Human Sexuality

by Strong, Bryan; Devault, Christine; Sayad, Barbara Werner; Yarber, William L.

• ISBN13: 9780072860498
• ISBN10: 0072860499
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-02-01
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill College

Table of Contents

Preface	xxv
To the Reader	xxix
1 Perspectives on Human Sexuality	1	(32)
SEXUALITY, POPULAR CULTURE, AND THE MEDIA	3	(15)
Media Portrayals of Sexuality	3	(3)
Television	6	(7)
Hollywood Films Versus Independent Filmmakers	13	(2)
Internet Sex and Dial-a-Porn	15	(1)
Practically Speaking THE WEB OF CYBERSEX	16	(2)
SEXUALITY ACROSS CULTURES AND TIMES	18	(5)
Sexual Interests	19	(1)
Sexual Orientation	20	(2)
Gender	22	(1)
SOCIETAL NORMS AND SEXUALITY	23	(7)
Natural Sexual Behavior	23	(1)
Think About It AM I NORMAL?	24	(1)
Think About It DECLARATION OF SEXUAL RIGHTS	25	(3)
Normal Sexual Behavior	26	(1)
Sexual Behavior and Variations	27	(1)
Think About It MY GENES MADE ME DO IT: SOCIOBIOLOGY, EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY, AND THE MYSTERIES OF LOVE	28	(2)
SUMMARY	30	(1)
SEX AND THE INTERNET	31	(1)
SUGGESTED WEB SITES	31	(1)
SUGGESTED READING	32	(1)
2 Studying Human Sexuality	33	(43)
SEX, ADVICE COLUMNISTS, AND POP PSYCHOLOGY	35	(3)
Information and Advice as Entertainment	35	(1)
Think About It CAMPUS NEWSPAPER SEX ADVICE COLUMNS: EDUCATION OR ENTERTAINMENT?	36	(1)
Practically Speaking EVALUATING POP PSYCHOLOGY	37	(5)
The Use and Abuse of Statistics	37	(1)
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT SEXUALITY	38	(4)
Value Judgments Versus Objectivity	38	(1)
Opinions, Biases, and Stereotypes	39	(1)
Confusing Attitudes and Behaviors	40	(1)
Common Fallacies: Egocentric and Ethnocentric Thinking	41	(1)
SEX RESEARCH METHODS	42	(8)
Research Concerns	42	(2)
Clinical Research	44	(1)
Survey Research	45	(1)
Practically Speaking ANSWERING A SEX RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE	46	(31)
Observational Research	47	(1)
Experimental Research	48	(2)
THE SEX RESEARCHERS	50	(6)
Richard von Krafft-Ebing	50	(1)
Sigmund Freud	51	(1)
Havelock Ellis	52	(1)
Alfred Kinsey	53	(2)
William Masters and Virginia Johnson	55	(1)
CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH STUDIES	56	(4)
The National Health and Social Life Survey	56	(1)
The Youth Behavior Risk Study	57	(1)
The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System	58	(1)
The National Survey of Family Growth	59	(1)
The College Alcohol Study	59	(1)
The Community Intervention Trial for Youth Project	60	(1)
EMERGING RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES	60	(5)
Feminist Scholarship	61	(1)
Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Research	62	(2)
Directions for Further Research	64	(1)
ETHNICITY AND SEXUALITY	65	(7)
African Americans	65	(2)
Latinos	67	(2)
Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders	69	(3)
SUMMARY	72	(2)
SEX AND THE INTERNET	74	(1)
SUGGESTED WEB SITES	74	(1)
SUGGESTED READING	75	(1)
3 Female Sexual Anatomy, Physiology, and Response	76	(33)
FEMALE SEX ORGANS: WHAT ARE THEY FOR?	77	(11)
External Structures (the Vulva)	79	(2)
