A History of Western Society, Volume A

by McKay, John P.; Crowston, Clare Haru; Wiesner-Hanks, Merry E.; Perry, Joe

• ISBN13: 9781319040413
• ISBN10: 1319040411
• Edition: 12th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2016-09-07
• Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's

Summary

With specific attention placed on everyday life, History of Western Society, Volume A helps make the past real and relevant to today's students, enhancing your insight into history.

Author Biography

John P. McKay (Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley) is professor emeritus at the University of Illinois. He has written or edited numerous works, including the Herbert Baxter Adams Prize-winning book Pioneers for Profit: Foreign Entrepreneurship and Russian Industrialization, 1885-1913.

Clare Haru Crowston (Ph.D., Cornell University) teaches at the University of Illinois, where she is currently associate professor of history. She is the author of Fabricating Women: The Seamstresses of Old Regime France, 1675-1791, which won the Berkshire and Hagley Prizes. She edited two special issues of the Journal of Women's History, has published numerous journal articles and reviews, and is a past president of the Society for French Historical Studies.

Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks (Ph.D., University of Wisconsin-Madison) taught first at Augustana College in Illinois, and since 1985 at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, where she is currently UWM Distinguished Professor in the department of history. She is the coeditor of the Sixteenth Century Journal and the author or editor of more than twenty books, most recently The Marvelous Hairy Girls: The Gonzales Sisters and Their Worlds and Gender in History. She is the former Chief Reader for Advanced Placement World History.

Joe Perry (Ph.D., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) is Associate Professor of modern German and European history at Georgia State University. He has published numerous articles and is author of Christmas in Germany: A Cultural History (2010). His current research interests focus on issues of consumption, gender, and popular culture in West Germany and Western Europe after World War II.

Table of Contents

NOTE: LaunchPad material that does not appear in the print book – including guided reading exercises, author　features, LearningCurve adaptive quizzes, and summative quizzes– has been indicated on this table of contents as shown. Each chapter in LaunchPad also comes with a wealth of additional documents, videos, key terms flashcards, map quizzes, timeline activities, and much more, all of which can be easily integrated and assigned.

Contents
Preface
Versions and Supplements
Maps, Figures, and Tables
Special Features

1 ORIGINS to 1200 b.c.e.
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Understanding Western History
Describing the West
What Is Civilization?
The Earliest Human Societies
From the First Hominids to the Paleolithic Era
Planting Crops
Implications of Agriculture
Trade and Cross-Cultural Connections
Evaluating the Evidence 1.1: Paleolithic Venus Figures
Civilization in Mesopotamia
Environment and Mesopotamian Development
The Invention of Writing and the First Schools
Religion in Mesopotamia
Sumerian Politics and Society
Evaluating the Evidence 1.2: Gilgamesh’s Quest for Immortality
Empires in Mesopotamia
The Akkadians and the Babylonians
Life Under Hammurabi
Cultural Exchange in the Fertile Crescent
The Egyptians
The Nile and the God-King
Egyptian Religion
Egyptian Society and Work
Egyptian Family Life
The Hyksos and New Kingdom Revival
Conflict and Cooperation with the Hittites
Evaluating the Evidence 1.3: Egyptian Home Life
Looking Back / Looking Ahead
Review & Explore
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Living in the Past: The Iceman
Thinking Like a Historian: Addressing the Gods
Mapping the Past: Empires and Migrations in the Eastern Mediterranean
Individuals in Society: Hatshepsut and Nefertiti
Summative Quiz LaunchPad

1. Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 1 LaunchPad
Document 1-1: The Battle Between Marduk and Tiamat (ca. 2000–1000 B.C.E.)
Document 1-2: The Epic of Gilgamesh (ca. 2750 B.C.E.)
Document 1-3: The Code of Hammurabi (ca. 1780 B.C.E.)
Document 1-4: The Egyptian Book of the Dead (ca. 2100–1800 B.C.E.)
Document 1-5: Letters Between a Sumerian King and His Prime Minister (ca. 2000–1700 B.C.E.)
Document 1-6: Akhenaten, The Hymn to Aton (ca. 1350 B.C.E.)
Document 1-7: Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur (ca. 2000 - 1700 B.C.E.)
Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 1

