The Human Evolution Coloring Book

by Zihlman, Adrienne L.; Simmons, Carla J.

• ISBN13: 9780062737175
• ISBN10: 0062737171
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2009-12-07
• Publisher: HarperCollins Publications

Summary

The completely revised "Human Evolution Coloring Book Provides an authoritative, scientific background for understanding the origins of humanityIncludes new discoveries and information essential for students of anthropology, primatology, paleontology, comparative anatomy, and geneticsBrings together evidence from living primates, fossils, and molecular studiesExplains the latest dating methods, including radioactive, paleomagnetic, and molecular clocksSurveys the world of living primates, their ecology, locomotion, diet, behavior, and life historiesClarifies the anatomical and behavioral similarities and differences between ourselves and our closest living relatives, the chimpanzee and the gorillaResolves some long-standing mysteries about our relationship to the extinct Neanderthals

Table of Contents

Acknowledgment

Preface

Coloring Instructions

Section 1 Evidence for Evolution

Mapping the Globe: Darwin's Voyage

Explaining Species: Darwin's Methods

Evidence for Evolution: Comparative Embryology: The Vertebrate Body

Evidence for Evolution: Comparative Anatomy: The Vertebrate Brain

Evidence for Evolution: New Structures from Old: Mammalian Ear Bones

Evidence for Evolution: Adaptive Radiation: Mammalian Forelimbs

Evidence for Evolution: Adaptive Radiation: Mammalian Dentition

Role of Environment: Convergence: Oceans and Swimming

Role of Environment: Convergence: Marsupials and Placentals

Particulate Inheritance: Mendel's Peas

Individual Variation: Mendelian Genetics: Law of Segregation

Individual Variation: Mendelian Genetics: Law of Independent Assortment

Heredity and the Cell: Somatic Cell Division: Mitosis

Heredity and the Cell: Sex Cell Division: Meiosis

Individual Variation: Fruit Flies, Mutations, and Linked Genes

Speciation and Genetic Drift: Snub-nose Monkeys

Natural Selection in Action: Galapagos Finches

The Changing Globe: Continental Drift

Time and Earth History: Life Originates and Diversifies

Earth History: Paleozoic: Life Leaves the Sea

Earth History: Mesozoic: Reptiles Reign, Mammals Emerge

Earth History: Cenozoic: Mammals Multiply

Section 2 The Molecular Basis of Life

The Molecular Basis of Life: DNA: The Double Helix

The Molecular Basis of Life: DNA Replication

The Molecular Basis of Life: DNA and RNA Molecules

Transcription and Translation: Protein Synthesis

The Alphabet of Life: The Universal Genetic Code

Evolution of a Protein: Lessons from Globin Genes

Relationships of Living Species: DNA Hybridization and DNA Sequencing

Relationships of Living Species: Immunology

Relationships of Living Species: Calibrating Molecular Clocks

Molecular Clocks: Proteins that Evolve at Different Rates

A Fast Molecular Clock: Mitochondrial DNA

Individual Variation: Mini- and Microsatellites: DNA Fingerprinting

Evolution at Two Levels: Molecules and Morphology

New Frontiers: Animal Body Plans: Homeobox Genes

New Frontiers: Lessons from an Extinct Species: The Return of the Quagga

Section 3 Our Living Primate Relatives

Primate Lineages: Kinds of Primates

Living Primates: World Distribution

Primate Ecology: Rain Forest Communities

Primate Ecology: Home Range and Territory

Primate Ecology: Habitat and Niche Separation

Food and Feeding: Diet and Dentition

Primates as Mammals: Tree Shrew Skeleton

Primate Locomotion: In the Trees and on the Ground

Locomotor Analysis: Body Proportions

Locomotor Independence: Infant Development

Primate Grasping: Hands and Feet

Manual Dexterity: Hands and Doing: Forelimb Flexibility

Behavioral Potential: Upright and Bipedal

Primates as Mammals: The Social Revolution and Mammalian Brain

Sensory Adaptations: Olfaction: Noses and Smelling: Communication

Sensory Adaptations: Eyes and Seeing: Visual Field and Depth Perception

Sensory Adaptations: Eyes and Seeing: The World of Day and Color

Visual Communication: Facial Expressions and Gestures

Sensory Adaptations: Audition: Ears and Hearing

Auditory Communication: Primate Vocalizations

The Brain Map: Cerebral Cortex

Communication, Language, and the Brain

Primate Social Life: Social Groups and Social Bonds

Primates as Mammals: Life Stages and Life History

Primate Life History: Female Reproductive Cycles

Primate Life History: Variation in Female Reproduction

Primate Life History: Infants and Survival

