Hitting First

by Keller, William W.

• ISBN13: 9780822959366
• ISBN10: 0822959364
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-09-30
• Publisher: Univ of Pittsburgh Pr

Summary

The U.S. war in Iraq was not only an intelligence failure-it was a failure in democratic discourse. Hitting Firstoffers a critical analysis of the political dialogue leading up to the American embrace of preventive war as national policy and as the rationale for the invasion and occupation of Iraq. Taking as its point of departure the important distinction between preemptive and preventive war, the contributors examine how the rhetoric of policy makers conflated these two very different concepts until the public could no longer effectively distinguish between a war of necessity and a war of choice. Although the book focuses on recent events,Hitting First takes into consideration the broader historical, ethical, and legal context of current American policies. Precedents are examined for preventive military action based on conventional as well as nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons threats. The authors also consider recent examples of the rhetoric of "humanitarian intervention," which have tended to undermine traditional notions of national sovereignty, making purportedly "morally justifiable" actions easier to entertain. Intelligence gathering and its use, manipulation, and distortion to suit policy agendas are also analyzed, as are the realities of the application of military force, military requirements to sustain a policy of preventive war, and post-conflict reconstruction. Hitting Firstpresents a timely and essential view of the lessons learned from the failures of the Iraqi conflict, and offers a framework for avoiding future policy breakdowns through a process of deliberative public and governmental debate within a free market of ideas. The critiques and prescriptions offered here provide a unique and valuable perspective on the challenges of formulating and conduct of national security policy while sustaining the principles and institutions of American democracy. This collection will appeal to students and scholars of American foreign policy, international relations, political communication, and ethics.

Author Biography

William W. Keller is Wesley W. Posvar Professor of International Security Studies and director of the Matthew B. Ridgeway Center for International Security Studies at the University of Pittsburgh.
Gordon R. Mitchell is associate professor of communication and director of debate at the University of Pittsburgh.

Table of Contents

Abbreviations	vii
PART 1: HISTORICAL CONTEXT
1. Preemption, Prevention, Prevarication	3	(24)
WILLIAM W. KELLER AND GORDON R. MITCHELL
2. Preventive Attacks against Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Weapons Programs: The Track Record	27	(18)
DAN REITER
3. The Curious Case of Kofi Annan, George W. Bush, and the "Preemptive" Military Force Doctrine	45	(25)
SIMON REICH
4. By "Any Measures" Necessary: NSC-68 and Cold War Roots of the 2002 National Security Strategy	70	(23)
GORDON R. MITCHELL AND ROBERT P. NEWMAN
PART 2: PUBLIC DISCOURSE JUSTIFYING USE OF PREVENTIVE FORCE
5. Strategic Doctrine, Public Debate, and the Terror War	93	(22)
G. THOMAS GOODNIGHT
6. Deliberate before Striking First?	115	(22)
RODGER A. PAYNE
7. On Justifying the First Blow	137	(16)
TOM ROCKMORE
PART 3: FROM BOARDROOM TO BATTLEFIELD
8. Intelligence in Preventive Military Strategy	153	(22)
GREG THIELMANN
9. Military Capabilities in Preventive Military Strategy	175	(24)
PETER DOMBROWSKI
10. A Sheep in Wolf's Clothing? France's Struggle with Preventive Force	199	(18)
JACQUES E.C. HYMANS
PART 4: OUTLOOK
11. Promoting Practical Alternatives to Preventive Force in the Wake of Operation Iraqi Freedom	217	(22)
WILLIAM HARTUNG
12. Preventive Force: Untangling the Discourse	239	(26)
WILLIAM W. KELLER AND GORDON R. MITCHELL
Notes	265	(50)
References	315	(32)
Contributors	347	(4)
Index	351