The Human Resource Function in Emerging Enterprises

by Hornsby, Jeffrey S.; Kuratko, Donald F.

• ISBN13: 9780030341618
• ISBN10: 0030341612
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-10-17
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

This resourceful book provides a guide for effective human resource management practices in small and emerging organizations. While its content covers traditional HR practices, its focus and applications are toward firms that are formalizing their HR functions. Each chapter offers step-by-step guidelines for implementing the HR function.

Table of Contents

The Human Resource Function and Emerging Firms	p. 1
The Emerging Issue	p. 2
Chapter Overview	p. 2
Human Resource Management in the Emerging Firm	p. 3
The Major Human Resource Functions	p. 6
Internal Factors	p. 8
External Challenges	p. 9
The Historical Development of the Human Resource Function	p. 10
Pre-1910: Production Centered	p. 11
1910-1930: The Birth of the HR Function	p. 11
1930-1960: HR's Childhood--A Time of Expanding Responsibilities	p. 11
1960-1980: HR's Teenage Years--An Increasing Awareness of the Value of Employees	p. 12
1980-Present: The Maturing of the HR Function--Dealing with Crisis Management	p. 12
Human Resource Management's Role in Total Quality Management	p. 12
Human Resource Management and the Entrepreneurial Challenge	p. 14
The Future of the Human Resource Function	p. 16
Chapter Summary	p. 18
HR Tool Kit	p. 18
Legal Issues Impacting Human Resource Management	p. 21
The Emerging Issue	p. 22
Chapter Overview	p. 22
The Major Types of Legislation and Regulations	p. 22
Equal Employment Opportunity Legislation and Regulations	p. 23
Congressional Acts	p. 25
Executive Orders	p. 30
Employee Rights	p. 31
Proving Illegal Discrimination	p. 32
Establishing Adverse Impact	p. 32
Disparate Impact	p. 33
Disparate Treatment	p. 34
Defenses to Discrimination	p. 34
Affirmative Action Programs	p. 35
Compliance with Executive Order 11246	p. 35
Court-Ordered Consent Decree	p. 35
Voluntary Affirmative Action Plan	p. 35
Sexual Harassment	p. 36
Chapter Summary	p. 39
HR Tool Kit	p. 38
Job Analysis and Description	p. 41
The Emerging Issue	p. 42
Chapter Overview	p. 42
Job Analysis and Job Description	p. 42
Uses of Job Analysis Data	p. 45
Collecting Job Data	p. 47
Sources of Data	p. 47
Data Collection Techniques	p. 48
Specific Job Analysis Methods	p. 50
Guidelines-Oriented Job Analysis: A Tool for the Emerging Firm	p. 51
Collecting Job Analysis Data	p. 51
Validating the Job Analysis Study	p. 52
Job Description and Specifications	p. 52
Chapter Summary	p. 53
HR Tool Kit	p. 57
Human Resource Planning: Investing in Your Future	p. 73
The Emerging Issue	p. 74
Chapter Overview	p. 74
Environmental Analysis	p. 76
Forecasting Human Resource Demand	p. 78
Employee Replacement Charts	p. 78
Zero-Base Forecasting	p. 78
Regression Analysis	p. 80
Time Series Analysis	p. 80
Markov Matrix	p. 80
Simulation	p. 82
Forecasting Human Resource Supply	p. 82
Internal Sources of Supply	p. 82
External Sources of Supply	p. 83
Human Resource Objectives and Strategies	p. 83
Multiple Alternatives	p. 84
Criteria Generation	p. 86
Selection of an Action Plan	p. 86
Human Resource Planning and Career Development	p. 86
Human Resource Planning and the Human Resource Information System	p. 88
Components of an HRIS	p. 89
Uses of an HRIS	p. 90
Implementing an HRIS	p. 92
Control and Evaluation of the Human Resource Planning Process	p. 94
Chapter Summary	p. 96
HR Tool Kit	p. 96
Recruiting and Selecting Qualified Employees	p. 99
The Emerging Issue	p. 100
Chapter Overview	p. 100
The Integrative Nature of Selection Systems	p. 101
The Recruitment Process	p. 101
Internal Methods	p. 102
