History and Theories of Psychology A Critical Perspective

by Jones, Dai; Elcock, Jonathan

• ISBN13: 9780340741160
• ISBN10: 0340741163
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-07-26
• Publisher: Hodder Education Publishers

Summary

From the founding of psychology to the rise of cognitivism, from psychoanalysis to social constructionism, the wide-ranging history of psychology appears in this lucid, insightful textbook. The authors trace the development of the discipline against the backdrop of the intellectual, social, and political contexts in which it emerged. They go on to address critical topics of debate in contemporary psychology, such as biological determinism, folk psychology, and much more. The result is an ideal work for psychology courses, both general surveys and seminars and specialized classes that call for a general background text.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Introduction	1	(1)
Overview	1	(4)
About the Authors	5	(1)
Book Organization	6	(1)
Further Reading	7	(2)
History As Metatheory	9	(16)
Introduction	9	(1)
General Issues with Approaches to History	9	(1)
Approaches to Science	10	(6)
Science as Social Activity	16	(5)
Psychology and Science	21	(2)
Further Reading	23	(2)
The Founding of Psychology	25	(17)
Origin Myth Part One: The Myth of Wundt	25	(2)
Origin Myths Part Two: An Unbroken Lineage	27	(1)
Intellectual and Social Conditions	28	(12)
Summary and Conclusions	40	(1)
Further Reading	40	(2)
The Early Development of Psychology	42	(23)
Theoretical Developments In Psychology	43	(14)
Methodological Developments In Psychology	57	(5)
Conclusion	62	(1)
Further Reading	63	(2)
The Development of Applied Psychology	65	(18)
American Psychology and Application	65	(2)
Forerunners Of Applied Psychology	67	(3)
The Mental Testing Movement	70	(3)
Psychology's First Market -- Education	73	(4)
Industrial Psychology	77	(1)
Clinical Psychology	78	(2)
Conclusion	80	(2)
Further Reading	82	(1)
Psychoanalysis and Psychology	83	(15)
A Brief Introduction to Psychoanalysis	84	(2)
Early Points of Departure Between Psychology and Psychoanalysis	86	(1)
Phychology Coopting Psychonalysis	87	(4)
Interim Summary	91	(1)
Cooperation Dynamics of Small Groups	92	(1)
Studies in Prejudice and the Authoritarian Personality	93	(1)
Clinical Practice Competition	94	(1)
Conclusion	95	(1)
Further Reading	96	(2)
Psychology and Society	98	(21)
Framework	98	(1)
Psychology and Society: A Reflexive Relationship	99	(2)
The USA	101	(11)
Counterpoint: Germany	112	(4)
Conclusion	116	(1)
Further Reading	117	(2)
The Development of Social Psychology	119	(15)
Introduction	119	(1)
The Roots of Social Psychology	120	(5)
Attitudes	125	(3)
G.H. Mead (1863--1931)	128	(4)
Conclusions	132	(1)
Further Reading	132	(2)
The Rise of Cognitivism	134	(19)
What Revolution?	134	(2)
Psychological Antecedents of Cognitivism	136	(5)
Antecedents Outside Psychology	141	(4)
The Beginnings of Cognitive Psychology	145	(3)
The Expansion of Cognitivism	148	(2)
Conclusion	150	(1)
Further Reading	151	(2)
Psychology and `Minorities'	153	(17)
Race, Racism and Psychology	154	(6)
Psychology and Women	160	(8)
Further Reading	168	(2)
The Nature and Role of Contemporary Psychology	170	(12)
Academic Psychology	170	(4)
The Role of the Academic Psychologist	174	(4)
Academic and Popular Psychology	178	(1)
Professional Psychology	179	(1)
Summary	180	(1)
Further Reading	181	(1)
Everyday Psychology	182	(17)
The Neglect Of Everyday Psychology	183	(1)
Social Psychology And Everyday Psychology	184	(3)
Folk Psychology	187	(3)
Psychological Language	190	(3)
Everyday Psychology And Scientific Psychology	193	(1)
Popular Psychology	194	(3)
Conclusion	197	(1)
Further Reading	197	(2)
Methodological Issues	199	(17)
Defining a Discipline Through Methods	199	(8)
Statistical and Methodological Misunderstandings	207	(2)
A Failed Defence	209	(1)
Meta-Analysis and Findings Within Psychology	210	(1)
Resisting Change	211	(2)
Conclusions	213	(1)
Further Reading	214	(2)
Cognitive Psychology	216	(19)
The Basis Of Mainstream Cognitive Psychology	216	(3)
Cognitive Psychology And Neuroscience	219	(2)
Computational Modelling	221	(2)
Philosophical Issues	223	(5)
Representation	228	(2)
Ecological Validity And Embodiment	230	(3)
Conclusion	233	(1)
Further Reading	233	(2)
Connectionism	235	(21)
Biological And Artificial Neurones	235	(1)
A Brief History	236	(2)
Semantic Interpretation Of Connectionist Systems	238	(1)
Attractive Properties Of Connectionist Models	239	(2)
Connectionism and Cognitive Science	241	(6)
Connectionism and Cognitive Linguistics	247	(3)
Connectionism and Modelling Intelligence	250	(3)
Connectionism and Symbolic Processing	253	(1)
Conclusion	254	(1)
Further Reading	255	(1)
Social Constructionism	256	(15)
What is a Social Constructionist Psychology?	257	(2)
Volkerpsychologie and Beyond	259	(6)
Varieties of Social Constructionism in Psychology	265	(1)
Is there a limit to Social Constructionism?	266	(3)
Chapter Summary	269	(1)
Conclusion	269	(1)
Further Reading	270	(1)
Conclusions	271	(6)
Review	271	(3)
Psychology as a Science	274	(1)
Our Vision of Psychology	275	(2)
Appendix: Useful Resources	277	(5)
Organizations	277	(1)
Journals	278	(1)
Archives And Museums	279	(1)
On-Line Books	279	(1)
Other Web Resources	279	(1)
Selected Bibliography	280	(2)
References	282	(9)
Index	291