How to Reach and Teach Children with Challenging Behavior (K-8) Practical, Ready-to-Use Interventions That Work

by Otten, Kaye; Tuttle, Jodie

• ISBN13: 9780470505168
• ISBN10: 0470505168
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-11-09
• Publisher: Jossey-Bass

Summary

Tested strategies for intervening with children who have difficult behavior problemsWritten by behavior specialist Kaye Otten, this book offers teachers a practical approach to managing behavior problems in the classroom. It is filled with down-to-earth guidelines, ready-to-use forms and worksheets, and classroom-tested suggestions. Using this book, teachers are better able to identify students with significant behavioral and emotional problems and learn how to intervene efficiently and effectively. All the book's researched-based interventions are in compliance with federal laws. Offers instructions for creating and implementing an effective classroom-wide behavior management program Gives advice for developing engaging lessons and activities that support and promote positive behavior Includes tactics for helping children self-regulate and manage their own emotions and angerThe book includes worksheets for collecting data and helping to shape the ongoing behavior instruction for behavior challenged students.

Author Biography

Kaye L. Otten, Ph.D., has worked with children with behavior challenges for nearly twenty years as a classroom teacher, special educator, and behavior specialist. She is co-founder of Camp Encourage, a highly acclaimed overnight camp for children with autism spectrum disorders. Jodie L. Tuttle, M.Ed., worked as a teacher of behaviorally challenged students for seventeen years. She currently works as a behavior specialist for preschool to high school-aged students.

Table of Contents

About This Book

About the Authors

Acknowledgments

Foreword

Preface

A Positive, Proactive Approach to Behavior Management

A Case for Change

What's Wrong with Kids Today?

What Happened to the Good Old Days?

I Didn't Sign Up for This!

Students with Behavior Problems Should Just Be Suspended!

Punishment Works for Me!

What Can We Do?

Remove the Words Should and Shouldn't from Your Vocabulary

Limit the Time Spent "Admiring the Problem"

Strive to Understand the Perspectives of All Team Members and Stakeholders

Let Go of the Old Way of Doing Things

Expand Your Behavior Management Toolbox

Key Points to Remember

Discussion Questions

Positive Behavior Support and Functional Behavioral Assessment for Educators

What Exactly Is Positive Behavior Support?

Research-Validated Practices

Enhancing the Capacity of Environments

A Three-Tiered Model

What Exactly Is Functional Behavioral Assessment?

Three Key Concepts of FBA

Setting Events

Triggering Antecedents

Maintaining Consequences

Common Functions of Problem Behavior

To Get Attention or a Reaction

To Get Something Tangible

To Obtain a Sense of Power or Control

To Meet a Sensory Need

To Communicate Feelings

As a Result of a Lack of Understanding

To Escape or Avoid Something

The Bottom Line on Functional Behavioral Assessment

Our Model of Intervention

Key Points to Remember

Discussion Questions

Social Skills Instruction

Teaching Social Skills: The Basics

Traditional Approaches to Social Skills Instruction

A Three-Tiered Approach to Social Skills Instruction

Types of Social Skills Deficits

Skill Deficits

Performance Deficits

Fluency Deficits

Self-Management: The Ultimate Goal

Key Points to Remember

Discussion Questions and Activities

Group Social Skills Instruction

School and Classwide Social Skills Instruction

Class Meetings

Mini-Lessons

Frequent Positive Feedback

Schoolwide and Classwide Expectations or Rules

Schoolwide and Classwide Routines

Important Schoolwide and Classwide Lessons

Small Group Social Skills Instruction

Choosing Curricula: A Case Study

Key Points to Remember

Discussion Questions and Activities

Individualized Social Skills Instruction

What Behaviors Should be Focused on During Individualized Instruction?

"So What?" Behavior

Identifying Replacement Behavior

Other Target Behaviors

Who Should Provide Individualized Instruction?

When Should Individualized Instruction Take Place?

Embedded into Existing Structures and Therapies

Check-In

Precorrection

Behavior Tutoring Sessions

Incidental Teaching

How Should Individualized Instruction Be Delivered?