2 Small Kingdoms and Mighty Empires in the Near East
1200–510 b.c.e.
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Iron and the Emergence of New States
Iron Technology
The Decline of Egypt and the Emergence of Kush
The Rise of Phoenicia
Evaluating the Evidence 2.1: The Report of Wenamun
The Hebrews
The Hebrew State
The Jewish Religion
Hebrew Family and Society
Evaluating the Evidence 2.2: A Jewish Family Contract
Assyria, the Military Monarchy
Assyria’s Long Road to Power
Assyrian Rule and Culture
The Neo-Babylonian Empire
Evaluating the Evidence 2.3: Assyrians Besiege a City
The Empire of the Persian Kings
Consolidation of the Persian Empire
Persian Religion
Persian Art and Culture
Review & Explore
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Thinking Like a Historian: The Moral Life
Mapping the Past: The Assyrian and Persian Empires, ca. 1000–500 b.c.e.
Living in the Past: Assyrian Palace Life and Power
Individuals in Society: Cyrus the Great
Summative Quiz LaunchPad

2. Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 2 LaunchPad
Document 2-1: Book of Genesis (ca. 950–450 B.C.E.)
Document 2-2: Exodus and Deuteronomy (ca. 950–450 B.C.E.)
Document 2-3: Assyrian Kings Proclaim Their Greatness (ca. 1220–1070 B.C.E.)
Document 2-4: Cyrus and Persia, Ruling an Empire (ca. 550 B.C.E.)
Document 2-5: Book of Isaiah: Blessings for Cyrus (ca. 550 B.C.E.)
Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 2

3 The Development of Greek Society and Culture
ca. 3000–338 b.c.e.
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Greece in the Bronze Age
Geography and Settlement
The Minoans
The Mycenaeans
Homer, Hesiod, and the Epic
Evaluating the Evidence 3.1: Hesiod, Works and Days
The Development of the Polis in the Archaic Age
Organization of the Polis
Governing Structures
Overseas Expansion
The Growth of Sparta
The Evolution of Athens
War and Turmoil in the Classical Period
The Persian Wars
Growth of the Athenian Empire
The Peloponnesian War
The Struggle for Dominance
Philip II and Macedonian Supremacy
Classical Greek Life and Culture
Athenian Arts in the Age of Pericles
Households and Work
Gender and Sexuality
Public and Personal Religion
The Flowering of Philosophy
Evaluating the Evidence 3.2: The Acropolis of Athens
Evaluating the Evidence 3.3 Sophocles, Antigone
Review & Explore
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Living in the Past: Triremes and Their Crews
Mapping the Past: The Peloponnesian War, 431–404 b.c.e.
Thinking Like a Historian: Gender Roles in Classical Athens
Individuals in Society: Aristophanes00
Summative Quiz LaunchPad

3. Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 3 LaunchPad
Document 3-1: Homer, The Odyssey: Odysseus and the Sirens (ca. 800 B.C.E.)
Document 3-2: Hesiod, Works and Days (ca. 800 B.C.E.)
Document 3-3: Sophocles, Antigone (441 B.C.E.)
Document 3-4: Thucydides, The History of the Peloponnesian War: Pericles’ Funeral Oration (ca. 400 B.C.E.)
Document 3-5: Plato, The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave (ca. 360 B.C.E.)
Document 3-6: Aristotle, Politics: Democracy (ca. 340 B.C.E.)
Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 3

