Human Anatomy and Physiology

by Marieb, Elaine Nicpon

• ISBN13: 9780805351170
• ISBN10: 0805351175
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-10-01
• Publisher: Pearson

Table of Contents

UNIT I ORGANIZATION OF THE BODY
The Human Body: An Orientation	1	(23)
An Overview of Anatomy and Physiology	1	(1)
Levels of Structural Organization	2	(4)
Maintaining Life	6	(2)
Homeostasis	8	(4)
The Language of Anatomy	12	(12)
A Closer Look Medical Imaging: Illuminating the Body	18	(6)
Chemistry Comes Alive	24	(1)
PART 1 BASIC CHEMISTRY	25	(14)
Definition of Concepts: Matter and Energy	25	(1)
Composition of Matter: Atoms and Elements	26	(4)
How Matter Is Combined: Molecules and Mixtures	30	(2)
Chemical Bonds	32	(4)
Chemical Reactions	36	(3)
PART 2 BIOCHEMISTRY	39	(150)
Inorganic Compounds	39	(4)
Organic Compounds	43	(19)
Cells: The Living Units	62	(46)
Overview of the Cellular Basis of Life	63	(1)
The Plasma Membrane: Structure	64	(4)
The Plasma Membrane: Functions	68	(10)
The Cytoplasm	78	(11)
The Nucleus	89	(2)
Cell Growth and Reproduction	91	(12)
Extracellular Materials	103	(1)
Developmental Aspects of Cells	103	(5)
A Closer Look Cancer---The Intimate Enemy	94	(14)
Tissue: The Living Fabric	108	(34)
Epithelial Tissue	109	(10)
Connective Tissue	119	(11)
Epithelial Membranes	130	(2)
Nervous Tissue	132	(2)
Muscle Tissue	134	(1)
Tissue Repair	134	(4)
Developmental Aspects of Tissues	138	(4)
A Closer Look Cartilage---Strong Water	133	(9)
UNIT II COVERING, SUPPORT, AND MOVEMENT OF THE BODY
The Integumentary System	142	(22)
The Skin	143	(5)
Appendages of the Skin	148	(5)
Functions of the Integumentary System	153	(2)
Homeostatic Imbalances of Skin	155	(2)
Developmental Aspects of the Integumentary System	157	(7)
A Closer Look Vampires: Where(wolf) Art Thou?	148	(10)
Making Connections	158	(6)
Bones and Skeletal Tissues	164	(24)
Skeletal Cartilages	165	(1)
Functions of Bones	165	(2)
Classification of Bones	167	(1)
Bone Structure	168	(4)
Bone Development (Osteogenesis)	172	(4)
Bone Homeostasis: Remodeling and Repair	176	(5)
Homeostatic Imbalances of Bone	181	(3)
Developmental Aspects of Bones: Timing of Events	184	(4)
A Closer Look Them Bones, Them Bones Goin' to Walk Around---Clinical Advances in Bone Repair	179	(3)
Making Connections	182	(6)
The Skeleton	188	(1)
PART 1 THE AXIAL SKELETON	189	(25)
The Skull	189	(15)
The Vertebral Column	204	(7)
The Bony Thorax	211	(3)
PART 2 THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON	214	(925)
The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle	214	(3)
The Upper Limb	217	(3)
The Pelvic (Hip) Girdle	220	(2)
The Lower Limb	222	(5)
Developmental Aspects of the Skeleton	227	(7)
Joints	234	(26)
Classification of Joints	235	(1)
Fibrous Joints	235	(1)
Cartilaginous Joints	236	(1)
Synovial Joints	237	(16)
Homeostatic Imbalances of Joints	253	(4)
Developmental Aspects of Joints	257	(3)
A Closer Look Joints: From Knights in Shining Armor to Bionic Man	256	(4)
Muscles and Muscle Tissue	260	(42)
Overview of Muscle Tissues	261	(1)
Skeletal Muscle	262	(27)
Smooth Muscle	289	(5)
Developmental Aspects of Muscles	294	(8)
Making Connections	296	(6)
The Muscular System	302	(60)
Muscle Mechanics: Importance of Leverage and Fascicle Arrangement	303	(3)
Interactions of Skeletal Muscles in the Body	306	(1)
Naming Skeletal Muscles	307	(1)
Major Skeletal Muscles of the Body	307	(55)
Muscles of the Head, Part I: Facial Expression	312	(2)
Muscles of the Head, Part II: Mastication and Tongue Movement	314	(2)
Muscles of the Anterior Neck and Throat: Swallowing	316	(2)
Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column: Head and Trunk Movements	318	(4)
Muscles of the Thorax: Breathing	322	(2)
Muscles of the Abdominal Wall: Trunk Movements and Compression of Abdominal Viscera	324	(2)
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum: Support of Abdominopelvic Organs	326	(2)
Superficial Muscles of the Anterior and Posterior Thorax: Movements of the Scapula	328	(2)
Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm	330	(3)
Muscles Crossing the Elbow Joint: Flexion and Extension of the Forearm	333	(1)
Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers	334	(4)
Summary of Actions of Muscles Acting on the Arm, Forearm, and Hand	338	(2)
Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Fine Movements of the Fingers	340	(2)
Muscles Crossing the Hip and Knee Joints: Movements of the Thigh and Leg	342	(6)
Muscles of the Leg: Movements of the Ankle and Toes	348	(6)
Summary of Actions of Muscles Acting on the Thigh, Leg, and Foot	354	(2)
Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot: Toe Movement and Arch Support	356	(6)
UNIT III REGULATION AND INTEGRATION OF THE BODY
Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue	362	(42)
Organization of the Nervous System	363	(1)
Histology of Nervous Tissue	364	(9)
Neurophysiology	373	(22)
Basic Concepts of Neural Integration	395	(4)
Developmental Aspects of Neurons	399	(5)
A Closer Look Pleasure Me, Pleasure Me!	396	(8)
The Central Nervous System	404	(52)
The Brain	405	(33)
The Spinal Cord	438	(11)
Diagnostic Procedures for Assessing CNS Dysfunction	449	(1)
Developmental Aspects of the Central Nervous System	449	(7)
A Closer Look ``He-Brain'' Versus ``She-Brain''	437	(19)
The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity	456	(38)
Overview of the Peripheral Nervous System	457	(9)
Cranial Nerves	466	(8)
Spinal Nerves	474	(10)
Reflex Activity	484	(6)
Developmental Aspects of the Peripheral Nervous System	490	(4)
A Closer Look Pain: Sound the Alarm, But Pain Me Not!	464	(30)
The Autonomic Nervous System	494	(24)
Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System	495	(2)
Anatomy of the Autonomic Nervous System	497	(8)
Physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System	505	(9)
Homeostatic Imbalances of the Autonomic Nervous System	514	(1)
Developmental Aspects of the Autonomic Nervous System	514	(4)
A Closer Look Learned Fear: How Scary Things Get That Way	511	(1)
Making Connections	512	(6)
Neural Integration	518	(18)
Sensory Integration: From Reception to Perception	519	(3)
Motor Integration: From Intention to Effect	522	(3)
Higher Mental Functions	525	(11)
The Special Senses	536	(50)
The Chemical Senses: Taste and Smell	537	(5)
The Eye and Vision	542	(21)
The Ear: Hearing and Balance	563	(15)
Developmental Aspects of the Special Senses	578	(8)
The Endocrine System	586	(40)
The Endocrine System: An Overview	587	(1)
Hormones	588	(5)
Major Endocrine Organs	593	(25)
Other Hormone-Producing Structures	618	(1)
Developmental Aspects of the Endocrine System	619	(7)
A Closer Look Athletes Looking Good and Doing Better with Anabolic Steroids?	600	(20)
Making Connections	620	(6)
UNIT IV MAINTENANCE OF THE BODY
Blood	626	(30)
Overview: Composition and Functions of Blood	627	(1)
Blood Plasma	628	(1)
Formed Elements	629	(13)
Hemostasis	642	(6)
Transfusion and Blood Replacement	648	(4)
Diagnostic Blood Tests	652	(1)
Developmental Aspects of Blood	652	(4)
A Closer Look Concocting Blood: Artificial Blood Substitutes	650	(6)
The Cardiovascular System: The Heart	656	(34)
Heart Anatomy	657	(9)
Blood Supply to the Heart: Coronary Circulation	666	(1)
Properties of Cardiac Muscle Fibers	667	(3)
Heart Physiology	670	(14)
Developmental Aspects of the Heart	684	(6)
A Closer Look Oh, What a Beautiful Morning---Then, Heart Boosters, Retreads, and Replacements	680	(10)
The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels	690	(54)
Overview of Blood Vessel Structure and Function	691	(7)
Physiology of Circulation	698	(1)
Introduction to Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance	698	(2)
Systemic Blood Pressure	700	(2)
Maintaining Blood Pressure	702	(8)
Blood Flow Through Body Tissues	710	(6)
Circulatory Pathways: Blood Vessels of the Body	716	(1)
Pulmonary and Systemic Circulations	720	(2)
The Aorta and Major Arteries of the Systemic Circulation	722	(2)
Arteries of the Head and Neck	724	(2)
Arteries of the Upper Limbs and Thorax	726	(2)
Arteries of the Abdomen	728	(2)
Arteries of the Pelvis and Lower Limbs	730	(1)
The Venae Cavae and the Major Veins of the Systemic Circulation	731	(3)
Veins of the Head and Neck	734	(2)
Veins of the Upper Limbs and Thorax	736	(2)
Veins of the Abdomen	738	(2)
Veins of the Pelvis and Lower Limbs	740
Developmental Aspects of the Blood Vessels	717	(27)
A Closer Look Arteriosclerosis? Get Out the Cardiovascular Drano	694	(24)
Making Connections	718	(26)
