Human Behavior and the Social Environment: Shifting Paradigms in Essential Knowledge for Social Work Practice

by Schriver, Joe M.

• ISBN13: 9780205329694
• ISBN10: 0205329691
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-10-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

"Human Behavior and the Social Environment, 5/e, " explores, compares, and contrasts both traditional and alternative models in examining human behavior and the social environment. This text is part of the "Connecting Core Competencies Series," designed to guide students in becoming skilled at the Council on Social Work's core competencies. Each chapter reflects and integrates the latest CSWE competency standards (EPAS). End-of-chapter assessment reinforces this integration, and MySocialWorkLab provides activites and supports the mastery of CSWE's core competencies through activities, tests, an extensive library of videos and cases, and much more.

Table of Contents

Preface to Third Edition	xii
Human Behavior and the Social Environment (HBSE) and Paradigms	1	(59)
Purposes, Foundations, and Assumptions	3	(3)
Purposes of Social Work	3	(1)
Foundation Areas	3	(3)
Paradigms and Social Work	6	(15)
Two Types of Paradigms: Traditional and Alternative	7	(1)
Paradigm Analysis, Critical Thinking, and Deconstruction	8	(4)
Technology: Social Work and HBSE/SEHB	12	(1)
Paradigms and History	12	(4)
Social Work History: Science and Art	16	(2)
Paradigm Shift	18	(1)
Paradigm Shift, Social Work, and Social Change	19	(2)
Paradigms: Culture, Ethnicity, and Race	21	(8)
Culture and Society: Multiple Meanings	21	(2)
Ethnicity	23	(1)
Multiple Meanings of Race	23	(2)
Social Work and Cultural Competence	25	(1)
Paradigms, Culture, and Society	26	(1)
Social Work and the Liberal Arts	26	(2)
Paradigms, Power, and Empowerment	28	(1)
Summary/Transition	29	(1)
Internet Search Guide	30	(1)
References	30	(2)
Illustrative Reading 1.1 Toward Understanding the Association of Socioeconomic Status and Health: A New Challenge for the Biopsychosocial Approach by Anderson and Armstead	32	(18)
Illustrative Reading 1.2 Self-Determination from a Pacific Perspective by Ewalt and Mokuau	50	(10)
Traditional and Alternative Paradigms	60	(56)
Dimensions of Traditional and Dominant Paradigm	61	(10)
Positivistic/Scientific/Objective/Quantitative: Ways of Knowing	62	(2)
Masculinity/Patriarchy	64	(2)
Whiteness	66	(2)
Separate/Impersonal/Competitive	68	(2)
Privilege	70	(1)
Dimensions of Alternative/Possible Paradigms	71	(27)
Interpretive/Intuitive/Subjective/Qualitative: Ways of Knowing	72	(14)
Feminisms	86	(3)
Diversities	89	(6)
Interrelated/Personal/Integrative	95	(2)
Oppressions	97	(1)
Summary/Transition	98	(2)
Internet Search Guide	100	(1)
References	100	(3)
Illustrative Reading 2.1 Providing Services to Hispanic/Latino Populations: Profiles in Diversity by Castex	103	(13)
Paradigm Thinking and Social Work Knowledge for Practice	116	(52)
Tools and Terms for Thinking About Thinking	118	(11)
Ontology and Epistemology	118	(1)
The Meaning of Metaphor	119	(1)
The Necessity of Appreciating Ambiguity	120	(1)
The Personal as Political: Individual and Social Change	121	(1)
Human Behavior and the Social Environment (HBSE) and Social Environment and Human Behavior (SEHB)	122	(1)
The Substantive Nature of Language and Words	122	(4)
Technology	126	(2)
Social Work and Assessment	128	(1)
Tools for Social Workers: Theories for Practice	129	(25)
Traditional Theoretical Perspectives	129	(2)
Mid-Range Theoretical Approaches	131	(7)
Alternative Theoretical Approaches	138	(16)
Summary/Transition	154	(1)
Internet Search Guide	154	(1)
References	155	(3)
Illustrative Reading 3.1 Indigenous People and the Social Work Profession: Defining Culturally Competent Services by Weaver	158	(10)
Traditional/Dominant Perspectives on Individuals	168	(65)
A Critical Perspective on Developmental Journeys: Ladders to Climb?	169	(18)
Critiques of Traditional Stage-Based Theories of Individual Development	170	(1)
The Social Environment and Traditional Theories of Individual Development: Too Little ``SE'' and Too Much ``HB''	170	(4)
