Houghton Mifflin Science Discovery Works

by Badders, William; Bethel, Lowell J.; Fu, Victoria; Peck, Donald; Sumners, Carolyn; Valentino, Catherine

• ISBN13: 9780395986813
• ISBN10: 0395986818
• Edition: Student
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-06-01
• Publisher: Houghton Mifflin School

Table of Contents

THINK LIKE A SCIENTIST
How to Think Like a Scientist	S2
Practice Thinking Like a Scientist	S4
Using Science Process Skills	S10
Reading to Learn	S12
Safety	S14
UNIT A Systems in Living Things
THINK LIKE A SCIENTIST BREATHING SPACE	A2
CHAPTER 1 Life Processes	A4
Investigation 1 What Is a Living Thing?	A6
Activity: Alive or Not?	A6
Activity: Observing Plant Cells	A8
Resource: It's Alive!	A10
Resource: Cells-The Building Blocks of Life	A12
Investigation 2 How Do the Parts of a Plant Help It Meet Its Needs?	A14
Activity: Take It Apart	A14
Resource: Roots and Stems	A16
Resource: Leaves	A19
Resource: Energy Traps	A21
Resource: Plant Responses	A24
Investigation 3 How Do the Parts of an Animal Help It Meet Its Needs?	A26
Activity: Come and Get It	A26
Resource: Staying Alive!	A28
Reflect and Evaluate	A31
CHAPTER 2 Digestion and Respiration	A32
Investigation 1 How Does the Digestive System Work?	A34
Activity: Sink Your Teeth Into This	A34
Activity: How Sweet It Is	A36
Resource: How Digestion Starts	A38
Resource: How Digestion Ends	A42
Investigation 2 How Does the Respiratory System Work?	A44
Activity: Breathing Rates	A44
Activity: Lung Power	A45
Resource: Breathing Basics	A46
Resource: Exchanging Gases	A48
Reflect and Evaluate	A51
CHAPTER 3 Circulation and Excretion	A52
Investigation 1 How Does the Circulatory System Work?	A54
Activity: Squeeze Play!	A54
Activity: In a Heartbeat	A55
Resource: The Circulatory System	A56
Resource: Ancient Blood Transfusions	A58
Investigation 2 How Does the Excretory System Work?	A60
Activity: Peering at Pores	A60
Activity: Your Watery Body	A61
Resource: The Excretory System	A62
Resource: Copse Bumps	A65
Reflect and Evaluate	A67
CHAPTER 4 Life Cycles	A68
Investigation 1 What Are the Stages in an Animal's Life Cycle?	A70
Activity: Life Cycle of a Brine Shrimp	A70
Resource: The Human Life Cycle	A72
Resource: The Life Cycle of an Insect	A74
Resource: Vertebrate Life Cycles	A76
Investigation 2 What Are the Stages in a Plant's Life Cycle?	A80
Activity: The Secret of a Seed	A80
Activity: It's Just a Stage	A82
Resource: From Flower to Fruit	A84
Resource: The Story of a Flowering Tree	A86
Resource: The Life of a Bristlecone Pine	A88
Resource: Growing Plants Without Seeds	A90
Resource: Life Cycle of a Cone Plant	A91
Reflect and Evaluate	A93
Using Reading Skills	A94
Using Math Skills	A95
Unit Wrap-up!	A96
UNIT B The Solar System and Beyond
THINK LIKE A SCIENTIST A COMET'S TALE	B2
CHAPTER 1 Exploring the Night Sky	B4
Investigation 1 What Can You See in the Night Sky?	B6
Activity: Constellation in a Can	B6
Activity: Making a Planisphere	B8
Resource: Star Patterns in the Sky	B10
Resource: Why the Stars Appear to Move	B12
Resource: Moving Bears of the Native Americans	B15
Resource: Wanderers in the Night Sky	B16
