Human Communication Disorders : An Introduction

by Shames, George H.; Anderson, Noma B.

• ISBN13: 9780205337064
• ISBN10: 0205337066
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

Human Communication Disorders is the leading introductory text in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology that contains contributions from leading authorities which bring life to the world of people with communication disorders and excite students about the challenges and rewards of helping them. The sixth edition of Human Communication Disorders continues this text's tradition of focusing on understanding the underlying nature of communication problems. While thoroughly explaining the current theory and research, it also presents the "nuts and bolts" of clinical therapy at the depth of detail students require. The text covers a broad range of topics in fifteen chapters that are arranged by major focus into four parts. Part One, "Introduction," provides an overview of the discipline its history, philosophy, ethics, professions, career opportunities, and legal and legislative foundations. Part Two, "Normal Aspects of Human Communication," provides information about theoretical and scientific principles that underlie the communication process. Part Three, "Disorders of Speech, Language, and Fluency," considers each of these major categories. Each chapter places the disorders in perspective, discusses basic theories of causation, introduces identifying characteristics, and presents an overview of procedures for evaluation and treatment. Part Four, "Medical Aspects of Human Communication," provides an introduction to communication disorders that are medically related. This section of the text includes hearing problems, voice disorders, cleft palate and associated craniofacial abnormalities, and communication disorders resulting from neurogenic impairments. A number of the chapters include discussions of cultural and linguistic diversity as well. The individual chapters are written by recognized experts in the fields of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology. The first-generation authors of chapters for the first editions of the text have selected the next generation of authors to continue the traditions of currency and expertise. All chapters in the prior edition were submitted for peer reviews and authors have updated their chapters in responses to input. The book has been recommended as appropriate preparation for the clinical certification examination in Speech Pathology given by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Human Communication Disorders: An Introduction	1	(27)
Frederick T. Spahr
Russell K. Malone
Are Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Professions?	4	(2)
What Do Audiologists Do?	6	(4)
What Do Speech-Language Pathologists Do?	10	(3)
What Do Speech-Language-Hearing Scientists Do?	13	(1)
Career and Job Opportunities	14	(3)
Attributes and Requirements	17	(1)
Credentialing	18	(3)
Associations	21	(3)
Future Considerations	24	(2)
Rewards	26	(1)
Selected Readings	27	(1)
Development of Communication, Language, and Speech	28	(42)
Robert E. Owens, Jr.
Communication	30	(4)
Language	34	(23)
Speech	57	(11)
Summary	68	(1)
Study Questions	69	(1)
The Biology and Physics of Speech	70	(36)
Raymond D. Kent
Houri K. Vorperian
The Anatomy and Physiology of Speech Production	73	(25)
The Acoustics of Speech	98	(6)
Summary	104	(1)
Study Questions	105	(1)
Multicultural Influences on Human Communication	106	(35)
Kay T. Payne
Orlando L. Taylor
Basic Concepts Related to Culture and Language	110	(8)
Dialects of American English	118	(10)
Language Differences and Communication Disorders	128	(11)
Summary	139	(1)
Study Questions	140	(1)
Selected Readings	140	(1)
Phonological Disorders	141	(45)
Richard G. Schwartz
The Nature of Phonological Disorders	146	(3)
Determinants of Phonological Disorders	149	(8)
Assessment	157	(18)
Intervention	175	(9)
Summary	184	(1)
Study Questions	184	(1)
Projects	184	(1)
Selected Readings	185	(1)
Communication Disorders in Infants, Toddlers, and Preschool Children	186	(32)
Amy M. Wetherby
Nature of Language Disorders in Young Children	189	(9)