Practically Speaking PERFORMING A GYNECOLOGICAL SELF-EXAMINATION	81	(3)
Internal Structures	81	(3)
Practically Speaking MAINTAINING VAGINAL HEALTH	84	(4)
Other Structures	86	(1)
The Breasts	86	(2)
FEMALE SEXUAL PHYSIOLOGY	88	(10)
Reproductive Hormones	88	(1)
The Ovarian Cycle	89	(3)
Practically Speaking MEDICAL CARE: WHAT DO WOMEN NEED?	92	(4)
The Menstrual Cycle	92	(4)
Practically Speaking RELIEVING MENSTRUAL SYMPTOMS	96	(2)
FEMALE SEXUAL RESPONSE	98	(8)
Sexual Response Models	98	(1)
Desire: Mind or Matter	98	(5)
Experiencing Sexual Arousal	103	(1)
Think About It THE ROLE OF THE ORGASM	104	(2)
SUMMARY	106	(2)
SEX AND THE INTERNET	108	(1)
SUGGESTED WEB SITES	108	(1)
SUGGESTED READING	108	(1)
4 Male Sexual Anatomy, Physiology, and Response	109	(19)
MALE SEX ORGANS: WHAT ARE THEY FOR?	110	(7)
External Structures	110	(2)
Think Abut It THE PENIS: MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE	112	(5)
Internal Structures	114	(2)
The Breasts and Anus	116	(1)
MALE SEXUAL PHYSIOLOGY	117	(5)
Sex Hormones	117	(1)
Practically Speaking MEDICAL CARE: WHAT DO MEN NEED?	118	(4)
Spermatogenesis	120	(2)
Semen Production	122	(1)
MALE SEXUAL RESPONSE	122	(3)
Erection	123	(1)
Practically Speaking CAN AN ERECTION BE WILLED?	124	(24)
Ejaculation and Orgasm	124	(1)
SUMMARY	125	(1)
SEX AND THE INTERNET	126	(1)
SUGGESTED WEB SITES	127	(1)
SUGGESTED READING	127	(1)
5 Gender and Gender Roles	128	(35)
STUDYING GENDER AND GENDER ROLES	130	(6)
Sex, Gender, and Gender Roles: What's the Difference?	130	(1)
Sex and Gender Identity	131	(2)
Masculinity and Femininity: Opposites or Similar?	133	(1)
Gender and Sexual Orientation	134	(1)
Gender Theory	135	(1)
GENDER-ROLE LEARNING	136	(6)
Theories of Socialization	136	(2)
Gender-Role Learning in Childhood and Adolescence	138	(3)
Gender Schemas: Exaggerating Differences	141	(1)
CONTEMPORARY GENDER ROLES	142	(6)
Traditional Gender Roles	142	(4)
Changing Gender Roles	146	(2)
Androgyny	148	(1)
WHEN GENDER IS AMBIGUOUS: INTERSEXUALITY, TRANSSEXUALITY, AND TRANSGENDERISM	148	(12)
Intersexuality: Atypical Chromosomal and Hormonal Conditions	149	(3)
Think About It A NEW APPROACH IN THE TREATMENT OF INTERSEX	152	(5)
Gender Identity Disorder	155	(1)
Transsexuality	156	(1)
Think About It GENDER REASSIGNMENT	157	(12)
The Transgender Phenomenon	158	(2)
SUMMARY	160	(1)
SEX AND THE INTERNET	161	(1)
SUGGESTED WEB SITES	161	(1)
SUGGESTED READING	162	(1)
6 Sexuality over the Life Span	163	(52)
SEXUALITY IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD	165	(4)
Childhood Sexuality	166	(2)
The Family Context	168	(1)
SEXUALITY IN ADOLESCENCE	169	(13)
Psychosexual Development	169	(6)
Adolescent Sexual Behavior	175	(1)
Think About It THE "ORIGINS" OF HOMOSEXUALITY	176	(6)
Sexuality Education	179	(3)
SEXUALITY IN EARLY ADULTHOOD	182	(16)
Developmental Concerns	183	(1)
Think Abut It LIFE BEHAVIORS OF A SEXUALLY HEALTHY ADULT	184	(2)
Establishing Sexual Orientation	185	(1)
Think About It BISEXUALITY: THE NATURE OF DUAL ATTRACTION	186	(2)
Think About It MODELS OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION	188	(7)
Being Single	190	(5)