Developmental Perspectives: Commonality and Diversity	174	(11)
Developmental Paradigms and Social Work	185	(1)
The Traditional and the Possible (Alternatives)	185	(1)
Reductionism and Determinism	186	(1)
Traditional and Dominant Developmental Theories	187	(13)
Freud	187	(6)
Piaget	193	(2)
Kohlberg	195	(1)
Analysis/Criticism: ``Women's Place'' in Freud, Piaget, Kohlberg	196	(1)
Erikson	196	(4)
Erikson's ``Eight Ages of Man''	200	(12)
Levinson: Adult Development	204	(3)
Disengagement Theory of Aging	207	(1)
Analysis/Criticism: ``Woman's Place'' in Adult Development	208	(1)
Analysis/Criticism: Traditional Developmental Approaches and People of Color	209	(3)
Summary/Transition	212	(1)
Internet Search Guide	212	(1)
References	213	(1)
Illustrative Reading 4.1 Negotiating the World: The Developmental Journey of African American Children by Gomes and Mabry	214	(19)
Alternative/Possible Perspectives on Individuals	233	(82)
Destinations	235	(1)
Alternative and Possible Developmental Theories	236	(11)
SEHB and Individual Development	237	(1)
Poverty: The Social Environment and the Life Span	238	(1)
A Global Perspective on Poverty: Hunger	239	(2)
Identity Development	241	(2)
Sexuality	243	(1)
Multiple Intelligences	244	(2)
Creativity	246	(1)
Focus: People of Color	247	(19)
Introduction	247	(1)
Who Are People of Color: Demographic Status	247	(1)
Who Are People of Color: Population and Population Change	247	(2)
Development Perspectives and People of Color: Emphasis on Children and Youth	249	(5)
An Interactive Model	254	(2)
Life Span and Adult Developmental Models and People of Color	256	(4)
The Adult Development of African American Men: An Extension of Levinson's Model of Adult Development	260	(2)
Multiracial Identities	262	(4)
Focus: Whiteness/White Identity	266	(2)
White Identity Development Ego Statuses	267	(1)
Focus: Women	268	(10)
Women and Development: A Different Voice	269	(5)
Adult Women and Development Experiences	274	(4)
Focus: Sexual Orientation	278	(11)
Sexual Orientation and Biology	278	(1)
Human Development Perspective on Lesbian, Gay Male, and Bisexual Development	279	(1)
Multiple Meanings of Lesbianism	280	(1)
Lewis's Model of Lesbian Development	281	(2)
Bisexualities	283	(2)
Cass's Model of Homosexual Identity Formation	285	(1)
Kimmel's Perspective on Adult Development and Aging	286	(3)
Focus: Person with Disabilities	289	(4)
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)	289	(2)
Persons with Disabilities and Social and Economic Justice	291	(1)
ADA and Advocating for Social and Economic Justice	292	(1)
Focus: Men	293	(5)
Men, Masculinity, and Identity	293	(1)
NOMAS: An Alternative Vision of Maleness	294	(1)
Men and Violence	295	(3)
Summary/Commonalities	298	(1)
Internet Search Guide	298	(1)
References	299	(16)
Illustrative Reading 5.1 The Development of Women's Sense of Self by Miller	302	(13)
Perspectives on Familiness	315	(76)
Familiness	316	(2)
Social Work and Families	318	(11)
Social Work Implications	318	(1)
Current Influences on Families	318	(1)
SEHB: The Social Environment and Family	319	(1)
The Digital Divide: Technology and Families	320	(6)
Family and Global Issues: Immigration:	326	(3)
Approaches to Understanding Familiness	329	(4)
Life Course Theory and Familiness	329	(4)
Family-Centered Practice	333	(1)
Traditional Models	333	(11)
Traditional Definitions	334	(2)
Duvall and Hill: National Conference on Family Life Model	336	(1)
Changes in Traditional Family Life Cycle Models	337	(5)
Grandparents as Parents	342	(2)
The Alternative/Possible	344	(2)
Alternative Definitions	344	(2)
Focus: People of Color	346	(13)
Adaptive Strategies	347	(9)
Familiness and Multiracial Realities	356	(3)
Focus: Women	359	(6)
Feminist Perspectives on Families and Familiness	359	(5)
Summary	364	(1)
Focus: Sexual Orientation	365	(8)
Familiness from a Lesbian/Gay Perspective	365	(1)
Traditional Family Development Theories: Implications for Gay and Lesbian Families	366	(2)
Defining Gay and Lesbian Families	368	(5)
Summary	373	(1)
Internet Search Guide	374	(1)
References	374	(3)
