HTML, XHTML, and CSS Bible, 3rd Edition

by Bryan Pfaffenberger; Steven M. Schafer (Indianapolis, IN, Progeny Linux Systems); Chuck White; Bill Karow

• ISBN13: 9780764557392
• ISBN10: 0764557394
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-07-01
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

An expanded, updated, and retitled edition of HTML Bible, examining HTML, XHTML-a set of extensions to HTML to make it more like XML-and cascading style sheets (CSS), which provide a simple way to add consistent formatting to HTML Web documents Focusing on reader feedback and changing industry trends, this new edition is a major overhaul that addresses the extensive changes in Web development Shows readers the best, most efficient way to use HTML and examines which peripheral technologies are worth learning for the long run Features "before and after" pictures that show the results of improved Web page coding Offers continued coverage of key topics, including site administration, dynamic data-driven pages, and many others, in addition to new sections on hot new topics such as blogs and content management

Author Biography

<b>Bryan Pfaffenberger</b> is the author of more than 75 books on computers and the Internet, including the best-selling <i>Discover the Internet</i>, from IDG Books Worldwide. He teaches advanced professional communication and the sociology of computing in the University of Virginia&#8217;s Division of Technology, Culture, and Communication. Bryan lives in Charlottesville, Virginia, with his family and an extremely spoiled cat. <p> <b>Steven M. Schafer</b> is a veteran of technology and publishing. He programs in several languages, works with a variety of technologies, and has been published in several technical publications and articles. He currently is the COOO/CTO for Progeny, and open source-based service and support company. Steven can be reach by e-mail at [e-mail]. <p> <b>Chuck White</b> is a Web development professional who has written numerous articles and books on Web development, including <i>Mastering XSLT</i> and <i>Developing Killer Web Apps with Dreamweaver MX and C#</i>, and tutorials for IBM DeveloperWorks. His first published work on CSS was for <i>Web Techniques</i> magazine in 1997, and he has been working with large and small Web sites since 1996. He is currently a Web software engineer at eBay. <p> <b>Bill Karow</b>, in addition to writing several computer books, has served as a contributor or technical editor on more than 30 other books. Formerly in charge of systems development for Walt Disney Entertainment, Bill now serves as a computer consultant in the Orlando area when he&#8217;s not out riding his bicycle. He also has the distinction of having stood atop many of the buildings at Walt Disney World, fanfare trumpet in hand (with their permission).

