781	85	(1)
Superorder Ephemeridea Latreille, 1810. The mayflies	86	(1)
Order Triplosobida Handlirsch, 1906	87	(1)
Order Syntonopterida Handlirsch, 1911	88	(1)
Order Ephemerida Latreille, 1810. The true mayflies	89	(8)
N. Yu. Kluge
N.D. Sinitshenkova
Superorder Libellulidea Laicharting, 1781. Order Odonata Fabricius, 1792. The dragonflies	97	(7)
A.P. Rasnitsyn
L.N. Pritykina
Cohors Cimiciformes Laicharting, 1781	104	(1)
A.P. Rasnitsyn
Superorder Caloneuridea Handlirsch, 1906	105	(1)
Order Blattinopseida Bolton, 1925	106	(1)
Order Caloneurida Handlirsch, 1906	106	(3)
Order Zorotypida Silvestri, 1913	109	(2)
Superorder Hypoperlidea Martynov, 1928. Order Hypoperlida Martynov, 1928	111	(4)
Superorder Dictyoneuridea Handlirsch, 1906	115	(1)
N.D. Sinitshenkova
Order Dictyoneurida Handlirsch, 1906	116	(4)
Order Mischopterida Handlirsch, 1906	120	(3)
Order Diaphanopterida Handlirsch, 1906	123	(2)
Superorder Psocidea Leach 1815	125	(3)
A.P. Rasnitsyn
Order Psocidea Leach, 1815. The booklice	128	(3)
Order Pediculida Leach, 1815. The lice	131	(2)
Order Thripida Fallen, 1914	133	(10)
†V.V. Zherikhin
Superorder Cimicidea Laicharting, 1781 Order Hemiptera Linne, 1758. The bugs, cicadas, plantlice, scale insects, etc.	143	(14)
D.E. Scherbakov
Yu.A. Popov
Cohors Scarabaeiformes Laicharting, 1781 The holometabolans	157	(2)
A.P. Rasnitsyn
Order Stylopida Stephens, 1829	159	(2)
Superiorder Palaeomanteidea Handlirsch, 1906. Order Palaeomanteida Handlirsch, 1906	161	(3)
Superorder Scarabaeidea Laicharting, 1781. Order Coleoptera Linne, 1758. The beetles	164	(12)
A.G. Ponomarenko
Superorder Myrmeleontidea Latreille, 1802	176	(1)
A.G. Ponomarenko
Order Raphidiida Latreille, 1810	177	(3)
Order Corydalida Leach, 1815	180	(3)
Order Neuroptera Linne, 1758	183	(6)
Order Jurinida M. Zalessky, 1928	189	(3)
A.P. Rasnitsyn
Superorder Papilionidea Laicharting, 1781	192	(2)
A.P. Rasnitsyn
Order Panorpida Latreille, 1802. The scorpionflies	194	(5)
V.G. Novokshonov
Order Trichoptera Kirby, 1813. The caddisflies	199	(21)
V.D. Ivanov
I.D. Sukatsheva
Order Lepidoptera Linne, 1758. The butterflies and moths	220	(7)
M.V. Kozlov
V.D. Ivanov
A.P. Rasnitsyn
Order Diptera Linne, 1758. The true flies	227	(13)
V.A. Blagoderov
E.D. Lukashevich
M.B. Mostovski
Order Pulicida Billbergh, 1820. The fleas	240	(2)
A.P. Rasnitsyn
Superorder Vespidea Laicharting, 1781. Order Hymenoptera Linne, 1758	242	(12)
A.P. Rasnitsyn
Infraclass Gryllones Laicharting, 1781. The grylloneans	254	(2)
A.P. Rasnitsyn
Order Eoblattida Handlirsch, 1906	256	(4)
Superorder Blattidea Latreille, 1810	260	(3)
Order Blattida Latreille, 1810. The cockroaches	263	(7)
Peter Vrsansky
V.N. Vishniakova
A.P. Rasnitsyn
Order Termitida Latreille, 1802. The termites	270	(3)
N.V. Belayeva
Order Mantida Latreille, 1802. The mantises	273	(3)
†V.V. Zherikhin
Superorder Perlidea Latreille, 1802	276	(2)
A.P. Rasnitsyn
Order Grylloblattida Walker, 1914	278	(3)
S.Yu. Storozhenko
Order Perlida Latreille, 1810. The stoneflies	281	(7)
N.D. Sinitshenkova
Order Forficulida Latreille, 1810. The earwigs and protelytropterans	288	(3)
D.E. Scherbakov
Order Embiida Burmeisiter, 1835. The webspinners	291	(2)
A.P. Rasnitsyn
Superorder Gryllidea Laicharting, 1781	293	(1)
A.V. Gorochov
A.P. Rasnitsyn
