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9781551117706

A History of Science in Society

by Ede, Andrew
  • ISBN13:

    9781551117706

  • ISBN10:

    1551117703

  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2007-07-01
  • Publisher: Univ of Toronto Pr Higher education

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Summary

A History of Science in Society: A Reader , edited by Andrew Ede and Lesley B. Cormack, is a collection of primary source documents and an excellent companion to their text by the same name. It includes scientific papers as well as more popular and cultural expressions of scientific ideas from the likes of Margaret Cavendish, Albert Einstein, and Rachel Carson. Readings from the pre-Scientific Revolution, the Middle Ages, the Islamic world, and women scientists are also well represented in this collection. Each of the over 90 readings begins with a short description providing historical context, but readers may also refer to the authors' companion text. Illustrations and maps integral to the readings are included, along with a Chronology of Readings and a Topical Index.

Author Biography

Andrew Ede and Lesley B. Cormack are the authors of A History of Science in Society: From Philosophy to Utility (Broadview Press, 2004). Cormack is the author of Charting an Empire: Geography at the English Universities, 1580-1620 (University of Chicago Press, 1997); Ede is the author of The Chemical Element: A Historical Perspective (Greenwood, 2006). They both teach at the University of Alberta.

Table of Contents

Chronology of Readingsp. 9
The Origins of Natural Philosophyp. 13
Pre-Socraticsp. 13
Platop. 18
The Republicp. 18
Timaeusp. 20
Aristotlep. 25
Posterior Analyticsp. 25
Prior Analyticsp. 27
Physicsp. 29
Euclid, The Elementsp. 33
Lucretius, On the Nature of Thingsp. 37
The Roman Era and the Rise of Islamp. 43
Ptolemyp. 43
Almagestp. 43
Geographyp. 49
Galen, On the Therapeutic Methodp. 53
Pliny the Elder, Natural Historyp. 57
Boethius, "On Arithmetic"p. 60
Geber, Alchemyp. 64
Ibn Rushd (Averroes), Commentary on Aristotlep. 67
Ibn Sina (Avicenna)p. 72
"On the formation of Minerals and Metals and the Impossibility of Alchemy"p. 72
"Canon"p. 74
Al-Khwarizmi, "Six Types of Rhetorical Algebraic Equations"p. 78
Al-Ghazali, Tahafut Al-Falasifah [Incoherence of the Philosophers]p. 81
Maimonides, The Guide for the Perplexedp. 85
The Revival of Natural Philosophy in Western Europep. 90
Alcuin, The Rhetoric of Alcuin and Charlemagnep. 90
Albertus Magnus, "On the Material, Hardness, and Fissility of Stones"p. 93
Thomas Aquinas, "Questions I-IV of his Commentary on the De Trinitate of Boethius"p. 97
Jean Buridan, "The Impetus Theory of Projectile Motion"p. 100
Robert Grosseteste, "On the Rainbow"p. 104
Theodoric of Freiberg, "On the Rainbow"p. 107
Nicole Oresme, Geometry of Qualities and Motionsp. 112
William of Ockhamp. 116
Theory of Terms: Summa Logicae (Part I)p. 116
"Questions on Aristotle's Physics"p. 119
Johannes Sacrobosco, The Spherep. 120
Science in the Renaissance: The Courtly Philosophersp. 127
Nicolas Copernicus, On the Revolutionsp. 127
Galileo Galileip. 133
Two New Sciencesp. 133
"Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina"p. 139
Johannes Kepler, The Harmony of the Worldp. 144
Paracelsus, Ioatrochemistryp. 150
Andreas Vesalius, The Epitome of De Fabrica Corporis Humanisp. 153
The Scientific Revolution: Contested Theoryp. 157
Francis Baconp. 157
The New Atlantisp. 157
The New Organonp. 162
Rene Descartes, Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting One's Reason and of Seeking Truth in the Sciencesp. 167
Margaret Lucas Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle, Grounds of Natural Philosophyp. 172
Isaac Newtonp. 175
The Principia Mathematicap. 175
Opticksp. 180
William Harvey, The Circulation of the Bloodp. 186
Robert Boyle, The Skeptical Chymistp. 192
The Enlightenment and Enterprisep. 198
Denis Diderot, "The Arts" from Encyclopediep. 198
Count Francesco Algarotti, Sir Isaac Newton's Philosophy explain'd for the Use of the Ladiesp. 201
Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet, Selected Writingsp. 204
Joseph Priestley, Considerations on the Doctrine of Phlogiston and the Decomposition of Waterp. 208
Antoine Lavoisier, Elements of Chemistryp. 211
Benjamin Franklin, Experiments and Observations on Electricityp. 216
Caroline Herschel, Autobiographiesp. 222
John Playfair, Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory of the Earthp. 226
Mungo Park, Travels into the Interior of Africap. 229
Science and Empirep. 234
Alexander von Humboldt, Cosmosp. 234
Georges Cuvier, Essay on the Theory of the Earthp. 237
Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck, Zoological Philosophyp. 242
Charles Babbage, Reflections on the Decline of Science in Englandp. 247
Charles Lyell, Principles of Geologyp. 251
Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Speciesp. 257
Francis Galton, Hereditary Genius: An Inquiry into its Laws and Consequencesp. 263
Herbert Spencer, The Principles of Sociologyp. 270
Louis Pasteur, Studies on Fermentationp. 275
William Thomson Kelvin, 1st Baron, "Review of Evidence Regarding the Physical Condition of the Earth"p. 280
Dmitri Ivanovitch Mendeleev, The Principles of Chemistryp. 285
The Death of Certainty: Science and Warp. 292
Count Benjamin Thompson Rumford, An Experimental Inquiry Concerning the Source of the Heat which is Excited by Frictionp. 292
Michael Faraday, Experimental Researches in Electricityp. 299
James Clerk Maxwell, A Dynamical Theory of Electromagnetic Fieldp. 304
J.J. Thomson, "Carriers of Negative Electricity"p. 309
Amedeo Avogadro, "Essay on a Manner of Determining the Relative Masses of the Elementary Molecules of Bodies and the Proportions in which they enter into these Compounds"p. 314
Ernest Rutherford, The Newer Alchemyp. 319
Marie Sklodowska Curiep. 326
Radioactive Substancesp. 327
Eve Curie, Madame Curie: A Biographyp. 328
L.F. Haber, The Poisonous Cloud: Chemical Warfare in the First World Warp. 333
Albert Einsteinp. 338
"On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies"p. 339
"What is the Theory of Relativity?"p. 342
Sigmund Freud, The Ego and the Idp. 344
Entering the Atomic Agep. 349
Gregor Mendel, Experiments in Plant Hybridisationp. 349
Thomas Hunt Morgan, The Scientific Basis of Evolutionp. 356
Erwin Schrodinger, "The Present Situation in Quantum Mechanics"p. 362
Lise Meitner and Otto R. Frischp. 368
"Disintegration of Uranium by Neutrons: A New Type of Nuclear Reaction"p. 368
"Products of the Fission of the Uranium Nucleus"p. 369
Committee on Political and Social Problems, Manhattan Project, "Franck Report"p. 371
Robert Oppenheimer, "Atomic Explosives [May 1946]"p. 375
Erwin Schrodinger, What is Life? The Physical Aspects of the Living Cellp. 380
John D. Watson and Francis H. Crick, "Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid"p. 384
Barbara McClintock, "The Significance of Responses of the Genome to Challenge"p. 386
1957: The Year the World Became a Planetp. 392
John F. Kennedy, "Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs"p. 392
Sydney Chapman, "Introduction to the History of the First International Polar Year"p. 397
Sir Harold Spencer Jones, "The Inception and Development of the International Geophysical Year"p. 399
J. Tuzo Wilsonp. 403
"Hypothesis of Earth's Behaviour"p. 403
"A New Class of Faults and Their Bearing on Continental Drift"p. 410
Vannevar Bush, Modern Arms and Free Menp. 416
Fred Hoyle, The Nature of the Universep. 421
Man on the Moon, Microwave in the Kitchenp. 426
Margaret Sangerp. 426
An Autobiographyp. 426
"Birth Control and Racial Betterment"p. 428
Charles Babbage, "Of the Analytical Engine"p. 429
Alan Turing, "Computing Machinery and Intelligence"p. 435
Rachel Carson, Silent Springp. 440
Human Genome Project, "Mission Statement"p. 447
UNESCO, "Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights"p. 447
US Supreme Court, Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 US 303 (1980)p. 452
Bibliographyp. 459
Sourcesp. 465
Index of Topicsp. 469
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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