External Methods	p. 102
Realistic Job Preview	p. 104
Affirmative Action	p. 104
Preemployment Inquiries	p. 104
Selection Methods	p. 107
Interview	p. 107
Personality Assessment	p. 109
Ability Tests	p. 110
Honesty Testing	p. 111
Physical Examinations	p. 111
Drug Testing	p. 111
Establishing Test Reliability and Validity	p. 112
Correlation Coefficient	p. 112
Reliability	p. 115
Validity	p. 116
Relationship between Reliability and Validity	p. 117
Chapter Summary	p. 118
HR Tool Kit	p. 119
Training and Development: Investing in Your Employees	p. 123
The Emerging Issue	p. 124
Chapter Overview	p. 124
A Diagnostic Approach to Training	p. 125
Needs Assessment Phase	p. 125
Training and Development Phase	p. 129
Evaluation Phase	p. 134
Future Trends in Training and Development Practices	p. 140
Chapter Summary	p. 142
HR Tool Kit	p. 144
Performance Appraisal: Measuring Success	p. 151
The Emerging Issue	p. 152
Chapter Overview	p. 152
A Systems Perspective of Performance Appraisal	p. 154
Identify Goals of the Performance Appraisal System	p. 154
Assess Legal Considerations	p. 156
Develop or Select the Performance Appraisal Instrument: Establish Performance Criteria, Methods, and Goals	p. 159
Select a Performance Appraisal Method	p. 159
Train Managers to Reduce Rating Errors	p. 164
Record Work Behaviors	p. 165
Evaluate Employees	p. 165
Conduct Performance Appraisal Interview	p. 166
Evaluation of Performance Appraisal System	p. 167
Chapter Summary	p. 170
HR Tool Kit	p. 173
Employee Discipline and Counseling	p. 183
The Emerging Issue	p. 184
Chapter Overview	p. 184
Discipline Procedures	p. 185
Progressive Discipline	p. 185
Filing an Appeal or Grievance	p. 188
Alternative Discipline Approaches	p. 188
Employee Assistance Programs	p. 190
Types of Employee Assistance Programs	p. 191
Essential Ingredients of an Employee Assistance Program	p. 193
Financial Benefits of Employee Assistance Programs	p. 194
Recognizing Troubled Employees	p. 194
Developing a Discipline Program	p. 195
Discipline and the Employment-at-Will Doctrine	p. 196
Management versus Union Views	p. 197
Chapter Summary	p. 198
HR Tool Kit	p. 201
Compensation Administration: Implementing Fair Pay Practices	p. 203
The Emerging Issue	p. 204
Chapter Overview	p. 204
The Functions of Compensation	p. 205
Types of Equity	p. 206
Establishing Internal Equity through Job Evaluation	p. 207
Job Ranking	p. 208
Job Classification	p. 208
Factor Comparison	p. 209
Point Factor System	p. 210
Establishing External Equity	p. 211
The Market Survey	p. 212
Analyzing Market Data	p. 214
Linking Internal and External Equity	p. 215
Establishing Pay Grades	p. 215
Establishing Pay Ranges	p. 216
Implementing the Pay Structure	p. 218
Pay Structure Administration	p. 218
Establishing Individual Equity	p. 218
Individual Pay Methods	p. 219
Group Incentives	p. 222
Environmental Factors	p. 224
Corporate Life Cycles	p. 224
Organizational Culture	p. 225
Employee Needs	p. 225
Unions	p. 225
The Legal Environment	p. 226
Chapter Summary	p. 230
HR Tool Kit	p. 231
Employee Benefits	p. 233
The Emerging Issue	p. 234
Chapter Overview	p. 234
Definition and Purpose of Employee Benefits	p. 235
Types of Employee Benefits	p. 235
Insurance	p. 235
Pay for Time Not Worked	p. 237
Retirement Benefits	p. 238
Disability Benefits	p. 239
Executive Benefits	p. 240
Flexible Benefits	p. 241
Types of Flexible Benefit Plans	p. 241
Research on Flexible Benefit Plans	p. 242
Legal Compliance	p. 243
Social Security Act of 1935	p. 243
Health Maintenance Act of 1973	p. 243
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974	p. 243
Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985	p. 244
Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993	p. 244