Order Orthoptera Olivier, 1789. The orthopterans	294	(7)
Order Phasmatida Leach, 1915. The stick insects	301	(1)
Order Mesotitanida Tillyard, 1925	302	(1)
Insect trace fossils	303	(22)
†V.V. Zherikhin
Introductory remarks	303	(4)
Locomotion and resting traces	307	(1)
Shelters and burrows	308	(8)
Oviposition traces	316	(2)
Feeding traces	318	(6)
Coprolites	324	(1)
General Features of Insect History	325	(112)
Dynamics of insect taxonomic diversity	325	(6)
V.Yu. Dmitriev
A.G. Ponomarenko
Ecological history of terrestrial insects	331	(57)
†V.V. Zherikhin
Introduction	331	(1)
Palaeozoic	332	(1)
Environments of insect origin and early evolution	332	(3)
Middle carboniferous to permian	335	(1)
General features of palaeozoic insects	335	(3)
Herbivores	338	(5)
Detritivores and fungivores	343	(2)
Predators	345	(2)
Some ecosystem-level phenomena	347	(1)
The palaeozoic/mesozoic transition	348	(3)
Mesozoic	351	(1)
Triassic - early cretaceous	351	(1)
General features of mesozoic insects (before amid-cretaceous)	351	(1)
Herbivores	352	(1)
Anthophily and the evolution of entomophily	353	(5)
Other forms of herbivory	358	(5)
Detriti- and fungivores	363	(2)
Predators and parasites	365	(2)
Origin of sociality	367	(1)
Some ecosystem-level phenomena	367	(1)
The late cretaceous and the mesozoic/cainozoic transition	367	(1)
General features of late cretaceous insects	367	(2)
Herbivores	369	(2)
Detriti- and fungivores	371	(1)
Predators and parasites	372	(1)
Pattern and models of the mid-cretaceous events	373	(1)
Cainozoic	374	(1)
General features of cainozoic insects	374	(2)
Herbivores	376	(6)
Detriti- and fungivores	382	(2)
Predators and parasites	384	(1)
Insect sociality and some ecosystem level phenomena	385	(1)
Origin of principal types of modern terrestrial ecosystems	386	(2)
Ecological history of the aquatic insects	388	(39)
N.D. Sinitshenkova
Introductory notes	388	(1)
Carboniferous	389	(1)
Permian	390	(1)
Triassic	391	(1)
Overview of taxa of aquatic insects	391	(2)
Aquatic insect assemblages and their typology	393	(1)
Jurassic	394	(1)
Overview of taxa of aquatic insects	394	(4)
Aquatic insect assemblages and their typology	398	(2)
Cretaceous	400	(1)
Overview of taxa of aquatic insects	401	(3)
Aquatic insect assemblages and their typology	404	(13)
Cainozoic	417	(1)
†V.V. Zherikhin
N.D. Sinitshenkova
Overview of taxa of aquatic insects	417	(1)
Aquatic insect assemblages and their typology	418	(7)
Models of cretaceous and cainozoic evolution of aquatic insect assemblages	425	(2)
Geographical history of insects	427	(10)
K.Yu. Eskov
Introductory remarks	427	(1)
Devonian stage of insect evolution	427	(1)
Carboniferous stage of insect evolution	428	(1)
Permian stage of insect evolution	429	(1)
Triassic stage of insect evolution	430	(1)
Jurassic stage of insect evolution	431	(1)
Cretaceous stage of insect evolution	431	(2)
Cainozoic stage of insect evolution	433	(1)
Problem of the so-called ``Gondwanan'' Ranges of the recent taxa	433	(1)
Some general phylogenetic patterns	434	(3)
Appendix: Selected Insect Fossil Sites	437	(10)
Impression fossils	437	(7)
A.P. Rasnitsyn
†V.V. Zherikhin
Fossil resins	444	(3)
K.Yu. Eskov
References	447	(48)
INDEXES
General index	495	(3)
Index to taxon names	498	(13)
Index to straton names	511	(2)
Index to geographic names	513