Table of Contents

Acknowlegments	p. iv
Introduction	p. xxiii
Understanding (X)HTML	p. 1
Introducing the Web and HTML	p. 3
What Is the World Wide Web?	p. 3
How Does the Web Work?	p. 3
What Is Hypertext?	p. 4
Where Does HTML Fit In?	p. 5
What Is CSS?	p. 10
What Is XHTML?	p. 15
Creating an HTML Document	p. 15
Don't I Need a Web Server?	p. 17
Summary	p. 18
What Goes Into a Web Page?	p. 19
Specifying Document Type	p. 19
The Overall Structure: HTML, Head, and Body	p. 20
Styles	p. 22
Block Elements: Markup for Paragraphs	p. 24
Inline Elements: Markup for Characters	p. 31
Special Characters (Entities)	p. 32
Organizational Elements	p. 33
Linking to Other Pages	p. 37
Images	p. 38
Comments	p. 39
Scripts	p. 40
Putting it All Together	p. 40
Summary	p. 41
Starting Your Web Page	p. 43
Basic Rules for HTML Code	p. 43
Creating the Basic Structure	p. 46
Declaring the Document Type	p. 46
Specifying the Document Title	p. 47
Providing Information to Search Engines	p. 48
Setting the Default Path	p. 49
Creating Automatic Refreshes and Redirects	p. 49
Page Background Color and Background Images	p. 50
Summary	p. 52
HTML/XHTML Authoring Fundamentals	p. 53
Lines, Line Breaks, and Paragraphs	p. 55
Line Breaks	p. 55
Nonbreaking Spaces	p. 60
Soft Hyphens	p. 61
Preserving Formatting--The [left angle bracket]pre[right angle bracket] Element	p. 63
Indents	p. 64
Headings	p. 66
Horizontal Rules	p. 68
Grouping with the [left angle bracket]div[right angle bracket] Element	p. 70
Summary	p. 73
Lists	p. 75
Understanding Lists	p. 75
Ordered (Numbered) Lists	p. 76
Unordered (Bulleted) Lists	p. 82
Definition Lists	p. 86
Nested Lists	p. 87
Summary	p. 89
Images	p. 91
Image Formats for the Web	p. 91
Creating Graphics	p. 95
Inserting an Image	p. 99
Image Alignment	p. 100
Specifying Text to Display for Nongraphical Browsers	p. 102
Size and Scaling	p. 103
Image Borders	p. 105
Image Maps	p. 106
Animated Images	p. 110
Summary	p. 111
Links	p. 113
What's in a Link?	p. 113
Linking to a Web Page	p. 115
Absolute versus Relative Links	p. 116
Link Targets	p. 117
Link Titles	p. 119
Keyboard Shortcuts and Tab Order	p. 119
Creating an Anchor	p. 121
Choosing Link Colors	p. 121
Link Target Details	p. 123
The Link Tag	p. 125
Summary	p. 125
Text	p. 127
Methods of Text Control	p. 127
Bold and Italic Text	p. 130
Monospace (Typewriter) Fonts	p. 131
Superscripts and Subscripts	p. 132
Abbreviations	p. 132
Marking Editorial Insertions and Deletions	p. 133
Grouping Inline Elements with the [left angle bracket]span[right angle bracket] Tag	p. 134
Summary	p. 134
Special Characters	p. 135
Understanding Character Encodings	p. 135
Special Characters	p. 136
En and Em Spaces and Dashes	p. 137
Copyright and Trademark Symbols	p. 138
Currency Symbols	p. 138
"Real" Quotation Marks	p. 139
Arrows	p. 140
Accented Characters	p. 140
Greek and Mathematical Characters	p. 142
Other Useful Entities	p. 146
Summary	p. 148
Tables	p. 149
Parts of an HTML Table	p. 149
Table Width and Alignment	p. 151
Cell Spacing and Padding	p. 153
Borders and Rules	p. 155
Rows	p. 157
Cells	p. 159
Table Captions	p. 160
Row Groupings--Header, Body, and Footer	p. 163
Background Colors	p. 165
Spanning Columns and Rows	p. 166
Grouping Columns	p. 169
Summary	p. 171
Page Layout with Tables	p. 173
Rudimentary Formatting with Tables	p. 173
Real-World Examples	p. 177
Floating Page	p. 179
Odd Graphic and Text Combinations	p. 182
Navigational Menus and Blocks	p. 185
Multiple Columns	p. 187
Summary	p. 188
Frames	p. 189
Frames Overview	p. 189
Framesets and Frame Documents	p. 191
Targeting Links to Frames	p. 196
Nested Framesets	p. 200
Inline Frames	p. 201
Summary	p. 204
Forms	p. 205
Understanding Forms	p. 205
Inserting a Form	p. 208
Field Labels	p. 210
Text Input Boxes	p. 210
Password Input Boxes	p. 210