Think About It COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT HOMOSEXUALITY	195	(9)
Cohabitation	196	(2)
SEXUALITY IN MIDDLE ADULTHOOD	198	(6)
Developmental Concerns	198	(1)
Marital Sexuality	199	(2)
Divorce and After	201	(3)
SEXUALITY IN LATE ADULTHOOD	204	(8)
Developmental Concerns	204	(1)
Stereotypes of Aging	205	(1)
Sexuality and Aging	206	(4)
Think About It WHAT PHYSICIANS (AND THE REST OF US) NEED TO KNOW ABOUT SEXUALITY AND AGING	210	(2)
SUMMARY	212	(1)
SEX AND THE INTERNET	213	(1)
SUGGESTED WEB SITES	214	(1)
SUGGESTED READING	214	(1)
7 Love, Intimacy, and Sexuality	215	(32)
FRIENDSHIP AND LOVE	217	(2)
Think About It CAN WE BE "JUST" FRIENDS?	218	(1)
LOVE AND SEXUALITY	219	(5)
Sex Outside of Committed Relationships	220	(1)
Men, Sex, and Love	221	(1)
Women, Sex, and Love	221	(1)
Comparing Relationships of Gay, Lesbian, and Heterosexual Couples	222	(1)
Sex Without Love	223	(1)
Love Without Sex: Celibacy as a Choice	223	(1)
HOW DO I LOVE THEE? APPROACHES AND ATTITUDES RELATED TO LOVE	224	(10)
Attitudes and Behaviors Associated with Love	224	(1)
Styles of Love	225	(1)
The Triangular Theory of Love	226	(4)
Practically Speaking LESSONS FROM THE LOVE LAB	230	(4)
Love as Attachment	230	(4)
Think About It ELEVEN CULTURES EXAMINE LOVE AND MARRIAGE	234	(1)
UNREQUITED LOVE	234	(2)
Styles of Unrequited Love	235	(1)
Attachment Theory and Unrequited Love	236	(1)
JEALOUSY	236	(6)
Think About It THE WEB OF DECEPTION AND HOW IT AFFECTS RELATIONSHIPS	237	(5)
Defining Jealousy	237	(2)
Managing Jealousy	239	(1)
Extramarital Sex	240	(2)
THE TRANSFORMATION OF LOVE: FROM PASSION TO INTIMACY	242	(2)
Think About It MAKING LOVE LAST: THE ROLE OF COMMITMENT	243	(1)
SUMMARY	244	(1)
SEX AND THE INTERNET	245	(1)
SUGGESTED WEB SITES	245	(1)
SUGGESTED READING	246	(1)
8 Communicating About Sex	247	(29)
THE NATURE OF COMMUNICATION	249	(6)
The Cultural Context	249	(1)
The Social Context	250	(1)
The Psychological Context	251	(1)
Nonverbal Communication	251	(3)
Practically Speaking TOUCH: OVERCOMING DIFFERENCES IN INDIVIDUALS' PREFERENCES	254	(1)
SEXUAL COMMUNICATION	255	(7)
Sexual Communication in Beginning Relationships	255	(4)
Think About It NEGOTIATING SAFER SEX	259	(3)
Sexual Communication in Established Relationships	259	(3)
DEVELOPING COMMUNICATION SKILLS	262	(5)
Developing Self-Awareness	262	(1)
Talking About Sex	262	(1)
Think About It COMMUNICATION PATTERNS AND PARTNERSHIP SATISFACTION	263	(3)
Practically Speaking GUIDELINES FOR GIVING EFFECTIVE FEEDBACK	266	(1)
CONFLICT AND INTIMACY	267	(6)
Sexual Conflicts	268	(2)
Think About It TEN RULES FOR AVOIDING INTIMACY	270	(8)
Conflict Resolution	271	(2)
SUMMARY	273	(1)
SEX AND THE INTERNET	274	(1)
SUGGESTED WEB SITES	275	(1)
SUGGESTED READING	275	(1)
9 Sexual Expression	276	(41)
SEXUAL ATTRACTIVENESS	278	(6)
A Cross-Cultural Analysis	278	(3)
The Halo Effect Revisited	281	(1)
Practically Speaking SEXUAL DESIRE: WHEN APPETITES DIFFER	282	(4)
Sexual Desire	282	(2)
SEXUAL SCRIPTS	284	(2)
Cultural Scripting	284	(1)
Intrapersonal Scripting	285	(1)
Interpersonal Scripting	286	(1)
AUTOEROTICISM	286	(13)
Sexual Fantasies and Dreams	287	(3)
Masturbation	290	(6)