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996	p. 246
Managing Employee Benefits	p. 246
Keeping the System Up to Date	p. 247
Obtaining Feedback and Making Adjustments	p. 247
Managing Costs	p. 247
Handling Problems	p. 247
Communicating Employee Benefits Information	p. 248
Methods for Education and Planning	p. 248
Chapter Summary	p. 251
HR Tool Kit	p. 252
An Overview of Labor Relations	p. 255
The Emerging Issue	p. 256
Chapter Overview	p. 256
Historical Overview of Unions	p. 257
Early Union Organization	p. 257
The Impact of the Great Depression	p. 258
Post-World War II to Present	p. 259
Legal Framework of Labor Unions	p. 260
The Norris-La Guardia Act of 1932	p. 260
The Wagner Act of 1935	p. 260
The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947	p. 260
The Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959	p. 261
The Unionization Process	p. 261
Why Employees Unionize	p. 261
Union Certification	p. 262
Mandatory Bargaining Issues	p. 262
Negotiating a Labor Contract	p. 263
Grievance Procedures	p. 264
Employee Causes of grievances	p. 266
Supervisory Causes of Grievances	p. 267
Grievance-Arbitration Procedure for Unionized Organizations	p. 267
The Grievance Process in Non-unionized Organizations	p. 269
Union Decertification	p. 270
Trends in Union Membership	p. 270
Chapter Summary	p. 272
HR Tool Kit	p. 273
Employee Safety and Health	p. 283
The Emerging Issue	p. 284
Chapter Overview	p. 284
The Occupational Safety and Health Act	p. 284
OSHA's General Duty Clause and Safety Standards	p. 285
Recording Safety Incidents	p. 285
Investigating and Enforcing Safety Standards	p. 286
Implementing Programs to Inform Employees and Improve Workplace Safety	p. 288
The Effects of Drugs and Alcohol in the Workplace	p. 290
How to Search for the Presence of Drugs and Alcohol	p. 291
Drug Screening and Drug Testing	p. 291
Protective Measures for the Employer	p. 292
Future Trends in Occupational Health and Safety	p. 293
Chapter Summary	p. 296
HR Tool Kit	p. 296
Example: Safety Manual	p. 299
International Human Resource Management	p. 313
The Emerging Issue	p. 314
Chapter Overview	p. 314
Stages of Internationalization	p. 315
Export	p. 315
Sales Subsidiary	p. 316
International Division	p. 317
Global Product/Area Division	p. 317
Global Multidimensional	p. 317
Transnational	p. 317
Human Resource Concerns for Successful Internationalization	p. 318
Recruitment	p. 318
Desirable Characteristics of an International Employee	p. 318
The Selection Process	p. 319
Training and Development	p. 321
Compensation	p. 323
Labor Relations	p. 324
Chapter Summary	p. 327
HR Tool Kit	p. 328
The Human Resource Handbook: An Effective Management Tool	p. 331
The Emerging Issue	p. 332
Chapter Overview	p. 332
Determining Handbook Goals and Objectives	p. 333
Components of the Handbook	p. 334
The Welcome	p. 334
Description of the Company	p. 334
Company Organization	p. 335
Hiring Procedures	p. 335
Promotion Policies	p. 336
Discipline and Termination Procedures	p. 336
Performance Evaluations	p. 336
Company Communication Channels	p. 336
Salary Determination	p. 337
Days and Hours of Work	p. 337
Time Off	p. 337
Company Policies and Procedures	p. 338
Sexual Harassment Policy	p. 338
Benefits	p. 339
Special Services	p. 339
Special Policies	p. 339
Employee Sign-off	p. 339
Employment-at-Will Statements	p. 339
Reviewing the Handbook for Accuracy and Completeness	p. 340
Reviewing for Completeness	p. 340
Reviewing for Style	p. 341
Reviewing for Syntax	p. 342
Reviewing for Legality	p. 342
Limitations of an Employee Handbook	p. 343
Where to Go for Help	p. 343
Chapter Summary	p. 343
HR Tool Kit	p. 346
Example: Company Handbook	p. 347
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