Investigation 2 How Do Astronomers Learn About Space?	B18
Activity: Making a Telescopic Camera	B18
Activity: Mining for Meteorites	B20
Resource: Telescopes	B21
Resource: Comets and Meteors	B24
Reflect and Evaluate	B27
CHAPTER 2 The Solar System	B28
Investigation 1 What Is the Solar System Made of?	B30
Activity: When to Go Planet Watching	B30
Activity: Comparing Planetary Distances	B32
Resource: Earth's Neighborhood-The Solar System	B34
Resource: Ptolemy Was Right-and Wrong!	B36
Resource: Birth of the Universe	B38
Resource: Mission to Mars!	B40
Investigation 2 How Do the Planets Differ?	B42
Activity: Measuring Planet Sizes	B42
Resource: The Inner Planets	B44
Resource: The Outer Planets	B47
Reflect and Evaluate	B51
CHAPTER 3 Stars and Galaxies	B52
Investigation 1 What Are Stars, and How Do They Differ?	B54
Activity: Capturing Colors	B54
Activity: How Big Is Betelgeuse?	B55
Resource: How Stars Differ	B56
Investigation 2 How Far Away Are the Stars?	B58
Activity: Star Light, Star Bright	B58
Resource: Measuring Distances in Space	B60
Investigation 3 What Is the Life Cycle of a Star?	B62
Activity: Studying Nebulas	B62
Resource: The Life Cycle of a Star	B64
Investigation 4 What Are Galaxies, and How Do They Differ?	B68
Activity: Classifying Galaxies	B68
Resource: The Milky Way and Other Galaxies	B70
Reflect and Evaluate	B73
CHAPTER 4 Living in Space	B74
Investigation 1 What Is It Like to Travel in Space?	B76
Activity: Free Falling	B76
Activity: Eating and Drinking in Space	B78
Resource: Living in Free Fall	B79
Investigation 2 How Do Humans Survive in Space?	B82
Activity: Survival on the Moon	B82
Resource: International Space Station	B84
Investigation 3 Is There Other Life in the Universe?	B86
Activity: A Postcard From Earth	B86
Resource: Messages to the Stars	B88
Resource: The Search for Intelligent Life	B90
Reflect and Evaluate	B93
Using Reading Skills	B94
Using Math Skills	B95
Unit Wrap-up!	B96
UNIT C Matter and Energy
THINK LIKE A SCIENTIST FROZEN FORTRESS	C2
CHAPTER 1 Describing Matter	C4
Investigation 1 How Can You Describe Matter?	C6
Activity: All Materials Matter	C6
Activity: Heat Conductors	C8
Activity: Electrical Conductors	C9
Resource: Is It Matter or Energy?	C10
Resource: Properties of Matter	C12
Investigation 2 What Is Matter Like?	C16
Activity: All Mixed Up	C16
Activity: Small and Smaller	C18
Resource: States of Matter	C20
Resource: It's Elementary	C22
Resource: Compounds and Mixtures	C26
Resource: Solutions	C28
Reflect and Evaluate	C31
CHAPTER 2 Energy and Change	C32
Investigation 1 What Are Some Different Forms of Energy?	C34
Activity: It's a Stretch	C34
Activity: Electricity to Go	C36
Resource: Forms of Energy	C37
Resource: Energy Transfer	C39
Investigation 2 How Can Energy Change?	C42
Activity: To Bounce or Not to Bounce	C42
Activity: Roller Coaster Energy	C44
Resource: Energy Changes	C46
Resource: Green Plants: Energy Factories	C50
Investigation 3 How Can Matter Change?	C52
Activity: Change This	C52
Resources: The Story of Nuclear Energy	C54
Resources: The Same Stuff	C56
Resources: Different Stuff	C58
