Holt Environmental Science

by Arms, Karen

• ISBN13: 9780030390739
• ISBN10: 0030390737
• Edition: Student
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-06-01
• Publisher: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt School

Table of Contents

Safety Symbols	vxii
To the Student	xx
How to Use This Book	xxii
UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Science and the Environment	4	(26)
Section 1 Understanding Our Environment	5	(11)
Section 2 The Environment and Society	16	(14)
Chapter Highlights and Review	22	(4)
Exploration Lab What's in an Ecosystem?	26	(2)
Feature Article Chicken of the Trees	28	(608)
Standardized Test Prep	636
Tools of Environmental Science	30	(28)
Section 1 Scientific Methods	31	(7)
Section 2 Statistics and Models	38	(7)
Section 3 Making Informed Decisions	45	(13)
Chapter Highlights and Review	50	(4)
Skills Practice Lab Scientific Investigations	54	(2)
Maps in Action A Topographic Map of Keene, New Hampshire	56	(1)
Feature Article Bats and Bridges	57	(581)
Standardized Test Prep	638
The Dynamic Earth	58	(34)
Section 1 The Geosphere	59	(8)
Section 2 The Atmosphere	67	(6)
Section 3 The Hydrosphere and Biosphere	73	(19)
Chapter Highlights and Review	82	(4)
Exploration Lab Beaches	86	(2)
Maps in Action Earthquake Hazard Map of the Contiguous United States	88	(1)
Feature Article Tracking Ocean Currents with Toy Ducks	89	(551)
Standardized Test Prep	640
UNIT 2 ECOLOGY
The Organization of Life	92	(24)
Section 1 Ecosystems: Everything Is Connected	93	(4)
Section 2 Evolution	97	(5)
Section 3 The Diversity of Living Things	102	(14)
Chapter Highlights and Review	108	(4)
Inquiry Lab How Do Brine Shrimp Select a Habitat?	112	(2)
Feature Article Butterfly Ecologist	114	(528)
Standardized Test Prep	642
How Ecosystems Work	116	(26)
Section 1 Energy Flow in Ecosystems	117	(7)
Section 2 The Cycling of Materials	124	(5)
Section 3 How Ecosystems Change	129	(13)
Chapter Highlights and Review	134	(4)
Exploration Lab Dissecting Owl Pellets	138	(2)
Maps in Action Doppler Radar Tracking of Bats and Insects in Central Texas	140	(1)
Feature Article Eating the Bait	141	(503)
Standardized Test Prep	644
Biomes	142	(30)
Section 1 What Is a Biome?	143	(3)
Section 2 Forest Biomes	146	(9)
Section 3 Grassland, Desert, and Tundra Biomes	155	(17)
Chapter Highlights and Review	164	(4)
Exploration Lab Identify Your Local Biome	168	(2)
Feature Article The Future of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge	170	(476)
Standardized Test Prep	646
Aquatic Ecosystems	172	(24)
Section 1 Freshwater Ecosystems	173	(6)
Section 2 Marine Ecosystems	179	(17)
Chapter Highlights and Review	186	(4)
Skills Practice Lab Eutrophication: Too Much of a Good Thing?	190	(2)
Maps in Action Wetlands in the United States, 1780s Vs. 1980s	192	(1)
Feature Article Creating Artificial Reefs	193	(455)
Standardized Test Prep	648
UNIT 3 POPULATIONS
Understanding Populations	196	(22)
Section 1 How Populations Change in Size	197	(6)
Section 2 How Species Interact with Each Other	203	(15)
Chapter Highlights and Review	210	(4)
Skills Practice Lab Studying Population Growth	214	(2)
Feature Article Where Should the Wolves Roam?	216	(434)
Standardized Test Prep	650
The Human Population	218	(22)
Section 1 Studying Human Populations	219	(6)
Section 2 Changing Population Trends	225	(15)
Chapter Highlights and Review	232	(4)
Skills Practice Lab How Will Our Population Grow?	236	(2)
Maps in Action Fertility Rates and Female Literacy in Africa	238	(1)
Feature Article Lost Populations: What Happened?	239	(413)
Standardized Test Prep	652
Biodiversity	240	(28)
Section 1 What Is Biodiversity?	241	(4)
Section 2 Biodiversity at Risk	245	(7)
Section 3 The Future of Biodiversity	252	(16)
Chapter Highlights and Review	258	(4)
Exploration Lab Difference in Diversity	262	(2)
Feature Article Dr. E.O. Wilson: Champion of Biodiversity	264	(390)
Standardized Test Prep	654
UNIT 4 WATER, AIR, AND LAND
Water	268	(34)
Section 1 Water Resources	269	(7)
Section 2 Water Use and Management	276	(8)
Section 3 Water Pollution	284	(18)
Chapter Highlights and Review	294	(4)
