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Purchase Benefits
What is included with this book?
A lively journey through the story of Western civilization, focusing on societies, cultures, and the lives of both ordinary and extraordinary men and women.
The Combined Volume includes all chapters. Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-16. Volume 2 includes Chapters 14-30.
PrefaceMaps and FiguresSpecial Features
Chapter 14: European Exploration and Conquest, 1450–1650What was the Afro-Eurasian trading world before Columbus? The Trade World of the Indian Ocean The Trading States of Africa The Middle East Genoese and Venetian MiddlemenHow and why did Europeans undertake ambitious voyages of expansion? Causes of European Expansion Technology and the Rise of Exploration The Portuguese Overseas Empire Spain’s Voyages to the Americas Spain “Discovers” the Pacific Early Exploration by Northern European PowersWhat was the impact of European conquest on the New World? Conquest of the Aztec Empire The Fall of the Incas Portuguese Brazil Colonial Empires of England and France Colonial AdministrationHow did Europe and the world change after Columbus? Economic Exploitation of the Indigenous Population Society in the Colonies Population Loss and the Ecological Impacts of Contact Sugar and Slavery Spanish Silver and Its Economic Effects The Birth of the Global EconomyHow did expansion change European attitudes and beliefs? Religious Conversion European Debates About Indigenous Peoples New Ideas About Race Michel de Montaigne and Cultural Curiosity William Shakespeare and His InfluenceLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADChapter 14 Review
Chapter 15: Absolutism and Constitutionalism, ca. 1589–1725What were the crises and achievements of seventeenth-century European states? The Social Order and Peasant Life Environmental, Economic, and Social Crisis The Thirty Years’ War State-Building and the Growth of Armies Baroque Art and MusicWhat was absolutism, and how did it evolve in western and central Europe? The Decline of Absolutist Spain in the Seventeenth Century The Foundations of French Absolutism Louis XIV and Absolutism Life at Versailles Louis XIV’s Wars The French Economic Policy of MercantilismWhat explains the rise of absolutism in Prussia and Austria? The Return of Serfdom The Austrian Habsburgs Prussia in the Seventeenth Century The Consolidation of Prussian AbsolutismWhat were the distinctive features of Russian and Ottoman absolutism? Mongol Rule in Russia and the Rise of Moscow Building the Russian Empire The Reforms of Peter the Great The Ottoman EmpireWhat were alternatives to absolutism in early modern Europe? The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth The Failure of Absolutism in England The Puritan Protectorate The Restoration of the English Monarchy Constitutional Monarchy The Dutch Republic in the Seventeenth CenturyLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADChapter 15 Review
Chapter 16: Toward a New Worldview, 1540–1789What revolutionary discoveries were made in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries? Contributions from the Muslim World Scientific Thought to 1500 The Copernican Hypothesis Brahe, Kepler, and Galileo: Proving Copernicus Right Newton’s Synthesis Natural History and Empire Magic and AlchemyWhat intellectual and social changes occurred as a result of the Scientific Revolution? The Methods of Science: Bacon and Descartes Medicine, the Body, and Chemistry Science and Religion Science and SocietyHow did the Enlightenment emerge, and what were major currents of Enlightenment thought? The Early Enlightenment The Influence of the Philosophes Enlightenment Movements Across EuropeHow did the Enlightenment change social ideas and practices? Global Contacts Enlightenment Debates About Race Women and the Enlightenment Urban Culture and Life in the Public SphereWhat impact did new ways of thinking have on politics? Frederick the Great of Prussia Catherine the Great of Russia The Austrian Habsburgs Jewish Life and the Limits of Enlightened AbsolutismLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADChapter 16 Review
Chapter 17: The Expansion of Europe, 1650–1800Why did European agriculture grow between 1650 and 1800? The Legacy of the Open-Field System New Methods of Agriculture The Leadership of the Low Countries and EnglandWhy did the European population rise dramatically in the eighteenth century? Long-Standing Obstacles to Population Growth The New Pattern of the Eighteenth CenturyHow and why did rural industry intensify in the eighteenth century? The Putting-Out System The Lives of Rural Textile Workers The Industrious RevolutionWhat important changes occurred in economic thought and practice in the eighteenth century? Economic Regulation and the Guilds The Financial Revolution Adam Smith and Economic LiberalismHow did empire and trade shape new economic, cultural, and social developments? Mercantilism and Colonial Competition The Atlantic Economy The Transatlantic Slave Trade Identities and Communities of the Atlantic World The Atlantic Enlightenment Trade and Empire in Asia and the PacificLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADChapter 17 Review
