Preface | |
Introduction and Overview | p. 1 |
Definition of Motivational Psychology | p. 1 |
Characteristics of a "Good" Motivational Explanation | p. 2 |
Problem- Versus Theory-Focused Textbooks | p. 4 |
The Nature of Being | p. 6 |
Metaphors and the Nature of Being | p. 11 |
Metaphors and the Study of Human Motivation | p. 13 |
Overview of the Book | p. 14 |
Psychoanalytic, Ethological, and Sociobiological Theories: Mechanism in Biology | p. 23 |
Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory of Motivation | p. 23 |
Ethology and Mechanism | p. 41 |
Sociobiology | p. 48 |
General Summary | p. 58 |
Drive Theory | p. 59 |
Freud and Hull: Some Conceptual Comparisons | p. 59 |
Mechanistic Learning Theory Prior to Hull | p. 61 |
The Drive Concept | p. 63 |
Empirical Support for Drive Theory | p. 67 |
Secondary (Learned) Drives | p. 72 |
Incentives | p. 75 |
Anxiety | p. 79 |
Conflict | p. 86 |
Frustration | p. 93 |
Social Facilitation | p. 97 |
Gestalt Theory and Its Derivatives: Field Theory and Balance | p. 111 |
Gestalt Psychology | p. 111 |
Field Theory | p. 113 |
Empirical Research | p. 124 |
Balance Theory | p. 140 |
Epilogue to the Machine Metaphor | p. 149 |
Expectancy-Value Theories: Humans as All-Knowing Decision Makers | p. 159 |
Criticisms of the Mechanistic Concepts of Habit and Drive | p. 159 |
Theoretical Assumptions and Relation to Decision Theory | p. 161 |
Lewin's Resultant Valence Theory | p. 163 |
Atkinson's Theory of Achievement Motivation | p. 168 |
A Theory of Achievement Motivation | p. 180 |
Rotter's Social Learning Theory | p. 202 |
General Summary | p. 219 |
Attributional Theories of Motivation: Persons as Scientists | p. 221 |
Personal Construct Theory | p. 222 |
Attribution Theory | p. 229 |
Attribution and Motivation | p. 232 |
The Content of Causal Thinking | p. 246 |
Causal Dimensions (Properties) | p. 248 |
Motivational Dynamics of Perceived Causality: Expectancy of Success | p. 253 |
Motivational Dynamics of Perceived Causality: Self-Esteem | p. 270 |
An Attributional Theory of Motivation | p. 277 |
Epilogue to the Complete Rationality Assumption (the Godlike Metaphor) | p. 287 |
Humans as Evaluating Judges | p. 301 |
Emotion | p. 302 |
Emotions and Motivation | p. 313 |
Helping Behavior | p. 314 |
Aggression | p. 329 |
Interpersonal Relationships | p. 331 |
Achievement Appraisal | p. 334 |
Impression Management Techniques | p. 337 |
Review, Theoretical Comparisons, and Final Comments | p. 343 |
Altruism and Help Giving | p. 344 |
Aggression | p. 345 |
Achievement Strivings and Expectancy of Success | p. 347 |
Affective Antecedents and Consequences | p. 348 |
Behavioral Change | p. 350 |
Theoretical Comparisons | p. 351 |
Barriers to the Formulation of a General Theory of Motivation | p. 354 |
Principles for the Construction of a General Theory of Motivation | p. 358 |
A Concluding Note | p. 364 |
References | p. 365 |
Author Index | p. 383 |
Subject Index | p. 389 |
About the Author | p. 393 |
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