Primate Life History: Juveniles and Transitions

Primate Life History: Males and Social Living

Sex Differences: Female and Male Variation

Life Stories: Biography in Bones: Gombe Chimpanzees

Primate Intelligence: Solving Problems

Chimpanzee Behavior: Using Tools and Learning Skills

Population Variation: Behavior, Traditions, and Transmission

Symbols and Abstractions: The Candy Game

Section 4 Primate Diversity and Adaptation

Primate Origins: Rain Forests, Plants, and Primates

Primate Evolution: Archaic Primates in the Paleocene

Primate Evolution: Primate Diversity in the Eocene

Prosimian Family Tree: Adaptive Radiation

Prosimian Ecology and Niche Separation: Galagos and Pottos

Prosimians: Island Isolation and Lemur Ecology

Lemur Reproduction: Female Dominance, Ecology, and Energetics

Tarsiers: Leaping Specialists

Prosimians and Anthropoids: Special Senses and Dentition

Primate Evolution: Anthropoids of the Fayum, Egypt

New Wold Monkey Origins: The Rafting Hypothesis

New World Monkey Family Tree: Adaptive Radiation

New World Monkeys: Callitrichins: Tamarins and Marmosets

New World Monkeys: Co-parenting in Titi Monkeys

New Wolrld Monkeys: Pitheciins and Seed Predation

New World Monkeys: Cebines: Animal Predators

New World Monkeys: Atelines and Prehensile Tails

New World and Old World Monkeys: More than a Matter of Noses

Old World Monkey Family Tree: Adaptive Radiation

Old World Monkeys: Banquet and Smorgasbod Feeders

Old World World Monkeys: Guenons: Masked Monkeys

Old World Monkeys: African Colobus Monkeys

Old World Monkeys: Hanuman Langurs: Sacred Monkeys

Old World Monkeys: Macaques: Weed and Nonweed

Old World Monkeys and Apes: Locomotor Adaptation: Trunk Proportions

Old World Monkeys and Apes: Feeding Spheres: Locomotor-Feeding Anatomy

Fossil Monkeys in the Miocene and Pliocene

Fossil Apes in he Miocene

Miocene Apes: Putting Proconsul Together

Ape Family Tree: Adaptive Radiation

Asian Apes: Gibbons and Siamangs: Acrobatic Singers

Asian Apes: Orangutans: Enigmatic Apes

African Apes: Patterns of Sexual Dimorphism

African Apes: Gorillas: Gentle Giants

African Apes: Chimpanzees: Contrast in Social Living

Chimpanzees and Humans: Comparative Anatomy

Section 5 Human Evolution

Sherwood Washburn and the New Physical Anthropology

Human Origins: The Ecological Theater and the Savanna Mosaic

Fossils in the Making: From Death to Discovery

Measuring Time: Nuclear and Paleomagnetic Clocks

Early Hominid Sites: Distribution in Time and Space

Hominid Site: Olduvai George, Tanzania

Hominid Site: Koobi Fora, Lake Turkana, Kenya

Hominid Sites: West Lake Turkana and Allia Bay, Kenya

Hominid Sites: Afar Triangle, Ethiopia

Hominid Sites: Taung and Sterkfontein, South Africa

Hominid Site: Swartkrans, South Africa

South African Caves: Predators and Prey

Early Hominid Behavior: Lines of Evidence

Chimpanzees and Humans: Bipedal Anatomy and Locomotion

Hominid Locomotion: Pelvis and Lower Limb

Hominid Locomotion: Footprints and Foot Bones

Hominid Locomotion: What Does Lucy Tell Us?

Australopithecines: Cranial and Facial Comparisons

Australophithecines: Dental Comparisons

Australopithecine Adaptation: Gracile and Robust Species

The Great Brain Drain: Brain Evolution

New Techniques: Making Visible the Invisible

Hand Function: Locomotion and Tools

Early Homo in Africa: Hominids Leave Africa: The First Wave

Expansion into Europe: Homo heidelbergensis

The Neanderthals: A Distinct Species

Origin of Homo sapiens: Out of Africa

Neanderthals and Modern Humans in the Near East

Expansion of Homo sapiens and the Origin of Art

Language and the Brain: The Left Brain Interpreter

Section 6 Human Adaptation

Sexual Reproduction and Fertilization

Human Development: Body Segments and Body Proportions

Growth and Development: Body Systems and Life Stages

Growth and Development: Head and Dentition

Growth and Development: Bones and the Skeleton

Hard Tissue Markers of Life Events

Human Variation: Sex Chromosomes and Sex-linked Genes

Sexual Development, Sex Differences, and Body Composition

Population Variation: Human Reproduction and Cultural Influence

Human Adaptation: Skin as the Protective Body Shield

Human Adaptation: Milk and Culture: Lactose and Lactase

Human Adaptation: Living at High Altitudes

Populations and ABO Blood Groups

Human Adaptation: Sickle Cell Trait: Defense against Malaria

Human Adaptation: Sickle Cell: Environment and Culture

Human Migrations: Genes and Language

Getting the Most Out of Color

Appendix

Bibliography

Index