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What is included with this book?
The Combined Volume includes all chapters. Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-16. Volume 2 includes Chapters 14-30.
PrefaceMaps and FiguresSpecial Features
Chapter 1: Origins, to 1200 B.C.E.What do we mean by “the West” and “Western civilization”? Describing the West What Is Civilization?How did early human societies create new technologies and cultural forms? From the First Hominids to the Paleolithic Era Domestication Implications of Agriculture Trade and Cross-Cultural ConnectionsWhat kind of civilization did the Sumerians build in Mesopotamia? Environment and Mesopotamian Development The Invention of Writing and the First Schools Religion in Mesopotamia Sumerian Politics and SocietyHow did the Akkadian and Old Babylonian empires develop in Mesopotamia? The Akkadians and the Babylonians Life Under Hammurabi Cultural Exchange in the Fertile CrescentHow did the Egyptians establish a prosperous and long-lasting society? The Nile and the God-King Egyptian Religion Egyptian Society and Work Egyptian Family Life The Hyksos and New Kingdom Revival Conflict and Cooperation with the HittitesLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEAD Chapter 1 Review
Chapter 2: Small Kingdoms and Mighty Empires in the Near East, 1200–510 B.C.E. How did iron technology shape new states after 1200 B.C.E.? Iron Technology The Decline of Egypt and the Emergence of Kush The Rise of PhoeniciaHow did the Hebrews create an enduring religious tradition? The Hebrew State The Jewish Religion Hebrew Family and SocietyHow did the Assyrians and Neo-Babylonians gain and lose power? Assyria’s Long Road to Power Assyrian Rule and Culture The Neo-Babylonian EmpireHow did the Persians conquer and rule their extensive empire? Consolidation of the Persian Empire Persian Religion Persian Art and CultureLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEAD Chapter 2 Review
Chapter 3: The Development of Greek Society and Culture, ca. 3000–338 B.C.E. How did the geography of Greece shape its earliest kingdoms? Geography and Settlement The Minoans The Mycenaeans Homer, Hesiod, and the EpicWhat was the role of the polis in Greek society? Organization of the Polis Governing Structures Overseas Expansion The Growth of Sparta The Evolution of AthensHow did the wars of the classical period shape Greek history? The Persian Wars Growth of the Athenian Empire The Peloponnesian War The Struggle for Dominance Philip II and Macedonian SupremacyWhat ancient Greek ideas and ideals have had a lasting influence? Athenian Arts in the Age of Pericles Households and Work Gender and Sexuality Public and Personal Religion The Flowering of PhilosophyLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEAD Chapter 3 Review
Chapter 4: Life in the Hellenistic World, 338–30 B.C.E. How and why did Alexander the Great create an empire, and how did it evolve? Military Campaigns The Political LegacyHow did Greek ideas and traditions spread to create a Hellenized society? Urban Life Greeks in Hellenistic Cities Greeks and Non-GreeksWhat characterized the Hellenistic economy? Rural Life Production of Goods CommerceHow did religion, philosophy, and the arts reflect and shape Hellenistic life? Religion and Magic Hellenism and the Jews Philosophy and the People Art and DramaHow did science and medicine serve the needs of Hellenistic society? Science MedicineChapter 4 Review
Chapter 5: The Rise of Rome, ca. 1000–27 B.C.E. How did the Romans become the dominant power in Italy? The Geography of Italy The Etruscans The Founding of Rome The Roman Conquest of ItalyWhat were the key institutions of the Roman Republic? The Roman State Social Conflict in RomeHow did the Romans build a Mediterranean empire? The Punic Wars Rome Turns EastHow did expansion affect Roman society and culture? Roman Families New Social Customs and Greek Influence Opposing Views: Cato the Elder and Scipio AemilianusWhat led to the fall of the Roman Republic? The Countryside and Land Reforms Political Violence Civil War and the Rise of Julius CaesarLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEAD Chapter 5 Review
Chapter 6: The Roman Empire, 27 B.C.E.–284 C.E.How did Augustus and Roman elites create a foundation for the Roman Empire? Augustus and His Allies Roman Expansion Latin Literature Marriage and MoralityHow did the Roman state develop after Augustus? The Julio-Claudians and the Flavians The Nerva-Antonine DynastyWhat was life like in the city of Rome and in the provinces? Life in Imperial Rome Approaches to Urban Problems Popular Entertainment Prosperity in the Roman Provinces Trade and CommerceHow did Christianity grow into a major religious movement? Factors Behind the Rise of Christianity The Life and Teachings of Jesus The Spread of Christianity The Growing Acceptance and Evolution of ChristianityWhat political and economic problems did Rome face in the third century C.E.? Civil Wars and Military Commanders Turmoil in Economic LifeLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADChapter 6 Review
