Humanitarians in Hostile Territory: Expeditionary Diplomacy and Aid Outside the Green Zone

by Van Arsdale,Peter W

• ISBN13: 9781598744446
• ISBN10: 1598744445
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2010-07-15
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

More than ever, humanitarian aid workers and diplomats are engaging with vulnerable populations in areas once considered too dangerous to touch. Drawing on decades of on-the-ground experience in conflict environments around the world, Van Arsdale and Smith offer this important and revealing guide to the ethics, theory, and practice of work outside so-called Green Zones of safety. On behalf of governments or NGOs, on missions ranging from complex humanitarian emergencies to post-war reconstruction, social scientists in interdisciplinary teams are operating in settings where the line between civilian and military projects is increasingly blurred. This book is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand the realities of these new humanitarianisms and for the fields of international relations, anthropology, development studies, and peace studies.

Author Biography

Peter W. Van Arsdale, Ph.D., is a senior lecturer at the Josef Korbel School of International Studies at the University of Denver and a senior researcher with eCrossCulture Corporation. He has conducted fieldwork in the United States, Romania, Bosnia, Indonesia, Sudan, Ethiopia, Guyana, Peru, and El Salvador, and recently helped initiate a program in East Timor with Nobel Peace Laureate JosT Ramos-Horta. He is chair of the  Committee on Human Rights of the Society for Applied Anthropology and member of the Committee for Human Rights of the American Anthropological Association. Among his many publications in the field is Forced to Flee: Human Rights and Human Wrongs in Refugee Homelands (2006).

Derrin R. Smith, Ph.D., is a political officer at the U.S. Embassy in Beirut, Lebanon, working on terrorism finance and sanctions, trafficking in persons, Iraqi refugees and internally displaced persons, and broader issues involving human rights, labor, and democracy. He holds degrees in technical management, finance, and international economics. His experience includes service as a diplomat and political action officer with PRT Anbar, Iraq, specializing in tribal outreach and development of the provincial governing council; as a diplomat and deputy chief of American Citizen Services in Guadalajara, Mexico, for the U.S. Department of State; and in Afghanistan contributing to studies on disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration programs. He also has been a corporate executive for high technology corporations, worked in investment banking, and taught on intelligence and international security at the University of Denver. He is a life member of the Association of Former Intelligence Officers and an academic fellow of the Foundation for Defense of Democracies.

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations	p. 9
List of Acronyms	p. 11
Preface and Acknowledgments	p. 17
Setting the Stage	p. 27
Humanitarianism, Development, and Intervention	p. 29
A Moral Template	p. 29
The Humanitarian Enterprise	p. 35
The Development Enterprise	p. 45
Warriors, Builders, Chaplains, and Humanitarians	p. 54
Box: Engineering Aid in Afghanistan	p. 57
Types of Change and Intervention	p. 58
An Ethics of Cooperation and Intervention	p. 65
The Reciprocity of Humanitarianism and Development	p. 67
Outside the Green Zone: Nonpermissive Areas of Operation	p. 71
The Green Zone	p. 71
ôCountry Operationsö and ôCountry Teamsö	p. 73
Humanitarianism and Warfare	p. 76
The Accidental War: The 2006 Crisis between Israel and Lebanon	p. 82
Armed and Unarmed NSAs	p. 93
The Privatization of War	p. 97
In-Situ Preliminary Assessments, Threat Analyses, and Kofi Annan's Lessons	p. 103
The Necessity of Preliminary Assessments	p. 105
Box: Tigrayan Water Systems	p. 112
Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs)	p. 115
The Country Operations Plan	p. 117
Preliminary Assessments and Humanitarian Interventions	p. 120
Threat, Risk, and Vulnerability Analyses	p. 121
Box: Salvadoran Water Resources	p. 127
Kofi Annan's Lessons	p. 130
On Site, in Action	p. 133
Training and Equipping for Deployment	p. 135
Personal Preparedness	p. 135
Equipment Needs and Checklists	p. 145
Box: Operation Jaque	p. 149
Training Protocols	p. 151
Self-Doctoring Kits and Medical Training	p. 157
Legal Checklists	p. 160
Transit Operations, Communications, and Smart Technologies	p. 161
Transit Operations: Always Necessary, Often Controversial	p. 161
Planning for Threats: Obviously Needed, Occasionally Ignored	p. 171
Box: Ubiquitous Threats	p. 175
Communications	p. 177
Smart Technologies and Electronic Innovations	p. 182
Message Dissemination and Public Relations	p. 188
Best Practices for Hazardous Areas of Operation: Fixed Sites and Field Schools	p. 191
Military Fortresses, Bases, and Camps	p. 191
Romanian Military Camps and Operations	p. 196
Fixing Perimeters, Establishing Sites, and Securing Operations	p. 212
Permanent Urban Facilities	p. 215
Permanent Rural Facilities	p. 220
Permanent Remote Facilities	p. 225
Temporary Remote Operations	p. 227
Disengagement	p. 229
Applications and Implications	p. 231
Foreign Service, Tribal Outreach, and Special Operations	p. 233
The United States Foreign Service	p. 234
Tribal Outreach and Transition	p. 238
Three Case Studies	p. 240
Box: Best Practices, Lessons Learned #1	p. 248
Box: Best Practices, Lessons Learned #2	p. 249
The Battle for Anbar Province	p. 251
Box: Best Practices, Lessons Learned #3	p. 257
Special Operations	p. 261
Box: The Roles and Methods of HTTs	p. 271
Sustaining Operations through DEFTs	p. 273
Conclusion: Back to the Future	p. 277
A Non-Ideological Stance	p. 277
Civil Society and Pragmatic Humanitarianism	p. 281
The Co-Evolution of Warfare and Humanitarianism	p. 282
Anthropology and the Military	p. 287
Scenarios and Simulations	p. 297
Coming Full Circle	p. 300
Appendix	p. 303
References	p. 321
Index	p. 339
About the Authors	p. 351
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