4 Life in the Hellenistic World 336–30 b.c.e.
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Alexander’s Conquests and Their Political Legacy
Military Campaigns
The Political Legacy
Evaluating the Evidence 4.1: Arrian on Alexander the Great
Building a Hellenized Society
Urban Life
Greeks in Hellenistic Cities
Greeks and Non-Greeks
The Economy of the Hellenistic World
Agriculture and Industry
Commerce
Religion and Philosophy in the Hellenistic World
Religion and Magic
Hellenism and the Jews
Philosophy and the People
Evaluating the Evidence 4.2: A Hellenistic Spell of Attraction
Hellenistic Science and Medicine
Science
Medicine
Evaluating the Evidence 4.3: The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
Review & Explore
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Mapping the Past: The Hellenistic World, ca. 263 b.c.e
Living in the Past: Farming in the Hellenistic World
The Past Living Now: Container Shipping
Individuals in Society: Archimedes, Scientist and Inventor
Thinking Like a Historian: Hellenistic Medicine
Summative Quiz LaunchPad

4. Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 4 LaunchPad
Document 4-1: Ephippus of Olynthus, On the Burial of Alexander and Hephaestion: Ephippus of Olynthus Remembers Alexander the Great (ca. 323 B.C.E.)
Document 4-2: Plutarch, Life of Cleomenes III (75 C.E.)
Document 4-3: Diogenes Laertius, The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers: Diogenes of Sinope, the Cynic (ca. 300–200 B.C.E.)
Document 4-4: Epicurus, The Principal Doctrines of Epicureanism (ca. 306 B.C.E.)
Document 4-5: Epictetus, Encheiridion, or The Manual (ca. 100 C.E.)
Document 4-6: Polybius, A Greek Historian Describes Byzantium’s Contribution to Regional Trade (ca. 170–118 B.C.E.)
Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 4

5 The Rise of Rome ca. 1000–27 b.c.e.
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Rome’s Rise to Power
The Geography of Italy
The Etruscans
The Founding of Rome
The Roman Conquest of Italy
Evaluating the Evidence 5.1: The Temple of Hercules Victor
The Roman Republic
The Roman State
Social Conflict in Rome
Roman Expansion
The Punic Wars
Rome Turns East
Roman Society
Roman Families
Greek Influence on Roman Culture
Opposing Views: Cato the Elder and Scipio Aemilianus
Evaluating the Evidence 5.2: A Woman’s Actions in the Turia Inscription
The Late Republic
Reforms for Poor and Landless Citizens
Political Violence
Civil War
Evaluating the Evidence 5.3: Cicero and the Plot to Kill Caesar
Review & Explore
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Mapping the Past: Roman Expansion During the Republic, ca. 282–44 b.c.e.
Living in the Past: Roman Table Manners
Thinking Like a Historian: Land Ownership and Social Conflict in the Late Republic
Individuals in Society: Queen Cleopatra
Summative Quiz LaunchPad

5. Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 5 LaunchPad
Document 5-1: Livy, The Rape of Lucretia (ca. 27–25 B.C.E.)
Document 5-2: A Roman Wedding (ca. 160 c.e.)
Document 5-3: The Law of the Twelve Tables (449 b.c.e.)
Document 5-4: Seneca, The Sounds of a Roman Bath (ca. 50 C.E.)
Document 5-5: Appian of Alexandria, The Civil Wars (ca. 100 C.E.)
Document 5-6: Plutarch, On Julius Caesar, a Man of Unlimited Ambition (ca. 44 B.C.E.)
Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 5

6 The Roman Empire 27 b.c.e.–284 c.e.
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Augustus’s Reign
The Principate
Roman Expansion
The Flowering of Latin Literature
Marriage and Morality
Evaluating the Evidence 6.1: Augustus, Res Gestae
Evaluating the Evidence 6.2: Ovid, The Art of Love
Evaluating the Evidence 6.3: Ara Pacis
Augustus’s Successors
The Julio-Claudians and the Flavians
The Age of the "Five Good Emperors"
Rome and the Provinces
Life in Imperial Rome
Approaches to Urban Problems
Popular Entertainment
Prosperity in the Roman Provinces
Trade and Commerce
The Coming of Christianity
Factors Behind the Rise of Christianity
The Life and Teachings of Jesus
The Spread of Christianity
The Growing Acceptance and Evolution of Christianity
The Empire in Disarray
Civil Wars and Military Commanders
Turmoil in Economic Life
Review & Explore
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Thinking Like a Historian: Army and Empire
Individuals in Society: Pliny the Elder
Living in the Past: Roman Epitaphs: Death Remembers Life
Mapping the Past: Production and Trade in the Pax Romana, ca. 27 b.c.e.–180 c.e.
Summative Quiz LaunchPad

6. Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 6 LaunchPad
Document 6-1: Tacitus, Germania (ca. 100 C.E.)
Document 6-2: Apuleius, The Golden Ass: The Veneration of Isis (ca. 170 C.E.)
Document 6-3: The Gospel According to Matthew: The Sermon on the Mount (28 C.E.)
Document 6-4: Paul of Tarsus, Epistle to the Galatians (ca. 50–60 C.E.)
Document 6-5: The Alexamenos Graffito (ca. 100 C.E.)
Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 6

7 Late Antiquity 250–600
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Reconstruction Under Diocletian and Constantine
Political Measures
Economic Issues
The Acceptance of Christianity
The Growth of the Christian Church
The Church and Its Leaders
The Development of Christian Monasticism
Monastery Life
Christianity and Classical Culture
Christian Notions of Gender and Sexuality
Saint Augustine on Human Nature, Will, and Sin
Barbarian Society
Village and Family Life
Tribes and Hierarchies
Customary and Written Law
Celtic and Germanic Religion
Evaluating the Evidence 7.1: Tacitus on Germanic Society
Migration, Assimilation, and Conflict
Celtic and Germanic People in Gaul and Britain
Visigoths and Huns
Germanic Kingdoms and the End of the Roman Empire
Evaluating the Evidence 7.2: Battle Between Romans and Goths
Christian Missionaries and Conversion
Missionaries’ Actions
The Process of Conversion
Evaluating the Evidence 7.3: Gregory of Tours on the Veneration of Relics
The Byzantine Empire
Sources of Byzantine Strength
The Law Code of Justinian
Byzantine Intellectual Life
The Orthodox Church
Review & Explore
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Thinking Like a Historian: Slavery in Roman and Germanic Society
Mapping the Past: The Barbarian Migrations, ca. 340–500
Living in the Past: The Horses of Spain
Individuals in Society: Theodora of Constantinople
Summative Quiz LaunchPad

7. Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 7 LaunchPad
Document 7-1: Saint Ambrose of Milan, Emperor Theodosius Brought to Heel (390)
Document 7-2: Saint Benedict of Nursia, The Rule of Saint Benedict (529)
Document 7-3: Saint Augustine, City of God: The Two Cities (413–426)
Document 7-4: The Law of the Salian Franks (ca. 500–600)
Document 7-5: Emperor Justinian, The Institutes of Justinian (529–533)
Document 7-6: Procopius of Caesarea, The Secret History (ca. 550)
Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 7

8 Europe in the Early Middle Ages 600–1000
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
The Spread of Islam
The Arabs
The Prophet Muhammad
The Teachings and Expansion of Islam
Sunni and Shi’a Divisions
Life in Muslim Spain
Muslim-Christian Relations
Cross-Cultural Influences in Science and Medicine
Evaluating the Evidence 8.1: The Muslim Conquest of Spain
Frankish Rulers and Their Territories
The Merovingians
The Rise of the Carolingians
The Warrior-Ruler Charlemagne
Carolingian Government and Society
The Imperial Coronation of Charlemagne
Evaluating the Evidence 8.2: The Capitulary de Villis
Early Medieval Culture
The Carolingian Renaissance
Northumbrian Learning and Writing
Evaluating the Evidence 8.3: The Death of Beowulf
Invasions and Migrations
Vikings in Western Europe
Slavs and Vikings in Eastern Europe
Magyars and Muslims
Political and Economic Decentralization
Decentralization and the Origins of "Feudalism"
Manorialism, Serfdom, and the Slave Trade
Review & Explore
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Living in the Past: Muslim Technology: Advances in Papermaking
Individuals in Society: The Venerable Bede
Mapping the Past: Invasions and Migrations of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries
Thinking Like a Historian: Vikings Tell Their Own Story
Summative Quiz LaunchPad

8. Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 8 LaunchPad
Document 8-1: Ibn Abd-El-Hakem, The Conquest of Spain (ca. 870)
Document 8-2: Willibald, Saint Boniface Destroys the Oak of Thor (ca. 750)
Document 8-3: Charlemagne, Capitulary for Saxony (ca. 775–790)
Document 8-4: Charlemagne, General Capitulary for the Missi
Document 8-5: The Song of Roland (ca. 1100–1300)
Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 8

9 State and Church in the High Middle Ages 1000–1300
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Political Revival and the Origins of the Modern State
England
France
Central Europe
Italy
The Iberian Peninsula
Evaluating the Evidence 9.1: Marriage and Wardship in the Norman Exchequer
Law and Justice
Local Laws and Royal Courts
The Magna Carta
Law in Everyday Life
Nobles
Origins and Status of the Nobility
Training, Marriage, and Inheritance
Power and Responsibility
The Papacy
The Gregorian Reforms
Emperor Versus Pope
Criticism and Heresy
The Popes and Church Law
Evaluating the Evidence 9.2: Pope Boniface VIII, Unam Sanctam
Monks, Nuns, and Friars
Monastic Revival
Life in Convents and Monasteries
The Friars
Evaluating the Evidence 9.3: Brother Henry as Composer and Singer
The Crusades and the Expansion of Christianity
Background and Motives of the Crusades
The Course of the Crusades
Consequences of the Crusades
The Expansion of Christianity
Christendom
Review & Explore
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Living in the Past: Life in an English Castle
Individuals in Society: Hildegard of Bingen
Mapping the Past: The Crusades
Thinking Like a Historian: Christian and Muslim Views of the Crusades
Summative Quiz LaunchPad

9. Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 9 LaunchPad
Document 9-1: Duke William of Aquitaine, On the Foundation of Cluny (909)
Document 9-2: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: William the Conqueror and the Domesday Book (1086)
Document 9-3: King John of England, From Magna Carta: The Great Charter of Liberties (1215)
Document 9-4: Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV, Mutual Recriminations: The Investiture Controversy Begins (1076)
Document 9-5: Robert the Monk of Rheims, Urban II at the Council of Clermont (ca. 1120)
Document 9-6: Guibert of Nogent/Anna Comnena, Peter the Hermit and the "People’s Crusade" (ca. 1108–1148)
Document 9-7: Anonymous of Mainz, The Slaughter of the Jews (ca. 1096)
Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 9

10 Life in Villages and Cities of the High Middle Ages 1000–1300
Village Life
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Slavery, Serfdom, and Upward Mobility
The Manor
Work
Home Life
Childbirth and Child Abandonment
Popular Religion
Christian Life in Medieval Villages
Saints and Sacraments
Muslims and Jews
Rituals of Marriage and Birth
Death and the Afterlife
Evaluating the Evidence 10.1: The Pilgrim’s Guide to Santiago de Compostela
Towns and Economic Revival
The Rise of Towns
Merchant and Craft Guilds
The Revival of Long-Distance Trade
Business Procedures
The Commercial Revolution
Urban Life
City Life
Servants and the Poor
Popular Entertainment
Medieval Universities
Origins
Legal and Medical Training
Theology and Philosophy
University Students
Evaluating the Evidence 10.2: Healthy Living
Literature and Architecture
Vernacular Literature and Drama
Churches and Cathedrals
Evaluating the Evidence 10.3: Courtly Love Poetry
Review & Explore
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Thinking Like a Historian: Social and Economic Relations in Medieval English Villages
Living in the Past: Child’s Play
Mapping the Past: European Population Density, ca. 1300
Individuals in Society: Francesco Datini
The Past Living Now: University Life
Summative Quiz LaunchPad

10. Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 10 LaunchPad
Document 10-1: Manorial Records of Bernehorne (1307)
Document 10-2: On Laborers: A Dialogue Between Teacher and Student (ca. 1000)
Document 10-3: The Charter of the Laon Commune (ca. 1100–1120)
Document 10-4: The Ordinances of London’s Leatherworkers (1346)
Document 10-5: The Commune of Florence, A Sumptuary Law: Restrictions on Dress (1373)
Document 10-6: Saint Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica: Proof of the Existence of God (1268)
Document 10-7: Jacques de Vitry, The Virgin Mary Saves a Monk and His Lover (ca. 1200)
Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 10

11 The Later Middle Ages 1300–1450
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Prelude to Disaster
Climate Change and Famine
Social Consequences
The Black Death
Pathology
Spread of the Disease
Care of the Sick
Economic, Religious, and Cultural Effects
Evaluating the Evidence 11.1: Dance of Death
The Hundred Years’ War
Causes
English Successes
Joan of Arc and France’s Victory
Aftermath
Evaluating the Evidence 11.2: The Trial of Joan of Arc
Challenges to the Church
The Babylonian Captivity and Great Schism
Critiques, Divisions, and Councils
Lay Piety and Mysticism
Social Unrest in a Changing Society
Peasant Revolts
Urban Conflicts
Sex in the City
Fur-Collar Crime
Ethnic Tensions and Restrictions
Literacy and Vernacular Literature
Evaluating the Evidence 11.3: Christine de Pizan, Advice to the Wives of Artisans
Review & Explore
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Mapping the Past: The Course of the Black Death in Fourteenth-Century Europe
Living in the Past: Treating the Plague
Individuals in Society: Meister Eckhart
Thinking Like a Historian: Popular Revolts in the Late Middle Ages
Summative Quiz LaunchPad

11. Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 11 LaunchPad
Document 11-1: Giovanni Boccaccio, The Decameron: The Plague Hits Florence (ca. 1350)
Document 11-2: Angelo di Tura, Sienese Chronicle (1348–1351)
Document 11-3: The Anonimalle Chronicle: The English Peasants’ Revolt (1381)
Document 11-4: Petrarca-Meister, The Social Order (ca. 1515)
Document 11-5: Catherine of Siena, Letter to Gregory XI (1372)
Document 11-6: The Debate Over Joan of Arc’s Clothes (1429)
Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 11

12 European Society in the Age of the Renaissance 1350–1550
Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPad
Wealth and Power in Renaissance Italy
Trade and Prosperity
Communes and Republics of Northern Italy
City-States and the Balance of Power
Evaluating the Evidence 12.1: A Sermon of Savonarola
Intellectual Change
Humanism
Education
Political Thought
Christian Humanism
The Printed Word
Evaluating the Evidence 12.2: Thomas More, Utopia
Art and the Artist
Patronage and Power
Changing Artistic Style
The Renaissance Artist
Social Hierarchies
Race and Slavery
Wealth and the Nobility
Gender Roles
Politics and the State in Western Europe
France
England
Spain
Evaluating the Evidence 12.3: A Gold Coin of Ferdinand and Isabella
Review & Explore
LearningCurve LaunchPad
Thinking Like a Historian: Humanist Learning
Mapping the Past: The Growth of Printing in Europe, 1448–1552
Individuals in Society: Leonardo da Vinci
Living in the Past: Male Clothing and Masculinity
Summative Quiz LaunchPad

12. Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 12 LaunchPad
Document 12-1: Petrarch, Letter to Livy (1350)
Document 12-2: Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince (1513)
Document 12-3: Baldassare Castiglione, The Book of the Courtier (1528)
Document 12-4: Desiderius Erasmus, The Education of a Christian Prince (1404)
Document 12-5: Christine de Pizan, The Book of the City of Ladies: Against Those Men Who Claim It Is Not Good for Women to Be Educated (1404)
Document 12-6: Artemisia Gentileschi, Susannah and the Elders (1610)
Document 12-7: Artemisia Gentileschi, Judith and Holofernes (1610)
Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 12