Chapter 7: Late Antiquity, 250–600 How did Diocletian and Constantine try to reform the empire? Political Measures Economic Issues The Acceptance of ChristianityHow did the Christian Church become a major force in the Mediterranean and Europe? The Church and Its Leaders The Development of Christian Monasticism Monastery Life Christianity and Classical Culture Christian Notions of Gender and Sexuality Saint Augustine on Human Nature, Will, and SinWhat were the key characteristics of barbarian society? Village and Family Life Tribes and Hierarchies Customary and Written Law Celtic and Germanic ReligionHow did the barbarian migrations shape Europe? Celtic and Germanic People in Gaul and Britain Visigoths and Huns Germanic Kingdoms and the End of the Roman EmpireHow did the church convert barbarian peoples to Christianity? Missionaries’ Actions The Process of ConversionHow did the Byzantine Empire preserve the legacy of Rome? Sources of Byzantine Strength The Law Code of Justinian Byzantine Learning and Science The Orthodox ChurchLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADChapter 7 Review
Chapter 8: Europe in the Early Middle Ages, 600–1000What were the origins of Islam, and what impact did it have on Europe as it spread? The Culture of the Arabian Peninsula The Prophet Muhammad The Teachings and Expansion of Islam Sunni and Shi’a Divisions Life in Muslim Spain Muslim-Christian Encounters Cross-Cultural Influences in Science and MedicineHow did the Franks build and govern a European empire? The Merovingians The Rise of the Carolingians The Warrior-Ruler Charlemagne Carolingian Government and Society The Imperial Coronation of CharlemagneWhat were the significant intellectual and cultural developments in Charlemagne’s era? The Carolingian Renaissance Northumbrian Learning and WritingHow did the ninth-century invasions and migrations shape Europe? Vikings in Western Europe Slavs and Vikings in Eastern Europe Magyars and MuslimsHow and why did Europe become politically and economically decentralized in this period? Decentralization and the Origins of “Feudalism” Manorialism, Serfdom, and the Slave TradeLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADChapter 8 Review
Chapter 9: State and Church in the High Middle Ages, 1000–1300How did monarchs try to centralize political power? England France Central Europe Italy The Iberian PeninsulaHow did the administration of law evolve in this period? Local Laws and Royal Courts The Magna Carta Law in Everyday LifeWhat were the political and social roles of nobles? Origins and Status of the Nobility Training, Marriage, and Inheritance Power and ResponsibilityHow did the papacy reform the church, and what were the reactions to these efforts? The Gregorian Reforms Emperor Versus Pope Criticism and Heresy The Popes and Church LawWhat roles did monks, nuns, and friars play in medieval society? Monastic Revival Life in Convents and Monasteries The FriarsWhat were the causes, course, and consequences of the Crusades and the broader expansion of Christianity? Background and Motives of the Crusades The Course of the Crusades Consequences of the Crusades The Expansion of Christianity ChristendomLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADChapter 9 Review
Chapter 10: Life in Villages and Cities of the High Middle Ages, 1000–1300What was village life like in medieval Europe? Serfdom and Social Mobility The Manor Work Home Life Childbirth and ChildhoodHow did religion shape everyday life in the High Middle Ages? Christian Life in Medieval Villages Saints and Sacraments Muslims and Jews Rituals of Marriage and Birth Death and the AfterlifeWhat led to Europe’s economic growth and reurbanization? The Rise of Towns Merchant and Craft Guilds The Revival of Long-Distance Trade Business Procedures The Commercial RevolutionWhat was life like in medieval cities? City Life Servants and the Poor Popular EntertainmentHow did universities serve the needs of medieval society? Origins Legal and Medical Training Theology and Philosophy University StudentsHow did literature and architecture express medieval values? Vernacular Literature and Drama Churches and CathedralsLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADChapter 10 Review
Chapter 11: The Later Middle Ages, 1300–1450How did climate change shape the late Middle Ages? Climate Change and Famine Social ConsequencesHow did the plague affect European society? Pathology Spread of the Disease Care of the Sick Economic, Religious, and Cultural EffectsWhat were the causes, course, and consequences of the Hundred Years’ War? Causes English Successes Joan of Arc and France’s Victory AftermathWhy did the church come under increasing criticism? The Babylonian Captivity and Great Schism Critiques, Divisions, and Councils Lay Piety and MysticismWhat explains the social unrest of the late Middle Ages? Peasant Revolts Urban Conflicts Sex in the City Fur-Collar Crime Ethnic Tensions and Restrictions Literacy and Vernacular LiteratureLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADChapter 11 Review
Chapter 12: European Society in the Age of the Renaissance, 1350–1550How did political and economic developments in Italy shape the Renaissance? Trade and Prosperity Communes and Republics of Northern Italy City-States and the Balance of PowerWhat new ideas were associated with the Renaissance? Humanism Education Political Thought Christian Humanism The Printed WordHow did art reflect new Renaissance ideals? Patronage and Power Changing Artistic Styles The Renaissance ArtistWhat were the key social hierarchies in Renaissance Europe? Race and Slavery Wealth and the Nobility Gender RolesHow did nation-states develop in this period? France England SpainLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADChapter 12 Review
