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9780205435012

Human Communication in Everyday Life Explanations and Applications

by ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780205435012

  • ISBN10:

    0205435017

  • Edition: 1st
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2007-06-06
  • Publisher: Pearson

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Summary

Human Communication in Everyday Lifeintroduces readers to the basic concepts in human communication and demonstrates how they can be used in a variety of communicative contexts.Built on a social-scientific approach, Human Communication in Everyday Lifefocuses on research that has come to light within the field in the last 30 years. The first part of this book is dedicated to introducing the basic concepts involved in the study of human communication while the second half explores the application of these concepts. Each chapter is filled with current research and pop-culture examples designed to help make this book reader-friendly and informative. Many of the chapters also include Research Measures that readers can fill out to help gauge their own communicative behaviors on a personal level.

Table of Contents

Prologuep. xvii
Acknowledgmentsp. xxiii
Communication Principles
The Process of Human Communicationp. 2
Definitions of Communicationp. 3
Types of Communicationp. 4
Accidental Communicationp. 4
Expressive Communicationp. 5
Rhetorical Communicationp. 6
Clarifying the Definition of Communicationp. 7
Critical Components of Human Communicationp. 8
The Sourcep. 8
The Receiverp. 9
The Messagep. 10
The Channelsp. 10
Feedbackp. 11
Goalsp. 11
Contextp. 13
Models of Communicationp. 16
The Rhetorical Communication Modelp. 16
The Interpersonal Communication Modelp. 17
Thinking about Communicationp. 19
Ten Common Misconceptionsp. 19
Meanings Are in Wordsp. 19
Communication Is a Is a Verbal Processp. 20
Telling Is Communicatingp. 21
Communication Will Solve All Our Problemsp. 21
Communication Is a Good Thingp. 22
The More Communication, the Betterp. 23
Communication Can Break Downp. 23
Communication Is a Natural Abilityp. 24
Interpersonal Communication = Intimate Communicationp. 24
Communication Competence = Communication Effectivenessp. 26
Interpersonal Perceptions and Realitiesp. 30
Perceiving Sourcesp. 32
Source Credibilityp. 32
Interpersonal Attractionp. 34
Homophilyp. 36
Other Perceptions of Sourcesp. 38
Extraversion (Dynamism)p. 39
Composure (Neuroticism)p. 39
Sociability (Psychoticism)p. 39
Personality and Temperament in Communicationp. 40
Personality Traits and Communication Behaviorp. 41
The Role of Biology in Human Communicationp. 43
Personality Variables in Communicationp. 45
Adventurousnessp. 45
Authoritarianismp. 46
Dogmatismp. 46
Emotional Maturityp. 46
General Anxietyp. 46
Locus of Controlp. 47
Machiavellianismp. 47
Self-Controlp. 48
Self-Esteemp. 48
Tolerance for Ambiguityp. 49
Argumentativenessp. 49
Verbal Aggressionp. 50
Exhilaratabilityp. 50
Communication Approach and Avoidance Traitsp. 54
Defining and Distinguishing among Communication Traitsp. 56
Shynessp. 56
Willingness to Communicatep. 56
Communication Apprehensionp. 56
Self-Perceived Communication Competencep. 57
Compulsive Communicationp. 57
Shynessp. 57
Willingness to Communicate (WTC)p. 59
Genetic Factorsp. 60
Childhood Reinforcementp. 60
Skill Deficienciesp. 61
Social Introversionp. 62
Social Alienationp. 62
Ethnic or Cultural Divergencep. 63
Communication Apprehension (CA)p. 64
Interpreting Personal Report of Communication Apprehension-24 (PRCA) Scoresp. 64
Communication Apprehension as a Traitp. 65
Communication Apprehension in Generalized Contextsp. 66
Communication Apprehension with a Given Individual or Group across Contextsp. 68
Communication Apprehension with a Given Individual or Group in a Given Situationp. 68
Causes of Trait Communication Apprehensionp. 69
Causes of Situational Communication Apprehensionp. 69
Effects of Communication Apprehensionp. 71
Effects of Shyness and WTCp. 72
Perceptions of Quiet Peoplep. 75
Compulsive Communication (Talkaholics)p. 75
Communication Competence and Self-Perceived Communication Competence (SPCC)p. 77
Assertivenessp. 78
Responsivenessp. 79
Versatilityp. 80
Competence and Androgynyp. 82
Competence and Contextp. 83
Messages and Meaningsp. 86
Distinctions between Verbal and Nonverbal Messagesp. 88
Relationships between Verbal and Nonverbal Messagesp. 89
Functions of Nonverbal Messagesp. 90
Accentingp. 90
Complementingp. 90
Contradictingp. 90
Repeatingp. 91
Regulatingp. 91
Substitutingp. 91
Nonverbal Messagesp. 92
Body Movements and Gesturesp. 92
Physical Appearance and Attractivenessp. 95
Dress and Artifactsp. 96
Facial Expressions and Eye Behaviorp. 97
Use of the Voicep. 98
Territory and Personal Spacep. 99
Touchp. 101
Environmental Factorsp. 102
Smellp. 104
Timep. 105
Messages and Relationshipsp. 110
Immediacyp. 111
Verbal Immediacyp. 111
Nonverbal Immediacyp. 112
Outcomes of Immediacyp. 116
Intimacyp. 117
Self-Disclosurep. 117
Sexual Relationsp. 119
Statusp. 120
Eye Contactp. 121
Kinesic Behaviorsp. 121
Vocal Behaviorp. 121
Use of Space and Touchp. 122
Use of Timep. 122
Dressp. 122
Selectivity and Attributionp. 124