Reflect and Evaluate	C61
Using Reading Skills	C62
Using Math Skills	C63
Unit Wrap-up!	C64
UNIT D Populations and Ecosystems
THINK LIKE A SCIENTIST BLOOMING DESERT	D2
CHAPTER 1 Living Things and Environments	D4
Investigation 1 What Is an Ecosystem?	D6
Activity: A Local Ecosystem	D6
Resources: The Nature of an Ecosystem	D8
Investigation 2 How Are Living Things in an Ecosystem Related?	D12
Activity: A Meal Fit for an Owl	D12
Activity: Lunch Time?	D13
Resource: The Sun: Life's Energy Supply	D16
Resource: What's to Eat?	D16
Resource: Eat or Be Eaten	D18
Reflect and Evaluate	D21
CHAPTER 2 Energy and Matter in Ecosystems	D22
Investigation 1 How Does Energy Flow in an Ecosystem?	D24
Activity: Energy in a Pond	D24
Activity: Weave a Food Web!	D26
Resource: The Cycle of Food	D27
Investigation 2 How Is Matter Cycled in an Ecosystem?	D30
Activity: Where's All the Water?	D30
Activity: Every Breath You Take	D31
Resource: The Carbon Dioxide-Oxygen Cycle	D32
Resource: The Water Cycle	D34
Resource: Recycling Waste Water	D36
Resource: The Nitrogen Cycle	D39
Reflect and Evaluate	D41
CHAPTER 3 Different Kinds of Ecosystems	D42
Investigation 1 How Do Earth's Major Ecosystems Differ?	D44
Activity: Make a Mini-Biome!	D44
Resource: Earth's Biomes	D46
Resource: Water Ecosystems	D50
Investigation 2 What Is Biodiversity, and How Is It Changing?	D54
Activity: Vanishing Species	D54
Resource: Variety in Ecosystems	D56
Resource: The Challenge of Biodiversity	D59
Reflect and Evaluate	D61
Using Reading Skills	D62
Using Math Skills	D63
Unit Wrap-up!	D64
UNIT E The Solid Earth
THINK LIKE A SCIENTIST COOL CAVERN	E2
CHAPTER 1 Minerals	E4
Investigation 1 How Can You Identify Minerals?	E6
Activity: The Way Minerals Look	E6
Activity: Scratching Minerals	E8
Activity: Minerals That Break Funny	E10
Activity: Name That Mineral	E11
Resource: Mineral Properties	E12
Resource: Identifying Minerals	E17
Resource: Diamonds	E20
Investigation 2 What Are Minerals Used For?	E22
Activity: Growing Crystals	E22
Resource: Quartz: A Versatile Mineral	E24
Resource: How Iron Becomes Steel	E27
Resource: A World of Minerals	E30
Reflect and Evaluate	E33
CHAPTER 2 Rocks	E34
Investigation 1 How Are Rocks Classified?	E36
Activity: Sort of Rocky	E36
Activity: The Rock Key	E38
Resource: Igneous Rocks: A Hot Item	E40
Resource: Sedimentary Rocks: Rocks From Pieces	E43
Resource: Metamorphic Rocks: A Change of Identity	E47
Investigation 2 How Do the Properties of Rocks Make Them Useful?	E50
Activity: Comparing Properties of Rocks	E50
Resource: Rock Quarries	E52
Resource: A Ton of Bricks!	E54
Investigation 3 How Do Rocks Change Over Time?	E56
Activity: 'Round and 'Round She Goes	E56
Resource: Fossil Fuels	E58
Resource: Rocks in Circles	E60
Reflect and Evaluate	E63
CHAPTER 3 Earth's Structures	E64
Investigation What Is Earth's Structure?	E66
Activity: A Model Earth	E66
Resource: The Sphere We Live On	E68
Investigation 2 How Can Fossils Help Tell Us How Old a Rock Is?	E72
Activity: Layering Fossils	E72
Resource: Sorting Through Time	E74
Resource: Fossils Tell Tales!	E75
Investigation 3 How Do Rocks Bend?	E78
