The Human Use of Animals Case Studies in Ethical Choice

by Beauchamp, Tom L.; Orlans, F. Barbara; Dresser, Rebecca; Morton, David B.; Gluck, John P.

• ISBN13: 9780195340198
• ISBN10: 0195340191
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-03-21
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

The Human Use of Animals. Second Edition, reports the facts on some of the most compelling and difficult issues about animal welfare that confront society today. Its 16 case studies explore a variety of controversies about the human uses of animals that have emerged over the past four decades. The book begins with a lengthy exploration of applicable ethical theory. It then presents the facts of the 16 cases, followed by analysis of each case's theoretical and practical ethical issues. This volume offers a discussion of controversies within a range of contexts, including biomedical, behavioral, and wildlife research: cosmetic safety testing: education: entertainment (zoos and circuses); the food industry: commerce: companion animals: and animal uses in religious practices. Book jacket.

Author Biography

Tom L. Beauchamp, PhD professor, Department of Philosophy Senior Research Scholar, Kennedy Institute of Ethics Georgetown University F. Barbara Orlans, PhD Senior Research Fellow, Kennedy Institute of Ethics Georgetown University Rebecca Dresser, JD Daniel Noyes Kirby Professor of Law Professor of Ethics in Medicine Washington University David B. Morton, PhD, MRCVS Professor Emeritus, Department of Biomedical Science and Ethics The Medical School, University of Birmingham, England John P. Gluck, PhD Professor Emeritus, Department of Psychology University of New Mexico

Table of Contents

Introduction
Moral Issues about Animals	p. 3
Morality, Professional Morality, and the Law	p. 4
Animal Minds	p. 7
Darwin and Evolutionary Theory	p. 11
Moral Status	p. 15
Moral Philosophies	p. 19
The Justification of Human Uses of Animals	p. 28
Alternatives, Government Regulations, and Committee Review	p. 32
Conclusion	p. 37
Farm Animals
Humane Housing for Hogs	p. 47
Findings of the Humane Farming Association	p. 47
The Changing Face of Hog Farming	p. 49
The Living Conditions of Pigs	p. 50
Slaughterhouse Conditions, Old and New	p. 52
Ethical Issues	p. 53
Veal Creates and Human Palates	p. 61
The Veal Trade and Methods of Production	p. 62
The Protests	p. 63
The Interested Parties	p. 64
Ethical Issues	p. 67
What Is a Chicken Worth?	p. 74
The Broiler Chicken Industry	p. 74
Health and Welfare Considerations	p. 76
Ethical Issues	p. 80
Animals for Entertainment
The Sport of Rooster Fighting	p. 91
Cockfighting at Tommy's Place	p. 92
The Creation of a Battle Cock	p. 96
Ethical and Legal Issues	p. 98
At the End of the Night	p. 105
Winky and Wanda at the Detroit Zoo	p. 107
The Historical and Contemporary Background	p. 108
Elephant Welfare	p. 111
Ethical Issues	p. 114
Postscript	p. 117
Ringling Brothers' Big Cats	p. 120
The History and Legacy of Animal Shows	p. 121
The Record at Ringling Brothers	p. 122
Barriers to Imposing Animal Care Laws on Circuses	p. 123
Ethical Issues	p. 124
Companion Animals
Cosmetic Surgery for Dogs	p. 135
Docking Working Dogs	p. 135
Historical Background and Major Issues	p. 137
Medical Aspects of Docking	p. 137
Laws and Policies on Docking	p. 138
Interested Parties and the Political Landscape	p. 139
Ethical Issues	p. 141
Religious Uses of Animals
Animal Sacrifice as Religious Ritual: The Santeria Case	p. 149
The Ritual Sacrifice in Santeria	p. 150
Responses in the Hialeah Community	p. 151
The Supreme Court Decision	p. 152
Animal Use and the First Amendment	p. 154
Ethical Issues	p. 155
Endangered Species
Bonobos: Humans' Closest Relatives Face Extinction	p. 163
Who Are the Bonobos?	p. 164
Human Threats to Bonobos	p. 166
Strategies for Preserving the Bonobos	p. 167
Ethical Issues	p. 170
Biomedical Research and Cosmetic Testing
Head Injury Experiments on Primates at the University of Pennsylvania	p. 177
The Use of Baboons in Research	p. 177
The Laboratory Raid	p. 178
Protests by Animal Protection Sympathizers and NIH Policy Decisions	p. 180
Ethical Issues	p. 181
What Does the Public Have a Right to Know?	p. 188
Issues about Access to Meetings	p. 189
The Legacy of PAWs' Legal Challenges	p. 191
Legal Battles and Legal Reasoning in Precedent Cases	p. 193
Ethical Issues	p. 195
Can There Be Cruelty-Free Cosmetic Testing?	p. 201
Animal Testing	p. 202
The Nature and Justification of Animal Testing	p. 203
Stakeholders in Controversies over the Use of Animals	p. 206
Ethical Issues	p. 207
Conclusion	p. 212
Behavioral Research
Monkeys without Mothers	p. 217
Harlow and His Monkeys	p. 218
The Mind of the Rhesus Monkey	p. 219
Raising Monkeys without Mothers as an Investigative Procedure	p. 222
The Development of the Mother Surrogate	p. 223
Ethical Issues	p. 226
The Experimental Study of Animal Aggression	p. 231
The Historical Background of the Scientific Study of Aggressive Behavior	p. 231
Infanticide Research in a Laboratory	p. 232
Do Nonhuman Studies Shed Light on Human Aggression?	p. 235
Ethical Issues	p. 237
Wildlife Research
The Death of a Vagrant Bird	p. 249
Killing and Collecting	p. 250
The Purpose and Value of Ornithological Museum Collections	p. 252
The Purpose and Value of Birding	p. 253
Ethical Issues	p. 254
Educational Uses of Animals
Should Frog Dissection Continue?	p. 263
A Refusal to Dissect: Jenifer Graham's Protest	p. 263
A Dispute about Education in Science	p. 265
The Legacy of the Student Protests	p. 265
Ethical Issues	p. 267
Index	p. 273
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