A History of World Societies, Volume 2

by Wiesner-Hanks, Merry E.; Buckley Ebrey, Patricia; Beck, Roger B.; Davila, Jerry; Crowston, Clare Haru; McKay, John P.

• ISBN13: 9781319302467
• ISBN10: 1319302467
• eBook ISBN(s): 9781319302481
• Additional ISBN(s): 9780230394391
• Edition: 12th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2020-09-16
• Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's

About This Book

A History of World Societies, Volume 2

ISBN: 9781319302467

A History of World Societies, Volume 2 is a comprehensive textbook designed for students of world history. This 12th edition, written by Clare Haru Crowston, Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks, John P. McKay, Patricia Buckley Ebrey, Roger B. Beck, and Jerry Davila, provides a regional approach to global history that is both engaging and straightforward.

Who Uses It?

Primarily, this book is used by students and instructors in world history courses at the college and university levels. It is also a valuable resource for anyone interested in understanding the complexities of global societies and cultures, including professionals looking to expand their knowledge of historical contexts.

History and Editions

The 12th edition of A History of World Societies, Volume 2 has been updated to address user feedback, incorporating the latest research and discussions on global interactions and societal developments. This edition includes detailed updates on historical events, cultural influences, and economic trade networks. It also features a wealth of examples and case studies that help students see how individual stories have shaped global history.

Author and Other Works

Clare Haru Crowston is known for her expertise in social history and her ability to weave complex narratives into engaging stories. Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks brings a deep understanding of global interactions and cultural exchanges. John P. McKay, Patricia Buckley Ebrey, Roger B. Beck, and Jerry Davila contribute their specialized knowledge in various regions of the world, ensuring that the text remains current and relevant.

Key Features

• Regional Approach: The book provides a regional approach to global history, making it easier for students to understand complex historical events.
• Social History Focus: By focusing on social history, students see how individual stories have affected the arc of global history.
• LearningCurve: Enhanced by LearningCurve, an easy-to-use adaptive learning system that ensures students come to class prepared.
• Interactive Tools: The book is complemented by digital tools like Achieve and LaunchPad, which offer interactive features and study resources.

Detailed Information

ISBNs and Formats

• Paperback: ISBN-13: 9781319302467
• E-book: ISBN-13: 9781319302481
• Bound Text: ISBN-13: 9781319559168
• Package Includes E-book and E-book: ISBN-13: 9781319385514
• Package Includes Paperback and Paperback: ISBN-13: Not specified

Rental Options

• Rent for 3 months: Retail: $66.99, Rent until 09/09/2025[3]
• Rent for 4 months: Retail: $75.99[3]

Publication Details

• Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's
• Publication Date: 2020
• Number of Pages: 704
• Language: English

Other Editions and Formats

• Combined Volume includes all chapters[2]
• Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-16[2]
• Volume 2 includes Chapters 16-33[2]

Related ISBNs:

• ISBN-13 for E-book: 9781319302481
• ISBN-13 for Bound Text: 9781319559168
• ISBN-13 for Package Includes E-book and E-book: 9781319385514

This detailed information section provides a quick reference for all the available formats and sources for A History of World Societies, Volume 2, making it easier to find and access the book in the preferred format.

Table of Contents

The Combined Volume includes all chapters.

Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-16.

Volume 2 includes Chapters 16-33.

Preface

Versions and Supplements

Maps, Figures, and Tables

Special Features

16

The Acceleration of Global Contact

1450–1600

The Afro-Eurasian Trade World

The Trade World of the Indian Ocean • Peoples and Cultures of Southeast Asia • Muslim Influences and African Trade • Genoese and Venetian Middlemen

The European Voyages of Discovery

Causes of European Expansion • Technology and the Rise of Exploration • The Portuguese in Africa and Asia • Spain’s Voyages to the Americas • Spain Discovers the Pacific • Early Exploration by Northern European Powers

Conquest and Settlement

Spanish Conquest of the Aztec and Inca Empires • Portuguese Brazil • Colonial Administration • Economic Exploitation of the Indigenous Population • Patterns of Settlement

The Era of Global Contact

Population Loss and the Ecological Impacts of Contact • Sugar and Early Transatlantic Slavery • Spanish Silver and Its Economic Effects • The Birth of the Global Economy

Changing Attitudes and Beliefs

Religious Conversion • European Debates About Indigenous Peoples • New Ideas About Race

Chapter Summary

MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD

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Primary Source Features

Analyze Written Evidence Columbus Describes His First Voyage

Analyze Visual Evidence Depictions of Africans in European Portraiture

Think Like a Historian Who Was Doña Marina?