Service Delivery Models for Infants, Toddlers, and Preschool Children	198	(2)
Assessment Issues and Strategies	200	(7)
Intervention Approaches and Strategies	207	(9)
Final Comment	216	(1)
Study Questions	216	(1)
Project	217	(1)
Selected Readings	217	(1)
Language Disabilities in School-Age Children and Youth	218	(40)
Barbara Culatta
Elisabeth H. Wiig
Nature of School Language	220	(7)
Definition and Identification of Language Impairments	227	(3)
Types of Language Impairments	230	(13)
Assessment and Planning	243	(2)
Language and Literary Intervention	245	(10)
Summary	255	(1)
Study Questions	256	(1)
Projects	257	(1)
Selected Readings	257	(1)
Stuttering and Other Disorders of Fluency	258	(45)
Peter R. Ramig
George H. Shames
Definition	266	(5)
Theories of Causation	271	(7)
Normal Disfluency	278	(1)
The Development of Stuttering	279	(1)
The Assessment Process	280	(5)
Therapy for Stuttering	285	(12)
Prevention	297	(1)
Some Final Thoughts by a Prodigy of Stuttering	298	(2)
Summary	300	(1)
Study Questions	301	(1)
Projects	301	(1)
Selected Readings	302	(1)
Hearing and Hearing Disorders	303	(46)
Frederick N. Martin
Bart E. Noble
The Nature of Sound	308	(3)
Disorders of Hearing	311	(9)
The Measurement of Hearing	320	(9)
Types of Hearing Loss	329	(4)
Implications of Hearing Loss	333	(2)
Remediation	335	(12)
Summary	347	(1)
Study Questions	348	(1)
Selected Readings	348	(1)
Voice Disorders	349	(45)
Christine Sapienza
Douglas M. Hicks
Voice Problems among Communication Disorders	353	(2)
Phonation and the Larynx	355	(1)
Parallel Perceptual and Physical Factors	356	(2)
Resonance	358	(2)
Factors That Influence Vocal Fold Vibration and Voice	360	(1)
Immobility	361	(9)
Voice Disorders Related to Resonance Deviations	370	(1)
Assessment and Diagnosis	371	(4)
Therapy for Voice Disorders	375	(17)
Summary	392	(1)
Study Questions	392	(1)
Selected Readings	393	(1)
Cleft Palate and Associated Anomalies of the Craniofacial Complex	394	(40)
Betty Jane McWilliams
Ellen R. Cohn
Cleft Lip and Palate Classification	398	(2)
Causal Factors	400	(1)
Prevalence	401	(1)
Other Structural Anomalies	402	(1)
Motor and Sensory Deficits	403	(1)
Craniofacial Syndromes Associated with Clefting	403	(3)
Neonatal Issues	406	(2)
Psychosocial Issues Affecting Speech and Language	408	(1)
Associated Communication Disorders	408	(11)
Diagnostic Tools and Methods	419	(8)
Treatment Approaches	427	(4)
Summary	431	(1)
Study Questions	432	(1)
Selected Readings	433	(1)
Neurogenic Disorders of Speech in Children	434	(38)
James C. Hardy
Developmental Apraxia of Speech (DAS)	440	(3)
Developmental Dysarthria	443	(25)
The Era of Assistive Technology	468	(1)
Summary	469	(1)
Study Questions	470	(1)
Projects	471	(1)
Selected Readings	471	(1)
Neurogenic Disorders of Speech in Adults	472	(38)
Leonard L. LaPointe
Richard C. Katz
Classifications and Definitions	478	(3)
Basic Concepts	481	(3)
Components of the Motor Speech System	484	(1)
Causes of Neurogenic Speech Disorders	485	(2)
Characteristics and Types	487	(6)
Assessment	493	(7)
Treatment	500	(2)
Specific Treatment Goals	502	(4)
Counseling	506	(1)
Summary	507	(1)
Study Questions	508	(1)
Projects	508	(1)
Selected Readings	509	(1)
Aphasia and Related Acquired Language Disorders	510	(35)
Audrey L. Holland
Oscar M. Reinmuth
Aphasia and the Brain	514	(6)
Syndromes of Aphasia	520	(5)
Mechanisms of Aphasia	525	(2)
The Person with Aphasia	527	(2)
The Natural Recovery Process in Aphasia	529	(1)
The Assisted Recovery Process in Aphasia	530	(7)
Related Disorders	537	(6)
Summary	543	(1)
Study Questions	544	(1)
Projects	544	(1)
Selected Readings	544	(1)
Augmentative and Alternative Communication	545	(50)
Kathleen A. Kangas
Lyle L. Lloyd
Potential Users of AAC	549	(1)
Functions of AAC	549	(1)
Categories of AAC	550	(1)
AAC Model	550	(15)
Reasons for AAC Success	565	(2)
Communicative Competence	567	(1)
Types of Impairments	568	(6)
Assessment	574	(6)
Intervention	580	(3)
Future Research	583	(1)
Funding, Rights, and User Perspectives	584	(3)
Professional and Support Organizations	587	(1)
Review of Case Studies	588	(4)
Study Questions	592	(1)
Projects	593	(1)
Selected Readings	593	(2)
Glossary	595	(10)
References	605	(32)
Author Index	637	(8)
Subject Index	645	(8)
About the Authors	653