Radio Buttons	p. 211
Check Boxes	p. 211
List Boxes	p. 212
Large Text Areas	p. 214
Hidden Fields	p. 215
Buttons	p. 216
Images	p. 217
File Fields	p. 217
Submit and Reset Buttons	p. 218
Tab Order and Keyboard Shortcuts	p. 219
Preventing Changes	p. 219
Fieldsets and Legends	p. 221
Form Scripts and Script Services	p. 222
Summary	p. 225
Multimedia	p. 227
Introducing Multimedia Objects	p. 227
Multimedia Plug-Ins and Players	p. 233
Animations	p. 236
Video Clips	p. 240
Sounds	p. 241
Slide Shows	p. 242
SMIL	p. 251
Summary	p. 256
Scripts	p. 257
Client-Side versus Server-Side Scripting	p. 257
Setting the Default Scripting Language	p. 258
Including a Script	p. 259
Calling an External Script	p. 259
Triggering Scripts with Events	p. 260
Hiding Scripts from Older Browsers	p. 264
Summary	p. 265
Controlling Presentation with CSS	p. 267
Introducing Cascading Style Sheets	p. 269
CSS Overview	p. 269
Style Rules	p. 270
Style Rule Locations	p. 271
Understanding the Style Sheet Cascade	p. 272
The CSS Box Formatting Model	p. 274
CSS Levels 1, 2, and 3	p. 277
Summary	p. 278
Creating Style Rules	p. 279
Understanding Selectors	p. 279
Understanding Inheritance	p. 284
Pseudo-classes	p. 285
Pseudo-elements	p. 287
Shorthand Expressions	p. 291
Property Value Metrics	p. 293
Summary	p. 295
Fonts	p. 297
Web Typography Basics	p. 297
Working with Font Styling Attributes	p. 303
Downloading Fonts Automatically	p. 308
Summary	p. 310
Text Formatting	p. 313
Aligning Text	p. 313
Indenting Text	p. 318
Controlling White Space within Text	p. 319
Controlling Letter and Word Spacing	p. 322
Specifying Capitalization	p. 324
Using Text Decorations	p. 325
Formatting Lists	p. 326
Auto-generated Text	p. 331
Summary	p. 336
Padding, Margins, and Borders	p. 337
Understanding the Box Formatting Model	p. 337
Defining Element Margins	p. 339
Adding Padding within an Element	p. 341
Adding Borders	p. 341
Using Dynamic Outlines	p. 345
Summary	p. 346
Colors and Backgrounds	p. 347
Foreground Color	p. 347
Background Color	p. 348
Sizing an Element's Background	p. 348
Background Images	p. 349
Repeating and Scrolling Background Images	p. 351
Positioning Background Images	p. 355
Summary	p. 358
Tables	p. 359
Defining Table Styles	p. 359
Controlling Table Attributes	p. 360
Table Layout	p. 364
Aligning and Positioning Captions	p. 365
Summary	p. 367
Element Positioning	p. 369
Understanding Element Positioning	p. 369
Specifying Element Position	p. 374
Floating Elements to the Left or Right	p. 377
Defining an Element's Width and Height	p. 378
Stacking Elements in Layers	p. 381
Controlling Element Visibility	p. 384
Summary	p. 385
Defining Pages for Printing	p. 387
The Page Box Formatting Model	p. 387
Defining the Page Size with the page Rule	p. 389
Controlling Page Breaks	p. 391
Using the Page-Break Properties	p. 392
Handling Widows and Orphans	p. 396
Preparing Documents for Double-Sided Printing	p. 398
Summary	p. 398
Advanced Web Authoring	p. 399
JavaScript	p. 401
JavaScript Background	p. 401
Writing JavaScript Code	p. 403
Event Handling in JavaScript	p. 410
Using JavaScript in HTML Documents	p. 412
Practical Examples	p. 414
Summary	p. 427
Dynamic DHTML	p. 429
The Need for DHTML	p. 429
How DHTML Works	p. 429
DHTML and the Document Object Model	p. 430
Cross-Browser Compatibility Issues	p. 432
DHTML Examples	p. 434
Summary	p. 446
Dynamic HTML with CSS	p. 449
DHTML and CSS Properties	p. 452
Internet Explorer Filters	p. 457
Summary	p. 467
Introduction to Server-side Scripting	p. 469
How Web Servers Work	p. 469
Market-Leading Web Servers	p. 471
The Need for Server-Side Scripting	p. 472
Server-Side Scripting Languages	p. 473
Summary	p. 477
Introduction to Database-driven Web Publishing	p. 479
Understanding the Need for Database Publishing	p. 479