Compare Viewpoints Aztec and Spanish Views on Christian Conversion in New Spain

Individuals in Society Catarina de San Juan, Former Slave and Popular Saint

17

The Islamic World Powers

1300–1800

The Islamic Empires: The Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals

Environmental Challenges • The Expansion of the Ottoman Empire • Land-Holding, Slavery and Imperial Administrations • The Safavid Empire in Persia • The Mughal Empire in India

Religious Developments

Religious Legitimacy and Orthodoxy • Sufism • Non-Muslims Under Muslim Rule

Cultural Flowering

The Arts • City and Palace Building • Gardens • Intellectual Advances

New Patterns of Trade and European Penetration

New Forms of Consumption • The Impact of Gunpowder • European Trade in Asia and the Islamic Powers’ Response • From the British East India Company to the British Empire in India

Political Decline

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features

Analyze Written Evidence Katib Chelebi on Tobacco

Analyze Visual Evidence Coffee Drinking

Think Like a Historian Forced Relocation of Armenians to Persia

Compare Viewpoints Mughal and French Views on Priorities for Monarchs

Individuals in Society Hürrem, Concubine, Empress, and Counselor

18

European Power and Expansion

1500–1750

The Protestant and Catholic Reformations

The Protestant Reformation • The Catholic Reformation • Religious Violence

Seventeenth-Century Crisis and Rebuilding

The Social Order and Peasant Life • Environmental, Economic, and Social Crisis • The Thirty Years’ War • European Achievements in State-Building

Absolutist States in Western and Central Europe

Spain • The Foundations of French Absolutism • Louis XIV and Absolutism • The Wars of Louis XIV • The Absolutist Palace • The Austrian Habsburgs

Alternatives to Absolutism

The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth • The Failure of Absolutism in England • The Puritan Protectorate • Constitutional Monarchy • The Dutch Republic

Colonial Expansion and Empire

The Dutch Trading Empire • Colonial Empires of England and France • Mercantilism and Colonial Wars • People Beyond Borders

The Russian Empire

Mongol Rule in Russia and the Rise of Moscow • Building the Russian Empire • Peter the Great and Russia’s Turn to the West

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features

Analyze Written Evidence Peter the Great and Foreign Experts

Analyze Visual Evidence Genre Painting: Celebrating Daily Life

Think Like a Historian What Was Absolutism?

Compare Viewpoints Descriptions of Louis XIV of France and the Kangxi Emperor of China

Individuals in Society Glückel of Hameln, Mother and Businesswoman

19

New Worldviews and Ways of Life

1540–1790

The Scientific Revolution

The Muslim Contribution • Scientific Thought to 1550 • Astronomy and Physics • Newton’s Synthesis • Natural History and Empire • Magic and Alchemy

Important Changes in Scientific Thinking and Practice

The Methods of Science • Medicine, the Body, and Chemistry • Science and Religion • Science and Society

The Rise and Spread of Enlightenment

The Early Enlightenment • The Influence of the Philosophes • Enlightenment Movements Across Europe

Key Issues of Enlightenment Debate

Global Contacts • New Definitions of Race • Women and the Enlightenment • Enlightened Absolutism and Its Limits

Economic Change and the Atlantic World

Economic and Demographic Change • The Atlantic Economy • Urban Life and the Public Sphere • Culture and Community in the Atlantic World • The Atlantic Enlightenment

Chapter Summary

Connections, LOOK AHEAD

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Primary Source Features

Analyze Written Evidence Denis Diderot, Supplement to Bougainville’s Voyage

Analyze Visual Evidence Frontispiece to De On the Structure of the Human Body

Think Like a Historian The Enlightenment Debate on Religious Tolerance

Compare Viewpoints Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Mary Wollstonecraft on Women’s Nature

