Foreword | |
Preface | |
Acknowledgements | |
Dedication | |
Problems of concept and nomenclature of benign disorders of the breast | |
Key points and new developments | |
The source of the problem History | |
The present and the future References | |
History of benign breast disease | |
Introduction Sir Astley Paston Cooper, Bt. FRS DCL GCH. 1768-1841 | |
Alfred Velpeau. 1785-1867 | |
John Birkett FRCS Fellow of the Linnean Society. 1815-1904 | |
George Lenthal Cheatle. 1865-1951 | |
Joseph Colt Bloodgood. 1867-1935 | |
Charles F. Geschickter. 1901-? | |
An analysis of the contributions of these six men | |
References | |
Breast anatomy and physiology | |
Key points and new developments | |
Development Changes at puberty | |
Adult anatomy | |
Microscopic anatomy | |
Biochemical control of breast epithelium | |
Cyclical changes in breast epithelium | |
Changes during pregnancy and lactation | |
Postmenopausal involution | |
References | |
Aberrations of normal development and involution (ANDI): a concept of benign breast disorders based on pathogenesis Key points and new developments | |
Introduction | |
Recognition of the normality of much benign breast 'disease' | |
Problems with the conventional view of benign breast disease | |
The physiological processes underlying the ANDI concept | |
A framework based on pathogenesis | |
Reasons for including various benign breast disorders as part of ANDI | |
An extension of the concept of ANDI to include most benign breast disorders? | |
Implications for the management of benign breast disorders | |
Aberration to disease? | |
Recent developments having a bearing on the ANDI concept | |
References | |
The approach to diagnosis and assessment of breast lumps Key points and new developments Part 1 | |
The differential diagnosis and clinical assessment of breast lumps | |
Clinical assessment of a breast lump | |
Features of individual lesions | |
Follow-up after assessment and/or benign breast biopsy | |
Management of recurrent lumps following biopsy | |
Breast masses related to different life periods Part 2 | |
Triple assessment and organization of the breast clinic | |
Fine needle aspiration cytology | |
Ultrasound in triple assessment Wide-bore needle biopsy | |
Mammotome or vacuum-assisted biopsy | |
Organization of clinics Medico-legal issues | |
References | |
Imaging of the breast Key points and new developments | |
Introduction | |
Breast density | |
Mammography | |
Breast ultrasound | |
Breast magnetic resonance imaging | |
Biopsy techniques | |
Breast localization techniques | |
References | |
Fibroadenoma and related tumours Key points and new developments | |
Terminology Fibroadenoma simplex | |
Cancer and fibroadenoma | |
Multiple fibroadenomas | |
Giant fibroadenoma | |
Phyllodes tumour and phyllodes sarcoma (cystosarcoma phyllodes) | |
Pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia | |
References | |
Breast pain and nodularity Key points and new developments | |
Introduction | |
Historical note | |
Frequency of breast pain | |
Mastalgia in breast cancer | |
Classification Aetiology of mastalgia and nodularity | |
Management of patients with mastalgia | |
Natural history of mastalgia | |
Plan of management for patients with mastalgia | |
Mastalgia in the postmenopausal patient | |
Patients with refractory mastalgia | |
The relationship of cyclical mastalgia to premenstrual stress | |
Conclusion | |
References | |
Sclerosing adenosis, radial scar and complex sclerosing lesions Key points and new developments | |
Introduction | |
Sclerosing adenosis | |
Radial scar and complex sclerosing lesions | |
References | |
Cysts of the breast Key points and new developments | |
Introduction | |
Pathology | |
Incidence Pathogenesis and cyst types | |
Aetiology | |
Clinical features Age Natural h | |
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