The HIV Pandemic Local and Global Implications

by Beck, Eduard J.; Mays, Nicholas; Whiteside, Alan W; Zuniga, José M

• ISBN13: 9780198528432
• ISBN10: 0198528434
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-07-06
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

As we approach the 25th anniversary of the first recognition of HIV/AIDS in 1981, this book reflects on the international impact of the disease. It has persistently remained a global issue, with more than 50 million people worldwide estimated to have been infected since that date. Thisambitious book, written by 165 authors from 30 countries, offers a multi-country comparative study that examines how the response to the common, global threat of HIV is shaped by the history, culture, institutions and health systems of the individual countries affected.Increasingly the shift of health systems has been from prevention only as the main containment strategy, to a strategy that includes scaling up HIV treatment, and care and prevention services, including antiretroviral therapy. Thus, all parts of the health system must be involved; policy makers,healthcare professionals and users of the services have been forced to think differently about how services are financed, how resources are allocated, how systems are structured and organized, how services are delivered to patients, and how the resulting activity is monitored and evaluated in orderto improve the effectiveness, efficiency, equity and acceptability of the response.This book is unique in attempting to describe and assess a range of responses across the globe by situating them within the characteristics of each country and its health system. Most chapters combine a health policy expert with an HIV specialist, allowing both a 'top down' health system approachand a 'bottom up' HIV-specific perspective. There are thematic and analytical sections, which provide an overview and some suggestions for solutions to the most serious outstanding issues, and chapters which analyse specific country and organisational responses. There is no perfect health system,but the evidence provided here allows the sharing of knowledge, and a opportunity to assess the impact and reactions, to an epidemic that must be considered a long term issue.

Author Biography

Alan W Whiteside is an elected Member of Governing Council of the International AIDS Society, a member of the Governing Council of Waterford Kamhlaba College, and one of the Commissioners of the UN Commission on HIV/AIDS and Governance in Africa. He has written the forthcoming OUP book HIV/AIDS: A Very Short Introduction. Nicholas Mays has served as Director of Health Services Research at the King's Fund, the UK's leading independent health policy and management foundation. He has also acted as principal adviser in the Social Policy Branch of the New Zealand Treasury. Professor Mays is editor of the Journal of Health Services Research and Policy, published by the Royal Society of Medicine Press. Eduard Beck has recently taken up a post in the HIV Department of the World Health Organisation in Geneva.