Individuals in Society Rebecca Protten, Mixed-Race Missionary

20

Africa and the World

1400–1800

West Africa in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries

The West Coast: Senegambia and Benin • The Sudan: Songhai, Kanem-Bornu, and Hausaland • Agriculture, Gender, and Marriage in West Africa • Trade and Industry

Cross-Cultural Encounters Along the East African Coast

Muslim and European Incursions in Ethiopia, ca. 1500–1630 • The Swahili City-States and the Arrival of the Portuguese, ca. 1500–1600

The African Slave Trade

The Institution of Slavery in Africa • The Transatlantic Slave Trade • Impact on African Societies

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features

Analyze Written Evidence Duarte Barbosa on the Swahili City-States

Analyze Visual Evidence Lamu Old Town, Lamu Island, Kenya

Think Like a Historian Perspectives on the African Slave Trade

Compare Viewpoints European Descriptions of Timbuktu and Jenne

Individuals in Society Olaudah Equiano, Slave to Abolitionist

21

Continuity and Change in East Asia

1400–1800

Ming China, 1368–1644

The Rise of Zhu Yuanzhang and the Founding of the Ming Dynasty • Problems with the Imperial Institution • The Mongols and the Great Wall • The Examination Life • Everyday Life in Ming China • Ming Decline

The Manchus and Qing China, to 1800

The Rise of the Manchus • Competent and Long-Lived Emperors • Imperial Expansion

Japan’s Middle Ages, ca. 1400–1600

Muromachi Culture • Civil War • The Victors: Nobunaga and Hideyoshi

The Tokugawa Shogunate, to 1800

Tokugawa Government • Commercialization and the Growth of Towns • The Life of the People in the Edo Period

Maritime Trade, Piracy, and the Entry of Europe into the Asian Maritime Sphere

Zheng He’s Voyages • Piracy and Japan’s Overseas Adventures • Europeans Enter the Scene • Christian Missionaries • Learning from the West • The Shifting International Environment in the Eighteenth Century

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features

Analyze Written Evidence Control of Locusts

Analyze Visual Evience Interior View of a Kabuki Theater

Think Like a Historian Attention to Dress in Edo Japan

Compare Viewpoints Chinese and European Commentators on Urban Amusements

Individuals in Society Tan Yunxian, Woman Doctor

22

Revolutions in the Atlantic World

1775–1825

Background to Revolution

Social Change • Demands for Liberty and Equality • The Seven Years’ War

The American Revolutionary Era, 1775–1789

The Origins of the Revolution • Independence from Britain • Framing the Constitution • Limitations of Liberty and Equality

Revolution in France, 1789–1799

Breakdown of the Old Order • The National Assembly • Constitutional Monarchy • The National Convention • The Directory

Napoleon’s Europe, 1799–1815

Napoleon’s Rule of France • Napoleon’s Expansion in Europe • The Grand Empire and Its End

The Haitian Revolution, 1791–1804

Revolutionary Aspirations in Saint-Domingue • The Outbreak of Revolt • The War of Haitian Independence

Revolutions in Latin America

The Origins of the Revolutions Against Colonial Powers • Resistance, Rebellion, and Independence • The Aftermath of Revolution in the Atlantic World

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features

Analyze Written Evidence Abigail Adams, Remember the Ladies

Analyze Visual Evidence Francisco Goya, The Third of May 1808

Think Like a Historian The Rights of Which Men?