Think About It MASTURBATION: FROM SIN TO INSANITY	296	(2)
Practically Speaking ASSESSING YOUR ATTITUDE TOWARD MASTURBATION	298	(1)
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR WITH OTHERS	299	(16)
Touching	302	(2)
Think About It A COUPLE HAS SEX WHEN THEY...?	304	(14)
Kissing	304	(1)
Oral-Genital Sex	305	(5)
Sexual Intercourse	310	(3)
Anal Eroticism	313	(2)
SUMMARY	315	(1)
SEX AND THE INTERNET	315	(1)
SUGGESTED WEB SITES	316	(1)
SUGGESTED READING	316	(1)
10 Variations in Sexual Behavior	317	(27)
SEXUAL VARIATIONS AND PARAPHILIC BEHAVIOR	318	(4)
What Are Sexual Variations?	319	(1)
What Is Paraphilia?	319	(2)
Think About It "SEXUAL INTEREST DISORDER": A VIABLE ALTERNATIVE TO PARAPHILIA OR A RADICAL DEPARTURE?	321	(5)
Sexual Variations Among College Students	322	(1)
SEXUAL VARIATION: DOMINATION AND SUBMISSION	322	(4)
NONCOERCIVE PARAPHILIAS	326	(4)
Fetishism	326	(1)
Transvestism	327	(2)
Think About It CROSS-DRESSING: WHAT'S IN A NAME?	329	(1)
COERCIVE PARAPHILIAS	330	(10)
Zoophilia	330	(1)
Voyeurism	330	(1)
Exhibitionism	331	(1)
Telephone Scatologia	332	(1)
Practically Speaking DEALING WITH OBSCENE PHONE CALLS	333	(1)
Frotteurism	333	(1)
Think About It SEXUAL ADDICTION, SEXUAL COMPULSIVE, OR PROBLEMATIC SEXUAL BEHAVIOR?	334	(11)
Necrophilia	334	(2)
Pedophilia	336	(2)
Sexual Sadism and Sexual Masochism	338	(2)
ORIGINS AND TREATMENT OF PARAPHILIAS	340	(1)
SUMMARY	341	(1)
SEX AND THE INTERNET	342	(1)
SUGGESTED WEB SITES	343	(1)
SUGGESTED READING	343	(1)
11 Contraception and Birth Control	344	(47)
RISK AND RESPONSIBILITY	345	(5)
Think About It THE PSYCHOLOGY OF RISK TAKING AND CONTRACEPTION	346	(4)
Women, Men, and Birth Control: Who Is Responsible?	347	(2)
Preventing Sexually Transmitted Infections	349	(1)
METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION AND BIRTH CONTROL	350	(28)
Birth Control and Contraception: What's the Difference?	350	(1)
Choosing a Method	351	(2)
Hormonal Methods	353	(7)
Barrier Methods	360	(3)
Practically Speaking HINTS FOR EFFECTIVE CONDOM USE	363	(11)
Spermicides	367	(2)
The IUD (Intrauterine Device)	369	(1)
Fertility Awareness Methods	370	(2)
Sterilization	372	(2)
Think About It UNRELIABLE AND MYTHICAL METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION	374	(2)
Practically Speaking IS STERILIZATION THE RIGHT CHOICE FOR YOU?	376	(10)
Emergency Contraception (EC)	377	(1)
ABORTION	378	(8)
Methods of Abortion	379	(2)
A Decline in the Prevalence of Abortion	381	(1)
Women and Abortion	381	(1)
Men and Abortion	382	(2)
The Abortion Debate	384	(2)
RESEARCH ISSUES	386	(2)
Practically Speaking NEW CONTRACEPTIVE OPTIONS ON THE HORIZON	387	(1)
SUMMARY	388	(1)
SEX AND THE INTERNET	389	(1)
SUGGESTED WEB SITES	390	(1)
SUGGESTED READING	390	(1)
12 Conception, Pregnancy, and Childbirth	391	(45)
FERTILIZATION AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT	392	(5)
The Fertilization Process	393	(1)
Development of the Conceptus	394	(3)
Think About It A MATTER OF CHOICE	397	(1)
BEING PREGNANT	397	(18)
Pregnancy Tests	398	(1)
Changes in Women During Pregnancy	398	(2)
Think About It SEXUALITY DURING PREGNANCY	400	(5)
Teen Pregnancy	400	(5)
Think About It REDUCING TEENAGE PREGNANCY	405	(3)
