Human-Computer Interaction

by Dix, Alan; Finlay, Janet E.; Abowd, Gregory D.; Beale, Russell

• ISBN13: 9780132398640
• ISBN10: 0132398648
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

Extensively revised and rewritten in light of recent advances, this best-selling text is a comprehensive examination of human-computer interaction. The central focus of this exciting revision is the design of computer technology, and how computer technology can be made more usable by people. It provides a multi-disciplinary approach to the subject through a synthesis of computer science, cognitive science, psychology, and sociology, and stresses a principled approach to interactive systems design that fits a software engineering environment.

Table of Contents

Foreword	xi	(2)
Preface to the second edition	xiii	(2)
Preface to the first edition	xv
Introduction	1	(8)
Part I Foundations	9	(132)
1 The human	12	(42)
1.1 Introduction	12	(1)
1.2 Input-output channels	13	(13)
Design Focus: Getting noticed	16	(10)
1.3 Human memory	26	(10)
Design Focus: Cashing in	29	(7)
1.4 Thinking: reasoning and problem solving	36	(12)
Design Focus: Whose error?	47	(1)
1.5 Individual differences	48	(1)
1.6 Psychology and the design of interactive systems	48	(3)
1.7 Summary	51	(1)
Exercises	51	(1)
Recommended reading	51	(3)
2 The Computer	54	(49)
2.1 Introduction	54	(2)
2.2 Text entry devices	56	(7)
2.3 Positioning and pointing devices	63	(9)
2.4 Output devices	72	(7)
2.5 Paper: Printing and scanning	79	(10)
Design Focus: Readability of text	83	(6)
2.6 Memory	89	(7)
2.7 Processing	96	(5)
Design Focus: The myth of the infinitely fast machine	97	(4)
2.8 Summary	101	(1)
Recommended reading	102	(1)
3 The interaction	103	(38)
3.1 Introduction	103	(1)
3.2 Models of interaction	104	(5)
Design Focus: VCR	109	(1)
3.3 Frameworks and HCI	109	(1)
3.4 Ergonomics	110	(5)
Design Focus: Industrial interfaces	112	(3)
3.5 Interaction styles	115	(8)
3.6 Elements of the WIMP interface	123	(8)
Design Focus: Learning toolbars	129	(2)
3.7 Screen design and layout	131	(5)
Design Focus: Checking screen colours	132	(4)
3.8 Interactivity	136	(1)
3.9 The context of the interaction	137	(1)
3.10 Summary	138	(1)
Exercises	139	(1)
Recommended reading	139	(2)
Part II Design practice	141	(320)
4 Usability paradigms and principles	143	(36)
4.1 Introduction	143	(1)
4.2 Paradigms for interaction	144	(18)
4.3 Principles to support usability	162	(15)
4.4 Summary	177	(1)
Exercises	177	(1)
Recommended reading	177	(2)
5 The design process	179	(44)
5.1 Introduction	179	(1)
5.2 The software life cycle	179	(11)
5.3 Using design rules	190	(9)
5.4 Usability engineering	199	(6)
5.5 Iterative design and prototyping	205	(7)
Design Focus: Prototyping in practice	209	(3)
5.6 Design rationale	212	(8)
5.7 Summary	220	(1)
Exercises	220	(1)
Recommended reading	221	(2)
6 Models of the user in design	223	(37)
6.1 Introduction	223	(1)
6.2 User requirements modelling	223	(1)
6.3 Socio-technical models	224	(3)
6.4 Soft systems methodology	227	(2)
6.5 Participatory design	229	(1)
6.6 Cognitive models	230	(1)
6.7 Goal and task hierarchies	231	(10)
Design Focus: GOMS saves money	234	(7)
6.8 Linguistic models	241	(4)
6.9 The challenge of display-based systems	245	(1)
6.10 Physical and device models	246	(8)
6.11 Cognitive architectures	254	(3)
6.12 Summary	257	(1)
Exercises	258	(1)
Recommended reading	259	(1)
7 Task analysis	260	(32)
7.1 Introduction	260	(1)
7.2 Differences between task analysis and other techniques	261	(1)
7.3 Task decomposition	262	(6)
7.4 Knowledge-based analysis	268	(6)
7.5 Entity-relationship-based techniques	274	(6)
7.6 Sources of information and data collection	280	(7)