Compare Viewpoints Declarations of Independence: The United States and Venezuela

Individuals in Society Vincent Ogé, Free Man of Color and Revolutionary

23

The Revolution in Energy and Industry

1760–1850

The Industrial Revolution in Britain

Why Britain? • Technological Innovations and Early Factories • Steam Power and the Energy Revolution • Breakthrough • Steam-Powered Transportation • Industry and Population

Industrialization in Europe and the World

National and International Variations • Industrialization in Continental Europe • Agents of Industrialization • The Global Picture

New Patterns of Working and Living

Work in Early Factories • Working Families and Children • The Sexual Division of Labor • Living Standards for the Working Class • Environmental Impacts of Industrialization

Relations Between Capital and Labor

The New Class of Factory Owners • Responses to Industrialization • The Early Labor Movement in Britain • The Impact of Slavery

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features

Analyze Written Evidence The Experience of Child Labor

Analyze Visual Evidence Rain, Steam and Speed –– the Great Western Railway

Think Like a Historian Making the Industrialized Worker

Compare Viewpoints Indian Cotton Manufacturers

Individuals in Society Samuel Crompton, Inventor and Unsuccessful Entrepreneur

24

Ideologies of Change in Europe

1815–1914

A Conservative Peace Gives Way to Radical Ideas

The Political and Social Situation After 1815 • Conservatism After 1815 • Liberalism and the Middle Class • The Growing Appeal of Nationalism • The Birth of Socialism

Reforms and Revolutions, 1815–1850

Social and Economic Conflict • Liberal Reform in Great Britain • Revolutions in France •

The Revolutions of 1848 in Central Europe

Nation Building in Italy, Germany, and Russia

Cavour, Garibaldi, and the Unification of Italy • Bismarck and German Unification • The Modernization of Russia

Urban Life in the Age of Ideologies

Improving the Urban Environment • Social Inequality and Class • The Changing Family • Science for the Masses • Cultural Shifts

Nationalism and Socialism, 1871–1914

Trends in Suffrage • The German Empire • Republican France • Great Britain and the Austro-Hungarian Empire • Jewish Emancipation and Modern Anti-Semitism • The Socialist Movement

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features

Analyze Written Evidence Stefan Zweig on Middle-Class Youth and Sexuality

Analyze Visual Evidence The Triumph of Democratic Republics

Think Like a Historian The Promise of Electricity

Compare Viewpoints German and Italian Views on Nationalism

Individuals in Society George Sand, Novelist Who Defied Gender Roles

25

Africa, the Ottoman Empire, and the New Imperialism

1800–1914

Africa: From the Slave Trade to European Colonial Rule

Trade and Social Change • Islamic Revival and Expansion in Africa • The Scramble for Africa, 1880–1914 • Southern Africa in the Nineteenth Century • Colonialism’s Impact After 1900

The New Imperialism, 1880–1914

Causes of the New Imperialism • A Civilizing Mission • Critics of Imperialism • African and Asian Resistance

The Islamic Heartland Under Pressure

Decline and Reform in the Ottoman Empire • Egypt: From Reform to British Occupation •

The Expanding World Economy

The Rise of Global Inequality • The World Market

The Great Global Migration

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features

Analyze Written Evidence A French Leader Defends Imperialism

Analyze Visual Evidence Pears’ Soap Advertisement

Think Like a Historian African Views of the Scramble for Africa

Compare Viewpoints The Congo Free State

Individuals in Society Tippu Tip, Afro-Arab Slave Trader and Diplomat

26

Asia and the Pacific in the Era of Imperialism

1800–1914

India and the British Empire in Asia

The Evolution of British Rule • The Socioeconomic Effects of British Rule • The British and the Indian Educated Elite

Competition for Southeast Asia

The Dutch East Indies • Mainland Southeast Asia • The Philippines

China Under Pressure

The Opium War • Internal Problems • The Self-Strengthening Movement • Republican Revolution

Japan’s Rapid Transformation

The Opening of Japan • The Meiji Restoration • Industrialization • Japan as an Imperial Power

The Pacific Region and the Movement of People

Settler Colonies in the Pacific: Australia and New Zealand • Asian Emigration

The Countries of Asia in Comparative Perspective

The Impact of Foreign Domination • Environmental and Economic Forces

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features

Analyze Written Evidence Fukuzawa Yukichi, Escape from Asia

Analyze Visual Evidence Japan’s First Skyscraper

Think Like a Historian English-Language Education for Indians

Compare Viewpoints Chinese and British Efforts to Reduce Infant Deaths

Individuals in Society José Rizal, Filipino Polymath and Revolutionary

27

The Americas in the Age of Liberalism

1810–1917

New Nations

Liberalism and Caudillos in Spanish America • Mexico and the United States • Liberal Reform in Mexico • Brazil: A New World Monarchy