Complications of Pregnancy and Dangers to the Fetus	405	(3)
Think About It PREGNANCY AND DRUGS: A BAD MIX	408	(11)
Diagnosing Abnormalities of the Fetus	412	(1)
Pregnancy Loss	413	(2)
INFERTILITY	415	(4)
Female Infertility	415	(1)
Male Infertility	416	(1)
Emotional Responses to Infertility	416	(1)
Infertility Treatment	417	(2)
GIVING BIRTH	419	(9)
Labor and Delivery	419	(3)
Think About It THE QUESTION OF CIRCUMCISION	422	(3)
Choices in Childbirth	422	(3)
Practically Speaking MAKING A BIRTH PLAN	425	(3)
Breast-Feeding	427	(1)
BECOMING A PARENT	428	(4)
Practically Speaking BREAST VERSUS BOTTLE: WHICH IS BEST FOR YOU AND YOUR CHILD?	429	(1)
Think About It GAY AND LESBIAN PARENTS	430	(2)
SUMMARY	432	(2)
SEX AND THE INTERNET	434	(1)
SUGGESTED WEB SITES	434	(1)
SUGGESTED READING	434	(2)
13 The Sexual Body in Health and Illness	436	(50)
LIVING IN OUR BODIES: THE QUEST FOR PHYSICAL PERFECTION	438	(6)
Eating Disorders	439	(1)
Think About It "OH TO BE BIGGER": BREAST AND PENIS ENHANCEMENT	440	(4)
Retreating from Sexuality	442	(1)
Anabolic Steroids: A Dangerous Means to an End	443	(1)
ALCOHOL, DRUGS, AND SEXUALITY	444	(6)
Alcohol Use and Sexuality	444	(1)
Other Drug Use and Sexuality	445	(4)
Think About It BODY ART: TATTOOING, BRANDING, AND PIERCING	449	(1)
SEXUALITY AND AGING	450	(6)
Women's Issues	450	(4)
Men's Issues	454	(1)
Practically Speaking MAKING THE BEST DECISION ABOUT POSTMENOPAUSAL HORMONE THERAPY	455	(1)
SEXUALITY AND DISABILITY	456	(5)
Physical Limitations	457	(1)
Vision and Hearing Impairment	458	(1)
Chronic Illness	459	(1)
Developmental Disabilities	460	(1)
The Sexual Rights of People with Disabilities	461	(1)
SEXUALITY AND CANCER	461	(17)
Women and Cancer	461	(4)
Practically Speaking BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION	465	(11)
Men and Cancer	473	(3)
Practically Speaking TESTICULAR SELF-EXAMINATION	476	(2)
OTHER SEXUAL HEALTH ISSUES	478	(4)
Toxic Shock Syndrome	478	(1)
Endometriosis	478	(1)
Think About It THE UNKINDEST CUT? FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION	479	(2)
Lesbian Women's Health Issues	480	(1)
Prostatitis	480	(1)
Think About It ASSESSING MEDICAL RISK	481	(7)
DES Daughters and Sons	482	(1)
SUMMARY	482	(2)
SEX AND THE INTERNET	484	(1)
SUGGESTED WEB SITES	484	(1)
SUGGESTED READING	485	(1)
14 Sexual Difficulties, Dissatisfaction, Enhancement, and Therapy	486	(43)
SEXUAL DIFFICULTIES: DEFINITIONS, TYPES, AND PREVALENCE	488	(15)
Defining Sexual Problems: Different Perspectives	488	(3)
Prevalence and Cofactors	491	(1)
Think About It A NEW VIEW OF WOMEN'S SEXUAL PROBLEMS	492	(9)
Disorders of Sexual Desire	496	(1)
Sexual Arousal Disorders	497	(2)
Orgasmic Disorders	499	(2)
Think About It SEX AND THE BIG "O"	501	(6)
Sexual Pain Disorders	502	(1)
Other Disorders	503	(1)
PHYSICAL CAUSES OF SEXUAL DIFFICULTIES AND DISSATISFACTION	503	(1)
Physical Causes in Men	503	(1)
Physical Causes in Women	504	(1)
PSYCHOLOGICAL CAUSES OF SEXUAL DIFFICULTIES AND DISSATISFACTION	504	(3)
Immediate Causes	505	(1)
Conflict Within Self	506	(1)
Relationship Causes	507	(1)
SEXUAL ENHANCEMENT	507	(7)
Developing Self-Awareness	508	(3)