Video Modeling

Social Stories

Commonly Overlooked Replacement Behaviors

Taking Appropriate Breaks

Negotiating Assignments

Key Points to Remember

Discussion Questions and Activities

Preventing Challenging Behavior

Preventing Challenging Behavior: The Basics

Targeting Setting Events and Triggering Antecedents

Identifying Sources of Frustration

Developing a Positive Relationship

Be Consistent

Develop a Partnership

Focus on Frequent Positive Feedback

Key Points to Remember

Discussion Questions

Assisting with Executive Functioning Tasks

Using Visual Supports

Organizational Helpers

Behavior Prompts

Visual Schedules

Transition Helpers

A Final Word About Visual Supports

Assistance with Other Executive Functioning Skills

Breaking Long Projects into Steps

Waiting to Be Called On

Staying on Task

Key Points to Remember

Discussion Questions

Providing Appropriate and Engaging Academic Instruction

Differentiated Instruction

Providing Choices

Embedding Interests and Preferences

Writing Strategies

Scheduling

Learn How to Make a Table in a Word Processing Program

Schedule Things That Are Absolutely Inflexible First

Schedule the Major Core Academic Areas

Use Paraprofessionals Wisely and Appropriately

Make Sure You Get a Planning Time

Maintaining Academic Engagement

Failure Is Not an Option

Honor Roll

Key Points to Remember

Discussion Questions and Activities

Reinforcing Desired Behavior

Reinforcing Desired Behavior: The Basics

Reinforcement Versus Rewards

Reinforcement Versus Bribery

How to Determine What Is Reinforcing for Students

Interviews and Surveys

Observations

Reinforcement Journals

Reinforcement Menus

Reinforcement Schedules: Determining How Much and How Often

Differential Reinforcement of Zero Rates of Behavior

Differential Reinforcement of Lower Rates of Behavior

Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior

Other Issues Surrounding Reinforcement

Setting Appropriate Criteria

Pairing Educators and School with Reinforcers

Deprivation

Teaching Peers to Reinforce Appropriately

Key Points to Remember

Discussion Questions and Activities

Group Reinforcement Systems

Interdependent Group-Oriented Contingencies

Student Teams

Interdependent Group-Oriented Contingency Games

The Classwide Peer-Assisted Self-Management(CWPASM) Program

Independent Group-Oriented Contingencies

Lottery Systems

Token Economies

The Importance of Tier 1 Reinforcement

Key Points to Remember

Discussion Questions and Activities

Individual Reinforcement Systems

Target Behavior Sheets

Limit the Number of Skills

Individualize the Target Skills

Be Specific

Embed Visual Supports and Special Interests

Partner with the Student to Help Develop

Set Realistic Criteria

Let Students Keep Their Sheet With Them (If They Wish)

Review Regularly with the Student

Use Turnaround Points

Use Bonus Points

Allow Students to Self-Monitor When Ready

Communicate to Parents What Constitutes a Successful Day

Dependent Group-Oriented Contingency

Level Systems

Structured Behavioral Skills Program: Daily Level System

Climbing the Ladder of Success

A Warning About Using Point and Level Systems

Token Boards

Contracts

Punch Cards

Positive Attention Trackers

Key Points to Remember

Discussion Questions and Activities

Using Undesirable Consequences

Using Undesirable Consequences: The Basics

Problems with Punishment

Punishment Does Not Work in the Long Term

Punishment Does Not Teach the Student What to Do Instead

Punishment Encourages Negative Attitudes Toward School and Educators

Punishment Reduces Motivation to Learn Other Techniques

Natural and Logical Undesirable Consequences

Natural Undesirable Consequences

Logical Undesirable Consequences

The Three R's of Logical Consequences

Related

Reasonable

Respectful

Punishment Versus Logical Consequences

Key Points to Remember

Discussion Questions and Activities

Common Logical Undesirable Consequences

Common Undesirable Consequences Continuum

Three Strikes

Response Cost or Fines

Wasted Time

Behavior Tutoring

Think Time

The Importance of Problem Solving

Consequence Maps

Alternatives to Out-of-School Suspension

In-School Suspension

Red Schedule

Advantages of Alternatives to Out-of-School Suspension

Key Points to Remember

Discussion Questions and Activities

Putting It All Together

Conducting Effective and Efficient Functional Behavioral Assessments

Operationally Define the Problem and Replacement Behaviors

Collect Information

How Much Information Is Needed?

How Do I Collect the Data?

Develop Hypotheses About Why the Problem Behavior Is Occurring

Key Points to Remember

Discussion Questions and Activities

Designing and Implementing Effective and Efficient Behavior. Intervention Plans

Design a Behavior Intervention Plan Based on the Functional. Behavioral Assessment

Step Five: Monitor and Adjust the Behavior Intervention Plan as Needed

Was the Plan Implemented as Written?

Did Behavior Improve, and Was This

Improvement Maintained over Time?

Key Points to Remember

Discussion Question

Example Success Stories

Joey

Functional Behavioral Assessment Worksheet

Behavior Intervention Plan Worksheet

Joey's Target Token Board (Front)

Joey's Target Token Board (Back)

Joey's Safe Note for Home

Joey's Fidelity Checklist

Joey's Data Sheet

Joey's Data Graphs

Susan

Functional Behavioral Assessment Worksheet

Behavior Intervention Plan Worksheet

Susan's Self-Monitoring Target Behavior Sheet

Susan's Reinforcement Menu

Susan's Consequence Map

Susan's Target Skill Progress Computation Sheet

Susan's Fidelity Checklist

Susan's Data Graphs

Taylor

Functional Behavioral Assessment Worksheet

Behavior Intervention Plan Worksheet

Taylor's Stoplight

Taylor's Tower of Success

Taylor's Data Sheet

Taylor's Fidelity Checklist

Taylor's Data Graphs

Malik

Functional Behavioral Assessment Worksheet

Behavior Intervention Plan Worksheet

Malik's Data Sheet

Malik's Consequence Map

Malik's Fidelity Checklist

Malik's Data Graphs

What About Dangerous Behavior? Managing Crises

Intervening During the Escalation Cycle

Key Points to Remember

Discussion Questions and Activities

Physical Restraint and Seclusion

Definitions

Historical Overview

Roots of the Problem

Current School Culture

Lack of Regulation

Lack of Training

Lack of Research

Concern About Increase of More Aversive Options

Lack of Options

What Can Educators Do?

Be Informed

Provide or Ask for Training

Commit to Positive Behavior Support in Philosophy and Practice

Monitor Use of Restraint and Seclusion

Key Points to Remember

Discussion Questions and Activities

Reproducible Tools

Positive-to-Negative Ratio Data Sheet

Break Pass

Countdown Strips

Chart Moves Frame

Peer Comparison Data Form

Consequence Map Template

If-Then Chart Template

Notes Template for Functional Behavioral Assessment

Functional Behavioral Assessment Summary Worksheet

Behavior Intervention Plan Worksheet

Glossary

Notes

References

Author Index

Subject Index

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