Slavery and Abolition

Slave Societies in the Americas • Independence and Abolition • Abolition in Cuba and Brazil

Export-Led Growth and Social Unrest

Latin America Re-enters the World Economy • The Porfiriato and Liberal Stability in Mexico • The Mexican Revolution

Immigration

Immigration to Latin America • Immigration to the United States • Immigration to Canada • Settler Colonialism and its Impacts

A New American Empire

U.S. Intervention in Latin America • The Spanish-American War • The Panama Canal

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features

Analyze Written Evidence Reyita Castillo Bueno on Slavery and Freedom in Cuba

Analyze Visual Evidence Slaves Sold South from Richmond, 1853

Think Like a Historian The Abolition of Slavery in Brazil, from Above and Below

Compare Viewpoints Perspectives on the Mexican-American War

Individuals in Society Henry Meiggs, Promoter and Speculator

28

World War and Revolution

1914–1929

The First World War, 1914–1918

Origins and Causes of the Great War • The Outbreak of War • Stalemate and Slaughter • The War Becomes Global

The Home Front

Mobilizing for Total War • The Social Impact of War • Growing Political Tensions

The Russian Revolution

The Fall of Imperial Russia • The Provisional Government • Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution • Dictatorship and Civil War

The War’s Consequences

The End of the War • The Paris Peace Treaties • American Rejection of the Versailles Treaty

The Search for Peace and Political Stability, 1919–1929

Germany and the Western Powers • Hope in Foreign Affairs • Hope in Democratic Government

The Age of Anxiety

Uncertainty in Philosophy and Religion • The New Physics • Freudian Psychology • Twentieth-Century Literature • Modern Architecture, Art, and Music • Movies and Radio

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features

Analyze Written Evidence The Experience of War

Analyze Visual Evidence Never Forget!

Think Like a Historian Russian Views of War and Revolution

Compare Viewpoints British and Canadian Poetry of the Great War

Individuals in Society Vera Brittain, Author, Feminist, Pacifist

29

Nationalism in Asia

1914–1939

The First World War’s Impact on Nationalist Trends

Asian Reaction to the War in Europe • The Mandates System • Nationalism’s Appeal

Nationalist Movements in the Middle East

The Arab Revolt • The Turkish Revolution • Modernization Efforts in Persia and Afghanistan • Gradual Independence in the Arab States • Arab-Jewish Tensions in Palestine

Toward Self-Rule in India

British Promises and Repression • The Roots of Militant Nonviolence • Gandhi’s Resistance Campaign in India

Nationalist Struggles in East and Southeast Asia

The Rise of Nationalist China • China’s Intellectual Revolution • From Liberalism to Ultranationalism in Japan • Japan Against China • Striving for Independence in Southeast Asia

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features

Analyze Written Evidence Resolution of the General Syrian Congress at Damascus

Analyze Visual Evidence The Fate of a Chinese Patriot

Think Like a Historian Interpreting the May Fourth Movement

Compare Viewpoints Gandhi and Mao on Revolutionary Means

Individuals in Society Ning Lao, a Chinese Working Woman

30

The Great Depression and World War II

1929–1945

The Great Depression, 1929–1939

The Economic Crisis • Mass Unemployment • The New Deal in the United States • The European Response to the Depression • Worldwide Effects

Authoritarian States

Conservative Authoritarianism • Radical Totalitarian Dictatorships

Stalin’s Soviet Union

From Lenin to Stalin • The Five-Year Plans • Life and Culture in Soviet Society • Stalinist Terror and the Great Purges

Mussolini and Fascism in Italy

The Seizure of Power • The Regime in Action

Hitler and Nazism in Germany

The Roots of Nazism • Hitler’s Road to Power • The Nazi State and Society • Hitler’s Popularity • Aggression and Appeasement, 1933–1939