Practically Speaking NATURAL SEXUAL ENHANCERS IN A BOTTLE: THE "MAGIC BULLET" FOR SPICING UP YOUR SEX LIFE?	511	(3)
Intensifying Erotic Pleasure	511	(2)
Changing a Sexual Relationship	513	(1)
TREATING SEXUAL DIFFICULTIES	514	(12)
Masters and Johnson: A Cognitive-Behavioral Approach	514	(3)
Kaplan: Psychosexual Therapy	517	(1)
Other Nonmedical Approaches	518	(1)
Medical Approaches	519	(1)
Practically Speaking KEGEL EXERCISES	520	(3)
Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Sex Therapy	522	(1)
Think About It ARE FEMALE SEXUAL DIFFICULTIES BEING MEDICALIZED?	523	(8)
Seeking Professional Assistance	524	(2)
SUMMARY	526	(1)
SEX AND THE INTERNET	527	(1)
SUGGESTED WEB SITES	527	(1)
SUGGESTED READING	528	(1)
15 Sexually Transmitted Infections	529	(37)
THE STI EPIDEMIC	531	(10)
STIs: The Most Common Reportable Infectious Diseases	531	(2)
Who Is Affected: Disparities Among Groups	533	(1)
Factors Contributing to the Spread of STIs	534	(2)
Practically Speaking PREVENTING STIS: MALE CONDOMS, FEMALE CONDOMS, AND NONOXYNOL-9	536	(4)
Practically Speaking STI ATTITUDE SCALE	540	(1)
Consequences of STIs	541	(1)
PRINCIPAL STIS	541	(18)
Chlamydia	541	(2)
Gonorrhea	543	(1)
Urinary Tract Infections (NGU/NSU)	544	(1)
Syphilis	544	(2)
Think About It THE TUSKEGEE SYPHILIS STUDY: "A TRAGEDY OF RACE AND MEDICINE"	546	(13)
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)/Genital Warts	548	(1)
Genital Herpes	549	(2)
Hepatitis	551	(1)
Vaginal Infections	552	(2)
Other STIS	554	(1)
Parasites	555	(1)
STIS AND WOMEN	555	(1)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PIV)	555	(3)
Cystitis	558	(1)
PREVENTING STIS	559	(5)
Avoiding STIs	559	(1)
Think About It HOW COMMON ARE CONDOM-USE MISTAKES?	560	(1)
Practically Speaking SAFE AND UNSAFE SEX PRACTICES	560	(8)
Treating STIS	560	(4)
SUMMARY	564	(1)
SEX AND THE INTERNET	564	(1)
SUGGESTED WEB SITES	564	(1)
SUGGESTED READING	565	(1)
16 HIV and AIDS	566	(41)
WHAT IS AIDS?	568	(8)
Think About It THE STIGMATIZATION OF HIV AND OTHER STIS	569	(24)
Conditions Associated with AIDS	570	(1)
Symptoms of HIV Infection and AIDS	571	(1)
Understanding AIDS: The Immune System and HIV	572	(1)
The Virus	573	(2)
AIDS Pathogenesis: How the Disease Progresses	575	(1)
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND TRANSMISSION OF HIV	576	(9)
The Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS	577	(2)
Myths and Modes of Transmission	579	(3)
Sexual Transmission	582	(1)
Drug Use	583	(1)
Mother-to-Child Transmission	583	(1)
Uncommon Modes of Transmission	584	(1)
Factors Contributing to Infection	585	(1)
AIDS DEMOGRAPHICS	585	(8)
Ethnicity and HIV	585	(3)
The Gay Community	588	(2)
Women and HIV	590	(1)
Children and HIV	591	(1)
Teens aid College Students and HIV	591	(1)
Older Adults and HIV	592	(1)
Geographic Region and HIV	592	(1)
PREVENTION AND TREATMENT	593	(9)
Practically Speaking HIV-PREVENTION ATTITUDE SCALE	593	(1)
Protecting Ourselves	593	(1)
Practically Speaking HEALTH PROTECTIVE SEXUAL COMMUNICATION SCALE	594	(22)
Saving Lives Through Education	595	(3)
HIV Testing	598	(2)
Treatments	600	(2)
LIVING WITH HIV OR AIDS	602	(2)