Table of Contents

Foreword	v
Peter Piot
Preface and Acknowledgements	vii
About the Editors	xv
List of Contributors	xvii
List of Figures, Tables and Boxes	xxvii
Glossary	xxxvii
Section I The Pandemic
The HIV pandemic and health systems: an introduction	3	(18)
EJ Beck
N Mays
The evolving HIV pandemic	21	(15)
CA Hankins
KA Stanecki
PD Ghys
H Marais
Social and economic impact of the HIV pandemic	36	(14)
T Quinlan
A Whiteside
Determinants of the HIV pandemic in developing countries	50	(17)
E Stillwaggon
Section II Prevention, Treatment and Care: Advances in Knowledge
HIV prevention programmes: an overview	67	(19)
SA Strathdee
M-L Newell
FI Bastos
TL Patterson
Antiretroviral treatment and care of HIV	86	(19)
Joep MA Lange
HIV vaccines: development and future use	105	(12)
J Esparza
M-L Chang
HD Gayle
Ethical issues and HAART	117	(17)
N Gilmore
Legal and human rights implications	134	(12)
D Patterson
L Forman
Strategic information for HIV programmes	146	(18)
PR DeLay
N Massoud
DL Rugg
KA Stanecki
M Carael
The contribution of cost-effectiveness analysis	164	(17)
G Harling
L Soderstrom
Section III Country Responses
Africa
Botswana	181	(17)
L Lush
E Darkoh
SL Ramotlhwa
Ethiopia	198	(17)
Y Kitaw
D Haile Mariam
A Demissie
D Wolday
T Messele
E Aberra
T Belay
A Kassa
Nigeria	215	(13)
A Ogundiran
BS Fatunmbi
BT Costantinos
Senegal	228	(12)
C Simms
P Salif Sow
E Sy
South Africa	240	(15)
D McCoy
R Wood
L Dudley
P Barron
Uganda	255	(15)
JO Parkhurst
F Ssengooba
D Serwadda
Asia
Cambodia	270	(12)
G Morineau
MH van Pelt
F Bourdier
RC Wolf
China	282	(18)
Ma Shao-Jun
S Hillier
Kong-Lai Zhang
JJ Shen
Lu Fan
Liu Min
Jin Cheng-Gang
India	300	(17)
R Priya
N Kumarasamy
I Qadeer
AK Ganesh
S Solomon
SM Crowe
Indonesia	317	(16)
S Gunawan
S Kosen
C Simms
The Philippines	333	(15)
OT Monzon
RE Poblete
Thailand	348	(16)
V Tangcharoensathien
W Phoolcharoen
S Thanprasertsuk
C Suraratdecha
The Caribbean
Barbados	364	(15)
ER Walrond
TC Roach
Cuba	379	(14)
MI Lantero Abreu
J Waller
JJ Joanes Fiol
J Perez Avila
R Torres Pena
M Santin Pena
R Ochoa Soto
G Estevez Torres
Haiti	393	(11)
A Augustin
DW Fitzgerald
JW Pape
Jamaica	404	(12)
R Carr
JP Figueroa
PR Carr
Latin America
Argentina	416	(13)
G Hamilton
C Falistocco
P Cahn
C Zala
Brazil	429	(18)
ML Petersen
C Travassos
FI Bastos
MA Hacker
EJ Beck
J Carvalho de Noronha
Costa Rica	447	(13)
J Salas Martinez
I Salom Echeverria
Europe
France	460	(16)
YA Flori
C Moty-Monnereau
E Patouillard
F Dabis
R Salomon
Italy	476	(12)
F Taroni
G France
AN Tramarin
E Conti
A Donatini
FA Compostella
Russian Federation	488	(14)
J Stachowiak
AN Peryshkina
S Lessof
Spain	502	(12)
J Castilla
I Noguer
JR Repullo
Ukraine	514	(15)
V Lekhan
V Rudiy
E Nolte
J Jacobi
L Andrushchak
A Shcherbinska
Y Kruglov
The United Kingdom	529	(16)
J Imrie
S Dougan
K Gray
MW Adler
AM Johnson
BG Evans
BS Peters
North America
Canada	545	(19)
MLA Rusch
V Alfonso
CA Hankins
JSG Montaner
M O'Shaughnessy
RS Hogg
Mexico	564	(13)
JA Izazola-Licea
C Avila-Figueroa
S Gomez-Fraga
The United States of America	577	(16)
B Fetter
DH Morgan
J Levi
Section IV Global and National Responses
The UN response to the HIV pandemic	593	(14)
E van Praag
KL Dehne
V Chandra-Mouli
Donor, lender and research agencies' response to the HIV crisis	607	(18)
C Simms
Financing HIV: the roles of international financial institutions	625	(17)
MA Lewis
SA Stout
Fiscal and macroeconomic aspects of the HIV pandemic	642	(18)
M Haacker
Trade, intellectual property and access to affordable HIV medications	660	(14)
J Fleet
B N'Daw
Country-level public---private partnerships for successful HIV treatment programmes	674	(14)
J Bos
O Schellekens
AC de Groot
Developing human resources for the HIV pandemic	688	(18)
N Dreesch
MR Dal Poz
G Gedik
O Adams
TG Evans
The contribution of civil society	706	(14)
JM Zuniga
The role of community involvement in HIV programmes in South Africa	720	(17)
RA Roberts
A Hickey
Z Rosner
Section V Strengthening the Response
Responding effectively to the HIV pandemic	737	(20)
CA Hankins
C Fontaine
M Sidibe
Some lessons learned	757
EJ Beck
N Mays