Chapter 13: Reformations and Religious Wars, 1500–1600What were the central ideas of the reformers, and why were they appealing to different social groups? The Christian Church in the Early Sixteenth Century Martin Luther Protestant Thought The Appeal of Protestant Ideas The Radical Reformation and the German Peasants’ War Marriage, Sexuality, and the Role of WomenHow did the political situation in Germany shape the course of the Reformation? The Rise of the Habsburg Dynasty Religious Wars in Switzerland and GermanyHow did Protestant ideas and institutions spread beyond German-speaking lands? Scandinavia Henry VIII and the Reformation in England Upholding Protestantism in England Calvinism The Reformation in Eastern EuropeWhat reforms did the Catholic Church make, and how did it respond to Protestant reform movements? Papal Reform and the Council of Trent New and Reformed Religious OrdersWhat were the causes and consequences of religious violence, including riots, wars, and witch-hunts? French Religious Wars The Netherlands Under Charles V The Great European Witch-HuntLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADChapter 13 Review
Chapter 14: European Exploration and Conquest, 1450–1650What was the Afro-Eurasian trading world before Columbus? The Trade World of the Indian Ocean The Trading States of Africa The Middle East Genoese and Venetian MiddlemenHow and why did Europeans undertake ambitious voyages of expansion? Causes of European Expansion Technology and the Rise of Exploration The Portuguese Overseas Empire Spain’s Voyages to the Americas Spain “Discovers” the Pacific Early Exploration by Northern European PowersWhat was the impact of European conquest on the New World? Conquest of the Aztec Empire The Fall of the Incas Portuguese Brazil Colonial Empires of England and France Colonial AdministrationHow did Europe and the world change after Columbus? Economic Exploitation of the Indigenous Population Society in the Colonies Population Loss and the Ecological Impacts of Contact Sugar and Slavery Spanish Silver and Its Economic Effects The Birth of the Global EconomyHow did expansion change European attitudes and beliefs? Religious Conversion European Debates About Indigenous Peoples New Ideas About Race Michel de Montaigne and Cultural Curiosity William Shakespeare and His InfluenceLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADChapter 14 Review
Chapter 15: Absolutism and Constitutionalism, ca. 1589–1725What were the crises and achievements of seventeenth-century European states? The Social Order and Peasant Life Environmental, Economic, and Social Crisis The Thirty Years’ War State-Building and the Growth of Armies Baroque Art and MusicWhat was absolutism, and how did it evolve in western and central Europe? The Decline of Absolutist Spain in the Seventeenth Century The Foundations of French Absolutism Louis XIV and Absolutism Life at Versailles Louis XIV’s Wars The French Economic Policy of MercantilismWhat explains the rise of absolutism in Prussia and Austria? The Return of Serfdom The Austrian Habsburgs Prussia in the Seventeenth Century The Consolidation of Prussian AbsolutismWhat were the distinctive features of Russian and Ottoman absolutism? Mongol Rule in Russia and the Rise of Moscow Building the Russian Empire The Reforms of Peter the Great The Ottoman EmpireWhat were alternatives to absolutism in early modern Europe? The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth The Failure of Absolutism in England The Puritan Protectorate The Restoration of the English Monarchy Constitutional Monarchy The Dutch Republic in the Seventeenth CenturyLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADChapter 15 Review
Chapter 16: Toward a New Worldview, 1540–1789What revolutionary discoveries were made in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries? Contributions from the Muslim World Scientific Thought to 1500 The Copernican Hypothesis Brahe, Kepler, and Galileo: Proving Copernicus Right Newton’s Synthesis Natural History and Empire Magic and AlchemyWhat intellectual and social changes occurred as a result of the Scientific Revolution? The Methods of Science: Bacon and Descartes Medicine, the Body, and Chemistry Science and Religion Science and SocietyHow did the Enlightenment emerge, and what were major currents of Enlightenment thought? The Early Enlightenment The Influence of the Philosophes Enlightenment Movements Across EuropeHow did the Enlightenment change social ideas and practices? Global Contacts Enlightenment Debates About Race Women and the Enlightenment Urban Culture and Life in the Public SphereWhat impact did new ways of thinking have on politics? Frederick the Great of Prussia Catherine the Great of Russia The Austrian Habsburgs Jewish Life and the Limits of Enlightened AbsolutismLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADChapter 16 Review
GlossaryIndexAbout the Authors
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