The Lymphatic System	744	(14)
Lymphatic Vessels	745	(2)
Lymphoid Cells, Tissues, and Organs: An Overview	747	(2)
Lymph Nodes	749	(1)
Other Lymphoid Organs	750	(3)
Developmental Aspects of the Lymphatic System	753	(5)
Making Connections	754	(4)
Nonspecific Body Defenses and Immunity	758	(40)
Nonspecific Body Defenses	759	(1)
Surface Barriers: Skin and Mucosae	759	(1)
Nonspecific Cellular and Chemical Defenses	760	(7)
Specific Body Defenses: Immunity	767	(3)
Antigens	770	(1)
Cells of the Immune System: An Overview	771	(4)
Humoral Immune Response	775	(6)
Cell-Mediated Immune Response	781	(8)
Homeostatic Imbalances of Immunity	789	(5)
Developmental Aspects of the Immune System	794	(4)
A Closer Look Mind over Malady?	768	(30)
The Respiratory System	798	(50)
Functional Anatomy of the Respiratory System	799	(14)
Mechanics of Breathing	813	(7)
Gas Exchanges in the Body	820	(5)
Transport of Respiratory Gases by Blood	825	(6)
Control of Respiration	831	(5)
Respiratory Adjustments During Exercise and at High Altitudes	836	(1)
Homeostatic Imbalances of the Respiratory System	837	(4)
Developmental Aspects of the Respiratory System	841	(7)
A Closer Look Dangerous Raptures of the Deep	830	(8)
Making Connections	838	(10)
The Digestive System	848	(60)
Overview of the Digestive System	849	(6)
Functional Anatomy of the Digestive System	855	(1)
The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus	855	(11)
The Stomach	866	(9)
The Small Intestine and Associated Structures	875	(11)
The Large Intestine	886	(6)
Physiology of Chemical Digestion and Absorption	892	(1)
Chemical Digestion	892	(4)
Absorption	896	(3)
Developmental Aspects of the Digestive System	899	(9)
Making Connections	900	(8)
Nutrition, Metabolism, and Body Temperature Regulation	908	(56)
Nutrition	909	(14)
Metabolism	923	(27)
Body Energy Balance	950	(7)
Developmental Aspects of Nutrition and Metabolism	957	(7)
A Closer Look Obesity: Magical Solution Wanted	948	(16)
The Urinary System	964	(36)
Kidney Anatomy	965	(7)
Kidney Physiology: Mechanisms of Urine Formation	972	(17)
Ureters	989	(1)
Urinary Bladder	990	(1)
Urethra	991	(1)
Micturition	991	(1)
Developmental Aspects of the Urinary System	992	(8)
A Closer Look Renal Failure and the Artificial Kidney	994	(6)
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance	1000	(30)
Body Fluids	1001	(4)
Water Balance	1005	(2)
Electrolyte Balance	1007	(8)
Acid-Base Balance	1015	(8)
Developmental Aspects of Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance	1023	(7)
A Closer Look Sleuthing: Using Blood Values to Determine the Cause of Acidosis or Alkalosis	1022	(2)
Making Connections	1024	(6)
UNIT V CONTINUITY
The Reproductive System	1030	(48)
Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System	1031	(5)
Physiology of the Male Reproductive System	1036	(10)
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System	1046	(8)
Physiology of the Female Reproductive System	1054	(8)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases	1062	(2)
Developmental Aspects of the Reproductive System: Chronology of Sexual Development	1064	(14)
A Closer Look Contraception: To Be or Not To Be	1068	(2)
Making Connections	1070	(8)
Pregnancy and Human Development	1078	(30)
From Egg to Embryo	1080	(7)
Events of Embryonic Development	1087	(9)
Events of Fetal Development	1096	(1)
Effects of Pregnancy on the Mother	1096	(3)
Parturition (Birth)	1099	(3)
Adjustments of the Infant to Extrauterine Life	1102	(1)
Lactation	1103	(5)
A Closer Look Baby Making: Popsicles, GIFTs, and Surrogate Moms	1086	(22)
Heredity	1108	(31)
The Vocabulary of Genetics	1109	(1)
Sexual Sources of Genetic Variation	1110	(2)
Types of Inheritance	1112	(4)
The Influence of Environmental Factors on Gene Expression	1116	(1)
Nontraditional Inheritance	1116	(1)
Genetic Screening, Counseling, and Therapy	1117	(6)
APPENDICES
A The Metric System	1123	(2)
B The Amino Acids	1125	(1)
C Functional Groups in Organic Molecules	1126	(1)
D Three Important Metabolic Pathways	1127	(3)
E Periodic Table of the Elements	1130	(1)
F Reference Values for Selected Blood and Urine Studies	1131	(5)
G Answers to Making Connections, Multiple Choice, and Matching Questions	1136	(3)
Credits	1139	(2)
Glossary	1141	(20)
Index	1161