Activity: Big Wrinkles	E78
Activity: Dome Questions	E80
Resource: Al! Bent Out of Shape	E81
Resource: The Black Hills	E84
Investigation 4 What Is a Fault, and How Can It Make Mountains?	E86
Activity: It's Your Fault	E86
Resource: It's So Grand	E88
Resource: Earthquake!	E91
Reflect and Evaluate	E93
Using Reading Skills	E94
Using Math Skills	E95
Unit Wrap-up!	E96
UNIT F Light and Sound
THINK LIKE A SCIENTIST BRILLIANT SOUND	F2
CHAPTER 1 Properties of Light	F4
Investigation 1 What Is Light, and Where Does It Come From?	F6
Activity: Seeing the Light	F6
Activity: All Aglow	F7
Resource: Lighting the Way	F8
Resource: Light Through the Ages	F12
Investigation 2 How Does Light Travel?	F14
Activity: Light Waves	F14
Resource: Lasers	F16
Resource: Light as a Wave	F17
Investigation 3 How Does Light Behave?	F20
Activity: How Mirrors Affect Light	F20
Activity: The Bending Pencil	F21
Resource: Bouncing Light	F22
Resource: Bending Light	F24
Reflect and Evaluate	F27
CHAPTER 2 Light, Lenses, and Color	F28
Investigation 1 How Do Lenses Help Control Light?	F30
Activity: Becoming Focused	F30
Resource: Light and Lenses	F32
Investigation 2 How Are Lenses Used in Telescopes and Microscopes?	F36
Activity: Telescopic View	F36
Resource: The Telescope-From Galileo to Hubble	F38
Resource: Lyman Spitzer and His Magnificent Dream	F40
Resource: The Microscope	F41
Investigation 3 How Are Light and Color Related?	F44
Activity: Circles of Light	F44
Resource: Seeing Color	F46
Reflect and Evaluate	F49
CHAPTER 3 Properties of Sound	F50
Investigation 1 What Is Sound?	F52
Activity: Rubber-Band Banjo	F52
Activity: Waves and Sound	F53
Resource: The Nature off Sound	F54
Investigation 2 How Does Matter Affect How Sound Travels?	F58
Activity: Ear to the Wall	F58
Activity: A String Phone	F59
Resource: When Sound Travels and When It Doesn't	F60
Investigation 3 How Do High Sounds Differ From Low Sounds?	F62
Activity: Highs and Lows	F62
Activity: Changing Pitch	F63
Resource: Wind Instruments	F64
Resource: Pitch	F66
Resource: Synthesizing Sound	F69
Reflect and Evaluate	F71
CHAPTER 4 Hearing and Recording Sound	F72
Investigation 1 How Can You Control Sound?	F74
Activity: Directing Sound	F74
Activity: Muffling Sound	F75
Resource: Turn Up the Sound	F76
Investigation 2 How Do People Hear?	F80
Activity: Identifying Sounds	F80
Resource: American Sign Language	F82
Resources How the Ear Works	F83
Resource: Help for Hearing Loss	F84
Investigation 3 How Is Sound Transmitted and Recorded?	F86
Activity: Magnetic Sounds	F86
Activity: Tape-Recording	F87
Resource: Recorded Sound	F88
Resource: Delivering Information	F91
Reflect and Evaluate	F93
Using Reading Skills	F94
Using Math Skills	F95
Unit Wrap-up!	F96
SCIENCE AND MATH TOOLBOX
Using a Microscope	H2
Making a Bar Graph	H3
Using a Calculator	H4
Finding an Average	H5
Using a Tape Measure or Ruler	H6
Measuring Volume	H7
Using a Thermometer	H8
Using a Balance	H9
Using an Equation or Formula	H10
Making a Chart to Organize Data	H11
Reading a Circle Graph	H12
Making a Line Graph	H13
Measuring Elapsed Time	H14
Measurements	H16
Glossary	H18
Index	H38
Credits	H46