Holding Up More Than Half the Sky

by Bao, Xiaolan; Daniels, Roger

• ISBN13: 9780252026317
• ISBN10: 0252026314
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-07-01
• Publisher: Univ of Illinois Pr

Summary

In 1982, twenty thousand Chinese-American garment workers-mostly women--went on strike in New York's Chinatown and forced every Chinese garment industry employer in the city to sign a union contract. In this pioneering study, Xiaolan Bao penetrates to the heart of Chinese-American society to explain how this militancy and organized protest, seemingly so at odds with traditional Chinese female behavior, came about.Bao conducted more than a hundred interviews, primarily with Chinese immigrant women who were working or had worked in the Chinatown garment shops and garment-related institutions in the city. Blending these poignant, often dramatic personal stories with a detailed history of the garment industry, Chinese immigrant labor, and the Chinese community in New York, Bao shows how the high rate of married women participating in wage-earning labor outside the home profoundly transformed family culture and with it the image and empowerment of Chinese-American women.Bao offers a complex and subtle discussion of the interplay of ethnic and class factors within the garment industry in New York City. She examines the exploitative paternalism, rooted in ethnic social and economic structures, by which operators sustained low wages and marginal working conditions. She also documents the uneasy relationship between the ILGWU and rank-and-file women garment workers whose claim to direct representation was essentially ignored by union leadership. Through the words of the women workers themselves, Bao shows how their changing positions within their families and within the workplace galvanized them to unite and stand up for themselves. Passionately told and prodigiously documented, 3Holding Up More Than Half the Sky is an important contribution to Asian-American history, labor history, and the history of women.

Table of Contents

Foreword	ix
Roger Daniels
Acknowledgments	xi
A Note on Interviews and Transliterations	xv
Introduction	1	(14)
PART 1: THE MILIEU
The Vicissitudes of New York City's Garment Industry: A Brief History	15	(12)
The Garment Workers: Gender, Race, and Class in the City's Garment Industry	27	(16)
The Growth of the Chinatown Garment Industry	43	(30)
PART 2: CHINESE WOMEN WORKERS BEFORE: 1982
New York's Chinese Working-Class Families during the Exclusion Era	73	(16)
The Transformation of New York's Chinese Working-Class Families after World War II	89	(21)
Women in the Chinatown Garment Industry	110	(33)
Chinese Women Workers and the ILGWU	143	(30)
PART 3: THE 1982 STRIKE AND ITS IMPACT
Winds of Change: Preconditions of the Strike	173	(24)
The 1982 Strike	197	(16)
Continuing the Struggle, 1982-92	213	(32)
Conclusion	245	(8)
Epilogue	253	(2)
Glossary	255	(6)
Notes	261	(44)
Bibliography	305	(20)
Index	325