How Database Integration Works	p. 480
Options for Database Publishing	p. 480
Database Publishing Case Study--A Newsletter	p. 482
Authentication and Security	p. 491
Summary	p. 493
Creating a Weblog	p. 495
The Blog Phenomenon	p. 495
Blog Providers and Software	p. 496
Posting Content to Your Blog	p. 498
Handling Comments	p. 499
Using Permalinks	p. 499
Using Trackbacks	p. 500
Syndicating Content with RSS	p. 501
Building an Audience	p. 503
Summary	p. 504
Introduction to XML	p. 505
The Need for XML	p. 506
Relationship of XML, SGML, and HTML	p. 507
How XML Works	p. 508
Document Type Definitions	p. 513
XML Schemas	p. 519
Working with Schemas	p. 519
XML on the Web	p. 522
Summary	p. 522
XML Processing and Implementations	p. 523
Processing XML	p. 523
XML Implementations	p. 543
Summary	p. 546
Testing, Publishing, and Maintaining Your Site	p. 547
Testing and Validating Your Documents	p. 549
Testing with a Variety of Browsers	p. 549
Testing for a Variety of Displays	p. 550
Validating Your Code	p. 550
Summary	p. 553
Web Development Software	p. 555
Text-Oriented Editors	p. 555
WYSIWYG HTML Editors	p. 558
Other Tools	p. 561
Summary	p. 565
Choosing a Service Provider	p. 567
Types of Service Providers	p. 567
Estimating Your Costs	p. 569
Support and Service	p. 569
Bandwidth and Scalability	p. 571
Contracts	p. 571
Domain Names	p. 571
Summary	p. 572
Uploading Your Site with FTP	p. 575
Introducing FTP	p. 575
FTP Clients	p. 576
Notable FTP Clients	p. 578
Principles of Web Server File Organization	p. 580
Summary	p. 581
Publicizing Your Site and Building Your Audience	p. 583
Soliciting Links	p. 583
Listing Your Site with Search Engines	p. 584
Facilitating Search Engine Access	p. 585
Strategies for Retaining Visitors On-Site	p. 588
The Don'ts of Web Site Promotion	p. 589
Summary	p. 590
Maintaining Your Site	p. 591
Analyzing Usage via Server Logs	p. 591
Checking for Broken Links	p. 595
Responding to Feedback	p. 598
Backing Up Your Data	p. 599
Summary	p. 600
Principles of Professional Web Design and Development	p. 601
The Web Development Process	p. 603
Challenges of Developing Large-Scale Web Sites	p. 603
Project Management Basics	p. 604
The Need for Information Architecture	p. 605
Overview of the Web Development Process	p. 606
Summary	p. 614
Developing and Structuring Content	p. 617
Principles of Audience Analysis	p. 617
Performing an Information Inventory	p. 618
Chunking Information	p. 618
How Users Read on the Web	p. 619
Developing Easily Scanned Text	p. 619
Developing Meta Content: Titles, Headings, and Taglines	p. 620
Characteristics of Excellent Web Writing	p. 621
Writing for the Web	p. 623
Basic Site Components	p. 624
Putting It All Together	p. 625
Summary	p. 628
Designing for Usability and Accessibility	p. 629
Usability Analysis Methods	p. 629
How People Use the Web	p. 630
Principles of Web Site Usability	p. 630
Usability Issues	p. 631
The Need for Accessibility	p. 637
Accessibility Mandates	p. 638
Web Content Accessibility Initiative (W3C)	p. 639
Summary	p. 643
Designing for an International Audience	p. 645
Principles of Internationalization and Localization	p. 645
Introduction to Web Internationalization Issues	p. 645
Understanding Unicode	p. 647
Constructing Multilanguage Sites	p. 656
Summary	p. 657
Security	p. 659
Understanding the Risks	p. 659
Web Site Security Issues	p. 661
Overview of Web Security Methods	p. 664
Summary	p. 666
Privacy	p. 667
Understanding Privacy	p. 667
Privacy Legislation and Regulations in the United States	p. 667
Privacy Legislation and Regulations in the EU	p. 670
Voluntary Solutions	p. 671
Model Privacy Policy Pages	p. 675
Summary	p. 675
Appendixes	p. 677
HTML 4.01 Elements	p. 679
CSS Properties	p. 743
Index	p. 773
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