Illustrative Reading 6.1 Quiet Success: Parenting Parenting Strengths among African Americans by Hurd, Moore, and Rogers	377	(14)
Perspectives on Groups	391	(41)
Definitions	392	(1)
Historical Perspective	392	(2)
History of Group Theory and Practice	393	(1)
History of a Group	393	(1)
Traditional and Alternative Perspectives	394	(29)
Process and Product Dimensions	394	(1)
Goals and Purposes	394	(2)
Membership	396	(1)
Leadership, Followership, and Decision-Making	397	(2)
Democratic Groups	399	(3)
Roles and Norms	402	(1)
Conformity and Deviance in Groups	403	(3)
Individual and Group Dimensions	406	(3)
Stage Theories and Models	409	(2)
Social Systems/Ecological Perspectives	411	(2)
Diversity, Oppression, and Groups	413	(9)
Effective Groups	422	(1)
Summary	423	(1)
Internet Search Guide	424	(1)
References	424	(1)
Illustrative Reading 7.1 Democracy, Diversity, and Social Capital by Chang	425	(7)
Perspectives on Organizations	432	(66)
Historical Perspective on Organizations	434	(1)
Basic Concepts/Definitions	435	(2)
Types of Organizations	437	(1)
Technology, Organizations, and Social Policy	437	(3)
The Digital Divide and Organizations: Technology, Poverty, and Inequality	439	(1)
Traditional Paradigms	440	(10)
Scientific Management or Classical Theory	441	(2)
Bureaucracy	443	(2)
Human Relations	445	(2)
Theory X and Theory Y	447	(1)
Systems Perspectives	448	(1)
Contingency Theory	449	(1)
Strengths, Weaknesses, Criticism	450	(1)
Alternative Paradigms	451	(24)
Organizational Culture	452	(1)
Organizational Climate	453	(1)
The ``Iron Law of Oligarchy''	454	(1)
A Critical Perspective	455	(2)
Consensus Organizations	457	(3)
Modified Consensus Organizations	460	(1)
Feminist Approaches to Organizations	461	(1)
Chaos/Complexity Theory and Organizations	462	(1)
Theory Z	463	(4)
Total Quality Management	467	(1)
Learning Organizations	468	(1)
Global Issues	469	(1)
World-Class Organizations	469	(1)
The Intelligent Organization	470	(1)
Managing Diversity	471	(4)
Conclusion	475	(1)
Summary	476	(1)
Internet Search Guide	476	(1)
References	477	(1)
Illustrative Reading 8.1 Persons with Disabilities---I Am John by Fishley	478	(9)
Illustrative Reading 8.2 Role of Latina-Owned Beauty Parlors in a Latino Community by Delgado	487	(11)
Perspectives on Community (ies)	498	(64)
Historical Perspectives on Community	500	(1)
Defining Community	501	(1)
Traditional Perspectives	502	(4)
Community as Place	502	(1)
Community as Functions	503	(1)
Community as Middle Ground, Mediator, or Link	503	(1)
Community as Ways of Relating	504	(1)
Community as Social System	505	(1)
Alternative Perspectives	506	(35)
Alternative Approaches to Community	506	(1)
SEHB and Community: Poverty Reduction	507	(1)
Community Building/Community Renewal	507	(1)
People- and Place-Based Strategies	508	(1)
Community Building and Physical Environment	509	(1)
Comprehensive Community Initiatives	509	(4)
Economic Perspectives on Community: Capital	513	(1)
Types of Capital: Financial, Human, and Social	514	(6)
Civil Society, Civic Culture, and Civic Ethic	520	(1)
Social Capital and Diversity	520	(1)
Nonplace Community	520	(6)
Technology and Community	526	(1)
Technology and Social Network	526	(2)
Community as Social Network	528	(1)
Qualitative Aspects of Community	528	(2)
Intentional Communities	530	(3)
Community: Social and Economic Justice and Oppression	533	(3)
Diversity and Community	536	(5)
Summary	541	(1)
Internet Search Guide	541	(1)
References	542	(2)
Illustrative Reading 9.1 Hip-Hop Nation: The Undeveloped Social Capital of Black Urban America by Sullivan	544	(8)
Illustrative Reading 9.2 Turbulence among a Native People: Social Work Practice with Hawaiians by Mokuau and Matsuoka	552	(10)
Putting It All Together: Toward More Complete Views of Humans and Knowledge about Us	562	(8)
Ending is Beginning	562	(1)
Interconnections	563	(6)
Traditional or Alternative or Both?	564	(1)
Alternative Paradigms and Social Work	564	(1)
Research and Knowledge for Practice (HSBE/SEHB)	565	(1)
Research, Practice, and Field Partnerships	565	(1)
Practice and/as Policy	566	(1)
Re-visioning through Alternative Paradigms	567	(2)
Beginnings	569	(1)
References	569	(1)
Index	570