7.7 Uses of task analysis	287	(3)
7.8 Summary	290	(1)
Exercises	291	(1)
Recommended reading	291	(1)
8 Dialog notations and design	292	(49)
8.1 What is dialog?	292	(2)
8.2 Dialog design notations	294	(2)
8.3 Diagrammatic notations	296	(17)
Design Focus: Using STNs in prototyping	299	(12)
Design Focus: Digital watch -- documentation and analysis	311	(2)
8.4 Textual dialog notations	313	(11)
8.5 Dialog semantics	324	(6)
8.6 Dialog analysis and design	330	(7)
8.7 Summary	337	(1)
Exercises	338	(1)
Recommended reading	339	(2)
9 Models of the systems	341	(37)
9.1 Introduction	341	(1)
9.2 Standard formalisms	341	(13)
9.3 Interaction models	354	(11)
9.4 Status/event analysis	365	(8)
9.5 Summary	373	(1)
Exercises	374	(1)
Recommended reading	375	(3)
10 Implementation support	378	(28)
10.1 Introduction	378	(1)
10.2 Elements of Windowing systems	379	(5)
10.3 Programming the application	384	(6)
Design Focus: Going with the grain	389	(1)
10.4 Using toolkits	390	(5)
Design Focus: Java and AWT	392	(3)
10.5 User interface management systems	395	(7)
10.6 Summary	402	(1)
Exercises	403	(1)
Recommended reading	403	(3)
11 Evaluation techniques	406	(38)
11.1 What is evaluation?	406	(1)
11.2 Goals of evaluation	406	(1)
11.3 Styles of evaluation	407	(1)
11.4 Evaluating the design	408	(7)
11.5 Evaluating the implementation	415	(21)
11.6 Choosing an evaluation method	436	(4)
11.7 Summary	440	(1)
Exercises	441	(1)
Recommended reading	441	(3)
12 Help and documentation	444	(19)
12.1 Introduction	444	(1)
12.2 Requirements of user support	445	(1)
12.3 Approaches to user support	446	(4)
12.4 Adaptive help systems	450	(7)
12.5 Designing user support systems	457	(2)
12.6 Summary	459	(1)
Exercises	459	(1)
Recommended reading	460	(1)
Part III Application areas	461	(150)
13 Groupware	463	(47)
13.1 Introduction	463	(1)
13.2 Groupware systems	464	(3)
13.3 Computer-mediated communication	467	(9)
13.4 Meeting and decision support systems	476	(5)
13.5 Shared applications and artefacts	481	(7)
13.6 Frameworks for groupware	488	(8)
13.7 Implementing synchronous groupware	496	(10)
13.8 Summary	506	(1)
Exercises	507	(1)
Recommended reading	507	(3)
14 CSCW and social issues	510	(44)
14.1 Introduction	510	(1)
14.2 Face-to-face communication	511	(5)
14.3 Conversation	516	(12)
14.4 Text-based communication	528	(9)
14.5 Group working	537	(7)
14.6 Organizational issues	544	(6)
Design Focus: Implementing workflow in Lotus Notes	549	(1)
14.7 Summary	550	(1)
Exercises	551	(1)
Recommended reading	552	(2)
15 Out of the glass box	554	(39)
15.1 Introduction	554	(1)
15.2 Multi-modal and multimedia systems	555	(1)
15.3 Speech in the interface	556	(6)
Design Focus: Mathematics for the blind	559	(2)
Design Focus: Choosing the right kind of speech	561	(1)
15.4 Non-speech sound	562	(5)
15.5 Handwriting recognition	567	(2)
Design Focus: Apple Newton	567	(2)
15.6 Gesture recognition	569	(1)
15.7 Computer vision	569	(1)
15.8 Ubiquitous computing applications research	570	(6)
15.9 Interfaces for users with special needs	576	(2)
15.10 Virtual reality	578	(5)
Design Focus: Applications of augmented reality	582	(1)
15.11 Information and data visualization	583	(7)
15.12 Summary	590	(1)
Exercises	591	(1)
Recommended reading	591	(2)
16 Hypertext, multimedia and the World Wide Web	593	(18)
16.1 Introduction	593	(1)
16.2 Text, hypertext and multimedia	593	(3)
16.3 The World Wide Web	596	(2)
16.4 Animation	598	(1)
16.5 Video and digital video	599	(1)
16.6 Educational technology	600	(2)
16.7 Design focus: designing for the World Wide Web	602	(7)
16.8 Summary	609	(1)
Exercises	610	(1)
Recommended reading	610	(1)
References	611	(17)
Index	628