Chapter 18: Life in the Era of Expansion, 1650–1800How did marriage and family life change in the eighteenth century? Late Marriage and Nuclear Families Work Away from Home Contraception and Community Controls New Patterns of Marriage and Illegitimacy Sex on the Margins of SocietyWhat was life like for children, and how did attitudes toward childhood evolve? Child Care and Nursing Foundlings and Infanticide Attitudes Toward Children The Spread of Elementary SchoolsHow did increasing literacy and new patterns of consumption affect people’s lives? Popular Literature Leisure and Recreation New Foods and Appetites Toward a Consumer SocietyWhat role did religion play in eighteenth-century society? Church Hierarchy Protestant Revival Catholic Piety Marginal Beliefs and PracticesHow did the practice of medicine evolve in the eighteenth century? Faith Healing and General Practice Improvements in Surgery Midwifery The Conquest of Smallpox and the Birth of VaccinationLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADChapter 18 Review
Chapter 19: Revolutions in Politics, 1775–1815What were the factors behind the revolutions of the late eighteenth century? Social Change Growing Demands for Liberty and Equality The Seven Years’ WarWhy and how did American colonists forge a new, independent nation? The Origins of the Revolution Independence from Britain Framing the Constitution Limitations of Liberty and EqualityHow did the events of 1789 result in a constitutional monarchy in France? Breakdown of the Old Order The Formation of the National Assembly Popular Uprising and the Rights of Man A Constitutional Monarchy and Its ChallengesWhy and how did the French Revolution take a radical turn? The International Response The Second Revolution and the New Republic Total War and the Terror The Thermidorian Reaction and the DirectoryHow did Napoleon Bonaparte create a French empire, and why did it fail? Napoleon’s Rule of France Napoleon’s Expansion in Europe The Grand Empire and Its EndHow did slave revolt on colonial Saint-Domingue lead to the independent nation of Haiti? Revolutionary Aspirations in Saint-Domingue The Outbreak of Revolt The War of Haitian IndependenceLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADChapter 19 Review
Chapter 20: The Revolution in Energy and Industry, ca. 1780–1850Why and how did the Industrial Revolution emerge in Britain? Why Britain? Technological Innovations and Early Factories The Steam Engine Breakthrough Steam-Powered Transportation Industry and PopulationHow did countries outside Britain respond to the challenge of industrialization? National and International Variations Industrialization in Continental Europe Agents of Industrialization The Global PictureHow did work and daily life evolve during the Industrial Revolution? Work in Early Factories Working Families and Children The New Sexual Division of Labor Living Standards for the Working Class Environmental Impacts of IndustrializationWhat were the social consequences of industrialization? The New Class of Factory Owners Responses to Industrialization The Early British Labor Movement The Impact of SlaveryLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADChapter 20 Review
Chapter 21: Ideologies and Upheavals, 1815–1850How was peace restored and maintained after the Napoleonic Wars? The European Balance of Power Metternich and Conservatism Repressing the Revolutionary Spirit Limits to Conservative Power and Revolution in South AmericaWhat new ideologies emerged to challenge conservatism? Liberalism and the Middle Class The Growing Appeal of Nationalism The First Socialists The Birth of Marxist SocialismWhat were the characteristics of the Romantic movement? The Romantic Worldview Romantic Literature Romanticism in Art and MusicHow did reforms and revolutions challenge conservatism after 1815? The Greek War of Independence Liberal Reform in Great Britain Ireland and the Great Famine The Revolution of 1830 in FranceWhat were the main causes and consequences of the revolutions of 1848? A Democratic Republic in France Revolution and Reaction in the Austrian Empire Prussia, the German Confederation, and the Frankfurt National AssemblyLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADREVIEW & EXPLOREChapter 21 Review