The Second World War, 1939–1945

Hitler’s Empire in Europe, 1939–1942 • The Holocaust • Japan’s Asian Empire • The Grand Alliance • The War in Europe, 1942–1945 • The War in the Pacific, 1942–1945

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features

Analyze Written Evidence Ultranationalist Pamphlet for Japanese Students

Analyze Visual Evidence British Conservative Party Poster

Think Like a Historian Peasant Resistance to Stalin’s Collectivization Plan

Compare Viewpoints Socialism and the Working Class

Individuals in Society Primo Levi, Writer and Holocaust Survivor

31

Decolonization, Revolution, and the Cold War

1945–1968

The World Remade

The Cold War • The United Nations • The Politics of Liberation • Dependency and Development Theories • Interpreting the Postcolonial Experience

Nation Building in South Asia and the Middle East

Independence in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh • Arab Socialism in the Middle East • The Arab-Israeli Conflict

Revolution and Resurgence in East and Southeast Asia

The Communist Victory in China • Conflict in Korea • Japan’s American Reconstruction • The Vietnam War

Decolonization in Africa

The Growth of African Nationalism • Ghana Shows the Way • Countries Emerging from French Rule

Populist and Revolutionary Pathways in Latin America

Economic Nationalism in Mexico • Populism in Argentina and Brazil • Communist Revolution in Cuba

The Limits of Postwar Prosperity

The Soviet Union Struggles to Move Beyond Stalin • Postwar Challenges in Western Europe and the United States • The World in 1968

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features

Analyze Written Evidence C. L. R. James on Pan-African Liberation

Analyze Visual Evidence Poster Art in Communist China

Think Like a Historian Global Perspectives on the Vietnam War

Compare Viewpoints U.S. and Latin American Views on Development

Individuals in Society Nawal El Saadawi, Public Health Advocate in Egypt

32

Liberalization and Liberation

1968–2000s

Oil Shocks and Liberalization

The OPEC Oil Embargo • Mexico Under the PRI • Nigeria, Africa’s Giant • The Camp David Accords and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict • Revolution and War in Iran and Iraq

Latin America: Dictatorship, Debt, and Democratization

Civil Wars in Central America • Boom and Bust in Chile • The Dirty War in Argentina • Development and Dictatorship in Brazil

Gender, Race and Liberation

Gay Liberation • Second-Wave and Third World Feminism • Pan-Africanism, Black Power and the African Diaspora

Resistance to White Rule in Southern Africa

Portuguese Decolonization and Rhodesia • South Africa Under Apartheid • Political Change in Africa Since 1990

Growth and Development in Asia

Japan’s Economic Miracle and the Emergence of the Asian Tigers • China’s Economic Resurgence • Development Versus Democracy in India and Pakistan

The End of the Cold War

The Limits of Reform in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe • Recasting Russia Without Communism • Integration and Reform in Europe

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features

Analyze Written Evidence A Member of China’s Red Guards on Democratic Reform

Analyze Visual Evidence Tiananmen Square

Think Like a Historian The Struggle for Freedom in South Africa

Compare Viewpoints Women’s Rights as Human Rights in Iran and the United States

Individuals in Society Anani Dzidzienvo, Scholar of the African Diaspora

33

The Contemporary World in Historical Perspective

The Neoliberal World and Its Limits

Al-Qaeda and Afghanistan • Conflict and Change in the Middle East • Right Wing Nationalism Re-emerges

Global Circulation and Exchange

Migration • Urbanization • Multinational Corporations

Social Movements

Children: The Right to Childhood • Women’s Right to Equality • LGBTQ Challenges • Environmentalism

Global Climate Change

Causes of Global Warming and Responses to It • Historical Experiences with Climate and Environmental Change • Automobility • Global Energy Reliance • Intensified Agriculture and the Green Revolution • Impacts of Climate Change

Chapter Summary

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Primary Source Features

Analyze Written Evidence A Brazilian Band on Globalization

Analyze Visual Evidence A Generational Movement on Climate

Think Like a Historian The Relationships Between People and Epidemics

Compare Viewpoints Women Activists in Chiapas, Mexico

Individuals in