Selectivity Processesp. 125
Selective Exposurep. 126
Selective Attentionp. 128
Selective Perceptionp. 129
Selective Retentionp. 132
Selective Recallp. 134
Causal Attributionp. 134
Causal Attribution Definedp. 134
Attribution Sourcesp. 135
Attribution Conditionsp. 135
Basic Attribution Errorp. 137
Understanding and Influencing Attitudes and Behaviorsp. 140
The Nature of Attitudes, Beliefs, and Valuesp. 141
Attitudesp. 142
Beliefsp. 143
Valuesp. 145
Dimensions of Attitudes, Beliefs, and Valuesp. 146
Directionp. 146
Intensityp. 147
Saliencep. 148
Development of Attitudes, Beliefs, and Valuesp. 149
Changes in Attitudesp. 151
Consistency Theoryp. 152
Restoring Consistencyp. 154
Power and Influencep. 158
Levels of Influencep. 159
Compliancep. 159
Identificationp. 161
Internalizationp. 161
Powerp. 162
Assigned Powerp. 162
Coercive Powerp. 163
Reward Powerp. 164
Referent Powerp. 165
Expert Powerp. 165
Communication and Interpersonal Influencep. 165
Behavior Alteration Techniques (BAT)p. 166
Reward BATsp. 166
Punishment BATsp. 170
Relational BATsp. 171
Referent BATsp. 172
Assigned or Legitimate BATsp. 172
Moral Responsibility BATsp. 173
Expert BATsp. 174
Communication in Applied Contexts
Public Speakingp. 178
Nature of Public Speakingp. 180
Gaining Perspectivep. 181
The Basic Skillsp. 182
Topic Selectionp. 183
Organizing the Speechp. 184
Introducing the Speechp. 187
Concluding the Speechp. 188
Delivering the Speechp. 188
Handling Questionsp. 191
Effective Listeningp. 192
Developing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationshipsp. 198
The Nature of Interpersonal Relationshipsp. 200
Characteristics of Relationshipsp. 200
Stages of Relationship Developmentp. 204
Coming Togetherp. 204
Coming Apartp. 206
Relational Expectanciesp. 208
Short-Term Expectanciesp. 208
Long-Term Expectanciesp. 211
Gaining Affinity: Getting Others to Like Youp. 214
Managing Interpersonal Conflictp. 220
The Nature of Conflictp. 221
Tolerance for Disagreementp. 221
Conflict Management Techniquesp. 224
Preventing Conflictp. 228
Intercultural Communicationp. 232
The Nature of Culturep. 234
The Cultural Context of Communicationp. 237
Intracultural Communicationp. 238
Intercultural Communicationp. 238
Cross-Cultural Communicationp. 238
International Communicationp. 238
Interethnic Communicationp. 239
Interracial Communicationp. 239
Cultural Communication Apprehensionp. 239
Ethnocentrismp. 240
Favorable Aspects of Ethnocentrismp. 241
Unfavorable Aspects of Ethnocentrismp. 241
Coping with Ethnocentrism-Yours and Minep. 247
Equalityp. 247
Sensitivityp. 248
Indifferencep. 248
Avoidancep. 248
Disparagementp. 248
Improving Intercultural Communicationp. 249
Biological Sex and Gender in Communicationp. 254
Biological Differences between Males and Femalesp. 257
The Development of Sex Rolesp. 259
Psychological Gender Orientationp. 261
Sex Differences in Verbal Communicationp. 265
Self-Disclosurep. 265
Language Usep. 265
Subject Matterp. 266
Sex Differences in Nonverbal Communicationp. 267
Eye Behavior and Facial Expressionsp. 267
Posture and Gesturesp. 268
Personal Spacep. 268
Touching Behaviorp. 268
Gender and Interpersonal Relationshipsp. 269
Friendships between Femalesp. 270
Friendships between Malesp. 270
Intimate Female-Male Relationshipsp. 271
Health Communicationp. 278
What Is Health Communication?p. 279
Model of Health Communicationp. 280
Patient Communicationp. 283
The Effects of Patient Perceptionp. 283
Problems with Patient-Physician Communicationp. 286
Gender and Health Communicationp. 288
Communication Skills for Patientsp. 288
Physician Communicationp. 292
Medical Interviewp. 293
Communication Variables and Physician Communicationp. 297
Mediated Communicationp. 302
Evolution of Human Communicationp. 303
Early Development of Mediated Communicationp. 304
History of Writingp. 304
History of Technologyp. 306
Viewing Communication Multidimensionallyp. 307
Media and Dyadic Communicationp. 308
Media and Group Communicationp. 309
Mediated Public Communicationp. 310
The Switch to Interactionp. 311
Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC)p. 311
Future Considerationsp. 317
Distance Educationp. 317
Telecommutingp. 318
Organizational Communicationp. 320
Individual Differences in Organizationsp. 322
Organizational Orientationsp. 322
Sociocommunicative Orientations/Stylesp. 325
Immediacyp. 325
Communication Apprehension and Talkaholismp. 325
Affinity Seekingp. 326
Perceptions of People in Organizationsp. 328
Attractionp. 328
Homophilyp. 329
Source Credibilityp. 330
Management Communication Stylesp. 331
Tellp. 332
Sellp. 332
Consultp. 333
Joinp. 333
Research and Management Communication Stylep. 334
Power and Influence in Organizationsp. 334
Work Teams in Organizationsp. 334
Instructional Communicationp. 342
Student Communicationp. 344
Types of Learningp. 345
Anxiety in the Classroomp. 347
Student Motivationp. 349
Teacher Communicationp. 350
Communicator Clarityp. 350
Immediacy Behaviors in the Classroomp. 352
Humor in the Classroomp. 354
Teacher Misbehaviors in the Classroomp. 355
Scales for the Measurement of Communication Phenomenap. 363
Glossaryp. 420
Indexp. 427
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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