Chapter 22: Life in the Emerging Urban Society, 1840–1914What were the main changes in urban life in the nineteenth century? Industry and the Growth of Cities The Advent of the Public Health Movement The Bacterial Revolution Improvements in Urban Planning Public TransportationHow did class and gender reinforce social difference in the nineteenth century? The Distribution of Income The People and Occupations of the Middle Classes The People and Occupations of the Working Classes Prostitution The Leisure Pursuits of the Working Classes Faith and ReligionHow did urbanization affect family life and gender roles? Lifestyles of the Middle Classes Middle-Class Marriage and Courtship Rituals Middle- and Working-Class Sexuality Separate Spheres and the Importance of Homemaking Child RearingWhat were the most important changes in science and culture? The Triumph of Science in Industry Darwin and Natural Selection The Modern University and the Social Sciences Realism in Art and LiteratureLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADChapter 22 Review
Chapter 23: The Age of Nationalism, 1850–1914What were the main features of the authoritarian nation-state built by Napoleon III? France’s Second Republic Napoleon III’s Second EmpireHow were strong nation-states forged in Italy, Germany, and the United States? The Unification of Italy The Austro-Prussian War Taming the German Parliament The Franco-Prussian War and German UnificationHow did Russian and Ottoman leaders modernize their states and societies? The “Great Reforms” in Russia The Russian Revolution of 1905 Reform and Readjustment in the Ottoman EmpireHow did the relationship between government and the governed change after 1871? The Responsive National State The German Empire Republican France and the Third French Republic Great Britain and Ireland The Austro-Hungarian EmpireWhat were the costs and benefits of nationalism for ordinary people? Making National Citizens The Feminist Movement Nationalism and Racism Jewish Emancipation and Modern Anti-SemitismHow and why did revolutionary Marxism evolve in the late nineteenth century? The Socialist International Labor Unions and the Evolution of Working-Class Radicalism Marxist RevisionismLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADChapter 23 Review
Chapter 24: The West and the World, 1815–1914What were the global consequences of European industrialization? The Rise of Global Inequality The World Market Western Pressures on China Japan and the United States Western Intervention in EgyptHow was massive migration an integral part of Western expansion? The Pressure of Population European Emigration The Immigrant Experience in the United States Asian EmigrationHow did the New Imperialism change Western colonialism? The European Presence in Africa Before 1880 The Berlin Conference and the Scramble for Africa The British in Africa After 1885 Imperialism in Asia Causes of the New Imperialism A “Civilizing Mission” Gender and Empire European Critics of ImperialismHow did non-Westerners respond to Western expansion? Impacts and Patterns of Response The British Empire in India Reforming Japan Toward Revolution in ChinaLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADChapter 24 Review
Chapter 25: War and Revolution, 1914–1919What caused the outbreak of the First World War? Growing International Conflict The Mood of 1914 The July Crisis and the Outbreak of WarHow did the First World War differ from previous wars? Stalemate and Slaughter on the Western Front The Widening War In what ways did the war transform life on the home front? Mobilizing for Total War The Social Impact of Total War Growing Political TensionsWhy did world war lead to a successful Communist revolution in Russia? The Fall of Imperial Russia The Provisional Government Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution Trotsky and the Seizure of Power Dictatorship and Civil WarWhat were the benefits and costs of the postwar peace settlement? The End of the War Revolution in Austria-Hungary and Germany The Treaty of Versailles The Peace Settlement in the Middle East The Human Costs of the War LOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADChapter 25 Review
Chapter 26: Opportunity and Crisis in the Age of Modernity, 1880–1940How did intellectual developments reflect the ambiguities of modernity? Modern Philosophy The Revival of Christianity The New Physics Freudian PsychologyHow did modernism revolutionize Western culture? Architecture and Design New Artistic Movements Twentieth-Century Literature Modern Music How did consumer society change everyday life? Modern Mass Culture The Appeal of Cinema The Arrival of RadioWhat obstacles to lasting peace did European leaders face? Germany and the Western Powers Hope in Foreign Affairs Hope in Democratic GovernmentWhat were the causes and consequences of the Great Depression? The Economic Crisis Mass Unemployment The New Deal in the United States The Scandinavian Response to the Depression Recovery and Reform in Britain and FranceLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADChapter 26 Review