Exploration Lab Groundwater Filters	298	(2)
Feature Article The Three Gorges Dam	300	(356)
Standardized Test Prep	656
Air	302	(24)
Section 1 What Causes Air Pollution?	303	(6)
Section 2 Air, Noise, and Light Pollution	309	(5)
Section 3 Acid Precipitation	314	(12)
Chapter Highlights and Review	318	(4)
Inquiry Lab The Acid Test	322	(2)
Maps in Action Light Sources	324	(1)
Feature Article The Donora, Pennsylvania, Killer Smog	325	(333)
Standardized Test Prep	658
Atmosphere and Climate Change	326	(28)
Section 1 Climate and Climate Change	327	(8)
Section 2 The Ozone Shield	335	(4)
Section 3 Global Warming	339	(15)
Chapter Highlights and Review	346	(4)
Inquiry Lab Build a Model of Global Air Movement	350	(2)
Feature Article Ozone Scientist	352	(308)
Standardized Test Prep	660
Land	354	(24)
Section 1 How We Use Land	355	(3)
Section 2 Urban Land Use	358	(5)
Section 3 Land Management and Conservation	363	(15)
Chapter Highlights and Review	370	(4)
Inquiry Lab Creating a Land-Use Model	374	(2)
Feature Article Restoring the Range	376	(286)
Standardized Test Prep	662
Food and Agriculture	378	(32)
Section 1 Feeding the World	379	(5)
Section 2 Crops and Soil	384	(11)
Section 3 Animals and Agriculture	395	(15)
Chapter Highlights and Review	400	(4)
Inquiry Lab Managing the Moisture in Garden Soil	404	(2)
Feature Article Genetically Engineered Foods	406	(258)
Standardized Test Prep	664
UNIT 5 MINERAL AND ENERGY RESOURCES
Mining and Mineral Resources	410	(24)
Section 1 Minerals and Mineral Resources	411	(4)
Section 2 Mineral Exploration and Mining	415	(6)
Section 3 Mining Regulations and Mine Reclamation	421	(13)
Chapter Highlights and Review	426	(4)
Skills Practice Lab Extraction of Copper from Its Ore	430	(2)
Maps in Action Mineral Production in the United States	432	(1)
Feature Article Coltan and the War in the Congo	433	(233)
Standardized Test Prep	666
Nonrenewable Energy	434	(22)
Section 1 Energy Resources and Fossil Fuels	435	(9)
Section 2 Nuclear Energy	444	(12)
Chapter Highlights and Review	448	(4)
Skills Practice Lab Your Household Energy Consumption	452	(2)
Maps in Action Nuclear Power in the United States, 1950-2002	454	(1)
Feature Article From Crude Oil to Plastics	455	(213)
Standardized Test Prep	668
Renewable Energy	456	(24)
Section 1 Renewable Energy Today	457	(9)
Section 2 Alternative Energy and Conservation	466	(14)
Chapter Highlights and Review	472	(4)
Inquiry Lab Blowing in the Wind	476	(2)
Maps in Action Wind Power in the United States	478	(1)
Feature Article Back to Muscle Power and Springs	479	(191)
Standardized Test Prep	670
Waste	480	(30)
Section 1 Solid Waste	481	(7)
Section 2 Reducing Solid Waste	488	(5)
Section 3 Hazardous Waste	493	(17)
Chapter Highlights and Review	500	(4)
Skills Practice Lab Solid Waste in Your Lunch	504	(2)
Feature Article Should Nuclear Waste Be Stored at Yucca Mountain?	506	(166)
Standardized Test Prep	672
UNIT 6 OUR HEALTH AND OUR FUTURE
The Environment and Human Health	510	(22)
Section 1 Pollution and Human Health	511	(8)
Section 2 Biological Hazards	519	(13)
Chapter Highlights and Review	524	(4)
Skills Practice Lab Lead Poisoning and Mental Ability	528	(2)
Maps in Action Lyme Disease Risk	530	(1)
Feature Article Toxic Mold	531	(143)
Standardized Test Prep	674
Economics, Policy, and the Future	532	(166)
Section 1 Economics and International Cooperation	533	(6)
Section 2 Environmental Policies in the United States	539	(5)
Section 3 The Importance of the Individual	544	(13)
Chapter Highlights and Review	548	(4)
Inquiry Lab Be an Environmental Scientist	552	(2)
Feature Article Student Club Saves Eagles and More	554	(122)
Standardized Test Prep	676
APPENDIX
Appendix Contents	557	(1)
Lab Safety	558	(4)
Reading and Study Skills	562	(15)
Math Skills Refresher	577	(6)
Chemistry Refresher	583	(2)
Periodic Table	584	(1)
Economics Concepts	585	(2)
Environmental Careers	587	(14)
Ecoskills	601	(16)
SI Conversions	617	(1)
Mineral Uses	618	(2)
Maps	620	(16)
Standardized Test Prep	636	(42)
English Glossary	678	(9)
Spanish Glossary	687	(11)
Index	698	(12)
Acknowledgments	710