If You Are HIV-Positive	602	(1)
If You Are Caring for Someone with HIV or AIDS	603	(1)
SUMMARY	604	(1)
SEX AND THE INTERNET	605	(1)
SUGGESTED WEB SITES	605	(1)
SUGGESTED READING	606	(1)
17 Sexual Coercion: Harassment, Aggression, and Abuse	607	(43)
SEXUAL HARASSMENT	608	(8)
What Is Sexual Harassment?	609	(2)
Flirtation Versus Harassment	611	(1)
Harassment in School and College	612	(2)
Harassment in the Workplace	614	(2)
HARASSMENT AND DISCRIMINATION AGAINST GAY, LESBIAN, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENDERED PEOPLE	616	(5)
Heterosexual Bias	616	(1)
Prejudice, Discrimination, and Violence	616	(4)
Think About It OPINION POLLS ON GAY, LESBIAN, AND BISEXUAL ISSUES	620	(1)
Ending Anti-Gay Prejudice	621	(1)
SEXUAL AGGRESSION	621	(16)
The Nature and Incidence of Rape	622	(1)
Practically Speaking PREVENTING SEXUAL ASSAULT	623	(3)
Myths About Rape	625	(1)
Think About It "SEXUAL ENSLAVEMENT" AS A WAR CRIME	626	(3)
Forms of Rape	627	(2)
Think About It ROOFIES: THE "DATE-RAPE DRUG"	629	(7)
Motivations for Rape	634	(1)
The Aftermath of Rape	634	(2)
Practically Speaking HELPING SOMEONE WHO HAS BEEN RAPED	636	(1)
CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE	637	(10)
General Preconditions for Child Sexual Abuse	639	(1)
Forms of Intrafamilial Sexual Abuse	639	(2)
Children at Risk	641	(1)
Effects of Child Sexual Abuse	641	(3)
Think About It THE MEMORY WARS: RECOVERED VERSUS FALSE MEMORIES	644	(8)
Treatment Programs	645	(1)
Preventing Sexual Abuse	646	(1)
SUMMARY	647	(1)
SEX AND THE INTERNET	648	(1)
SUGGESTED WEB SITES	649	(1)
SUGGESTED READING	649	(1)
18 Sexually Explicit Materials, Prostitution, and Sex Laws	650
SEXUALLY EXPLICIT MATERIAL IN CONTEMPORARY AMERICA	652	(10)
Pornography or Erotica: Which Is It?	652	(1)
Sexually Explicit Material and Popular Culture	653	(2)
The Effects of Sexually Explicit Material	655	(3)
Censorship, Sexually Explicit Material, and the Law	658	(2)
Think About It SEXUALLY EXPLICIT MATERIALS: HELPFUL OR HARMFUL?	660	(2)
PROSTITUTION	662	(1)
Females Working in Prostitution	662	(1)
Think About It FORCED AGAINST THEIR WILL: INTERNATIONAL CHILD
PROSTITUTION	663	(7)
Males Working In Prostitution	667	(2)
Prostitution and the Law	669	(1)
The Impact of HIV/AIDS	669	(1)
SEXUALITY AND THE LAW	670	(3)
Think About It THE INVALIDATION OF STATE ANTISODOMY LAWS: A TRIUMPH FOR EQUALITY AND A PATH TO GAY MARRIAGE?	672	(1)
SUMMARY	673	(1)
SEX AND THE INTERNET	674	(1)
SUGGESTED WEB SITES	674	(1)
SUGGESTED READING	674
Glossary	G-1
Bibliography	B-1
Credits	C-1
Index	I-1
0867154365
Foreword	vi
Preface	viii
Key to Symbols	x
Section I Basic Concepts and Methodology
1 Technical Elements	3	(28)
2 Visual and Psychological Perception	31	(16)
3 Requisite Equipment for Image Capture	47	(24)
Section II Photographic Setups
4 Facial Compositions	71	(28)
5 Natural Dentition	99	(24)
6 Anterior Prostheses	123	(24)
7 Posterior Prostheses	147	(10)
8 Periodontal and Surgical Procedures	157	(10)
9 Dental Pathology	167	(14)
10 Dental Laboratory	181	(24)
Section III Image Management
11 Processing, Storage, and Archivng	205	(12)
12 Editing and Presentation	217	(12)
Index	229