Chapter 27: Dictatorships and the Second World War, 1919–1945What were the most important characteristics of Communist and Fascist ideologies? Conservative Authoritarianism and Radical Totalitarian Dictatorships Communism and Fascism The Spanish Civil WarHow did Stalinism transform state and society in the Soviet Union? From Lenin to Stalin Stalin and the Nationalities Question The Five-Year Plans Life and Culture in Soviet Society The Great Purges and the Great Terror of 1937-38What kind of government did Mussolini establish in Italy? The Seizure of Power The Fascist Regime in ActionWhat policies did Nazi Germany pursue, and why did they appeal to ordinary Germans? The Roots of National Socialism Hitler’s Road to Power State and Society in Nazi Germany Popular Support for National Socialism Aggression and AppeasementWhat explains the success and then defeat of Germany and Japan during World War II? German Victories in Europe Europe Under Nazi Occupation The Holocaust Japanese Empire and the War in the Pacific The Grand Alliance and the “Hinge of Fate” Allied VictoryLOOKING BACK, LOOKING AHEADREVIEW & EXPLOREChapter 27 Review
Chapter 28: Cold War Conflict and Consensus, 1945–1965Why was World War II followed so quickly by the Cold War? The Legacies of the Second World War The Peace Settlement and Cold War Origins West Versus East Big Science in the Nuclear AgeWhat were the sources of postwar recovery and stability in western Europe? The Search for Political and Social Consensus Toward European Unity The Consumer RevolutionWhat was the pattern of postwar development in the Soviet bloc? Postwar Life in the East Bloc Reform and De-Stalinization Foreign Policy and Domestic Rebellion The Limits of ReformHow did decolonization proceed in the Cold War era? Decolonization and the Global Cold War The Struggle for Power in Asia Independence and Conflict in the Middle East Decolonization in AfricaWhat were the key changes in social relations in postwar Europe? Changing Class Structures Patterns of Postwar Migration New Roles for Women Youth Culture and the Generation GapLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADChapter 28 Review
Chapter 29: Challenging the Postwar Order, 1960–1991Why did the postwar consensus of the 1950s break down? Cold War Tensions Thaw The Affluent Society The Counterculture Movement The United States and Vietnam Student Revolts and 1968 The 1960s in the East BlocWhat were the consequences of economic stagnation in the 1970s? Economic Crisis and Hardship The New Conservatism Challenges and Victories for Women The Rise of the Environmental Movement Separatism and Right-Wing ExtremismWhat led to the decline of “developed socialism” in the East Bloc? State and Society in the East Bloc Dissent in Czechoslovakia and Poland From Détente Back to Cold War Gorbachev’s Reforms in the Soviet UnionWhat were the causes and consequences of the 1989 revolutions in the East Bloc? The Collapse of Communism in the East Bloc German Unification and the End of the Cold War The Disintegration of the Soviet UnionLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADChapter 29 Review
Chapter 30: Life in an Age of Globalization, 1990 to the PresentHow did life change in Russia and the former East Bloc countries after 1989? Economic Shock Therapy in Russia Russian Revival Under Vladimir Putin Political Instability and Russian Intervention in the Former Soviet Republics Economic and Political Transformations in the Former East Bloc Civil War in YugoslaviaHow did globalization affect European life and society? The Global Economy The New European Union Supranational Organizations Life in the Age of Social Media The Costs and Consequences of GlobalizationHow is growing ethnic diversity changing contemporary Europe? The Prospect of Population Decline Changing Immigration Flows Toward a Multicultural Continent Europe and Its Muslim PopulationWhat challenges will Europeans face in the coming decades? Growing Strains in U.S.-European Relations Turmoil in the Muslim World The Global Recession and the Viability of the European Union The New Populism The COVID-19 Pandemic Dependence on Fossil Fuels, Climate Change, and Environmental Degradation Promoting Human RightsLOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEADChapter 30 Review
GlossaryIndexAbout the Authors
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