Human-Centered Software Engineering

This book aims at establishing a meaningful dialog between the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) community and Software Engineering (SE) practitioners and researchers on the results (both good and bad), obstacles, and lessons learned associated with applying software development practices in the field of user interface. 'œHuman-Centered Software Engineering' provides accounts of the application of software engineering practices (which may be principles, techniques, tools, methods, processes, etc.) to a specific domain or to the development of a significant interactive system. The book gathers experiences gained by various companies and research centers working in the field of user interface engineering over a significant amount of time.

List of Figures	p. xi
List of Tables	p. xvii
Contributing Authors	p. xxi
Human-Centered Software Engineering: Software Engineering Architectures, Patterns, and Models for Human Computer Interaction	p. 1
Scope	p. 1
Specific Objectives of the CHISE Volume II	p. 2
Overview	p. 2
Chapter Summaries	p. 3
References	p. 6
User Experiences, Usability Requirements, and Design
What Drives Software Development: Bridging the Gap Between Software and Usability Engineering	p. 9
Introduction	p. 9
Use Case Driven Software Development	p. 11
Architecture Centric	p. 14
From Essential Use Cases to the Conceptual Architecture	p. 17
Tool Issues	p. 20
Conclusion	p. 23
References	p. 24
Human Activity Modeling: Toward a Pragmatic Integration of Activity Theory and Usage-Centered Design	p. 27
Introduction	p. 28
Activity Theory	p. 29
Usage-Centered Design	p. 31
Toward Integration	p. 33
Human Activity Modeling	p. 35
Design Implications	p. 43
Process Implications	p. 44
Application	p. 45
Discussion	p. 47
References	p. 50
A User-Centered Framework for Deriving a Conceptual Design from User Experiences: Leveraging Personas and Patterns to Create Usable Designs	p. 53
Introduction	p. 54
A First Look at the Proposed Framework	p. 55
Modeling User Experiences with Personas	p. 56
Creating a Conceptual Design Using Patterns	p. 57
An Illustrative Case Study	p. 61
A Detailed Description of UX-process	p. 70
Further Investigation: The P2P Mapper Tool	p. 74
Conclusion	p. 76
References	p. 79
XML-Based Tools for Creating, Mapping, and Transforming Usability Engineering Requirements	p. 83
Introduction	p. 83
Toolset Overview	p. 85
Using XML to Structure UE Specifications	p. 89
Mapping Between XML-based UE and SE Specifications	p. 92
Translating Between XML-based UE Requirements Into SE Specifications	p. 99
Conclusion	p. 102
References	p. 102
Modeling and Model-Driven Engineering
MultiPath Transformational Development of User Interfaces with Graph Transformations	p. 107
Introduction	p. 108
Related Work	p. 110
Expressing the UI Development Cycle with Graph Transformations	p. 111
Development Paths	p. 118
Conclusion	p. 134
References	p. 135
Human-Centered Engineering with UIML	p. 139
Introduction	p. 140
UIML: An Overview	p. 141
Tools for and Extensions of UIML	p. 148
Improvements to UIML for Version 4.0	p. 156
UIML-Related Standards	p. 166
Conclusion	p. 169
References	p. 170
Megamodeling and Metamodel-Driven Engineering for Plastic User Interfaces: Mega-UI	p. 173
Introduction	p. 174
Plasticity: Case Study and Engineering Issues	p. 175
Modeling, Metamodeling, and Megamodeling	p. 182
MDE for Plasticity	p. 190
Conclusions and Perspectives	p. 196
References	p. 197
Cause and Effect in User Interface Development	p. 201
Introduction	p. 201
Research Study	p. 205
Eliciting Needs and Context	p. 209
Design	p. 210
Evaluation in Context	p. 214
Foundation and Context of an Evaluation Model	p. 215
Conclusion	p. 218
References	p. 219
Interactive Systems Architectures
From User Interface Usability to the Overall Usability of Interactive Systems: Adding Usability in System Architecture	p. 225
Introduction	p. 226
Background and Related Work	p. 227
Identifying and Categorizing Typical Scenarios	p. 228
Patterns as Solutions to the Problems Documented as Scenarios	p. 230
Modeling Cause-Effect Relationships Between Software Elements and Usability	p. 237
Conclusion and Future Investigations	p. 242
References	p. 243
Toward a Refined Paradigm for Architecting Usable Systems	p. 245
Introduction	p. 245
An Overview of Previous Work	p. 246
Usability at the Requirements Definition Stage	p. 248
Usability-Centered Software Development Process	p. 251
Conclusion	p. 253
References	p. 254
Trace-Based Usability Evaluation Using Aspect-Oriented Programming and Agent-Based Software Architecture	p. 257
Introduction	p. 257
First Approach for Early Usability Evaluation: Injection of the Mechanism of Traces by Aspect-Oriented Programming	p. 258
Second Approach: Interactive Agent-Based Architecture and Evaluation Module	p. 263
Towards an Assistance System for the Evaluation of Agent-Based Interactive Systems	p. 266
Comparison Between the two Approaches	p. 268
Conclusion	p. 273
References	p. 274
Achieving Usability of Adaptable Software: The AMF-Based Approach	p. 277
Introduction	p. 277
State-of-the-art	p. 278
AMF and Its Relationships With Other Models	p. 281
A Method for Designing Adaptable Applications	p. 289
Future Developments and Conclusion	p. 294
References	p. 295
Reengineering, Reverse Engineering, and Refactoring
The Gains Design Process: How to do Structured Design of User Interfaces in any Software Environment	p. 301
The Costs of Changing User Interfaces	p. 302
Overview of the Gains Process	p. 304
Overview of XP's Planning Levels	p. 305
Evaluations of Usability	p. 313
Difficulties With Two XP Assumptions	p. 314
Conclusions	p. 315
References	p. 315
Legacy Systems Interaction Reengineering	p. 317
Introduction	p. 318
Motivation for Interaction Engineers	p. 318
Generic Methodology	p. 319
Applications of Interaction Reengineering	p. 323
From Websites to Web Services	p. 325
Advantages and Limitations	p. 331
References	p. 332
Reverse Engineering for Usability Evaluation	p. 335
Introduction	p. 335
GUI Model	p. 338
Design of the GUI Ripper	p. 345
Implementation	p. 347
Empirical Evaluation	p. 349
Related Work	p. 351
Conclusions and Future Work	p. 352
References	p. 353
Task Models and System Models as a Bridge between HCI and SE	p. 357
Introduction	p. 358
Related Work	p. 359
Why a Task Model is Not Enough	p. 359
A Classical System Model	p. 361
The Improved System Model	p. 362
Scenarios as a Bridge Between Tasks and System Models	p. 363
A Case Study	p. 365
The Integration of the Models: CTT-ICO	p. 375
Conclusions	p. 382
References	p. 384
Authors Index	p. 387
Subject Index	p. 395
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