Humanities through The Arts

by Martin, F. David; Jacobus, Lee A.

• ISBN13: 9780072407099
• ISBN10: 0072407093
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-05-22
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages

Summary

Humanities through the Artsis intended for introductory-level, interdisciplinary courses offered across the curriculum in the Humanities, Philosophy, Art, English, Music, and Education departments. Arranged topically by art form from painting, sculpture, photography, and architecture to literature, music, theater, film, and dance. This beautifully illustrated text helps students learn how to actively engage a work of art. The new sixth edition retains the popular focus on the arts as an expression of cultural and personal values.

Table of Contents

Preface	xvii
Part I Fundamentals	1	(68)
The Humanities: An Introduction	3	(18)
The Humanities: A Study of Values	3	(2)
Taste	5	(2)
Responses to Art	7	(6)
Perception Key: Echo of a Scream	7	(2)
Perception Key: Siqueiros and Blume	9	(2)
Perception Key: Guernica	11	(1)
Perception Key: Composition in White, Black, and Red	12	(1)
Structure and Artistic Form	13	(1)
Perception Key: The Eternal City	14	(1)
Perception	14	(2)
Perception Key: ``l(a''	15	(1)
Abstract Ideas and Concrete Images	16	(3)
Perception Key: ``Piano And Drums''	17	(1)
Perception Key: ``Africa''	18	(1)
Summary	19	(1)
Bibliography	19	(1)
Internet Resources	20	(1)
What Is a Work of Art?	21	(32)
Identifying Art Conceptually	22	(1)
Perception Key: Identifying a Work of Art	22	(1)
Identifying Art Perceptually	22	(1)
Artistic Form	23	(4)
Perception Key: Goya and Adams	27	(1)
Participation	27	(4)
Participation and Artistic Form	31	(2)
Content	33	(2)
Perception Key: Goya and Adams Revisited	35	(1)
Subject Matter	35	(1)
Subject Matter and Artistic Form	36	(1)
Participation, Artistic Form, and Content	37	(1)
Perception Key: Adams, Carter, and Goya	38	(1)
Artistic Form: Examples	38	(7)
Perception Key: Comic Strips and Lichtenstein's Transformations (Figures 2-7 through 2-16)	40	(1)
Perception Key: Comic Strip and Lichtenstein's Transformations, Pair 2	41	(2)
Perception Key: Comic Strips and Lichtenstein's Transformations, Pairs 3, 4, and 5	43	(1)
Perception Key: I Can See the Whole Room ... and There's Nobody In It! (Figure 2-7)	44	(1)
Subject Matter and Content	45	(5)
Perception Key: The Female Nude	50	(1)
Summary	50	(1)
Bibliography	51	(1)
Internet Resources	52	(1)
Being a Critic of the Arts	53	(16)
You Are Already an Art Critic	53	(1)
Participation and the Critic	54	(1)
Kinds of Criticism	55	(1)
Perception Key: Kinds of Criticism	55	(1)
Descriptive Criticism	55	(2)
Perception Key: Last Supper	57	(1)
Detail, Regional, and Structural Relationships	57	(1)
Perception Key: Detail, Regional, or Structural Dominance	57	(1)
Interpretive Criticism	58	(4)
Perception Key: Sullivan and Le Corbusier	59	(1)
Perception Key: Dickinson's Poem	60	(2)
Evaluative Criticism	62	(3)
Perception Key: Evaluative Criticism 1	62	(2)
Perception Key: Evaluative Criticism 2	64	(1)
Perception Key: Censorship	64	(1)
Summary	65	(1)
Bibliography	66	(1)
Internet Resources	67	(2)
Part II The Arts	69	(312)
Painting	71	(42)
Perception Key: Your Visual Powers	71	(2)
The Media of Painting	73	(1)
Tempera	73	(2)
Fresco	75	(1)
Oil	76	(3)
Watercolor	79	(1)
Acrylic	79	(1)
Other Media	79	(1)
Pigment and Binders	80	(1)
Elements of Painting	80	(1)
Line	80	(6)
Perception Key: Goya, Frankenthaler, and Cezanne	85	(1)
Perception Key: Fan K'uan	85	(1)
Color	86	(2)
Perception Key: Color and Light	88	(1)
Texture	88	(1)
Perception Key: Texture	88	(1)
Composition	89	(1)
Principles	89	(1)
Perception Key: Principles of Composition	90	(1)
Techniques	90	(1)
Space and Shapes	90	(2)
Perception Key: Composition	91	(1)
The Clarity of Painting	92	(1)
Perception Key: Mont Sainte-Victoire	92	(1)
The ``All-at-Onceness'' of Painting	93	(1)
Abstract Painting	94	(2)
Perception Key: Rothko and Music	95	(1)
Intensity and Restfulness	96	(1)
Perception Key: Rothko and O'Keeffe	96	(1)
Representational Painting	97	(1)
Comparisons of Paintings	98	(1)
Interpretation of the Madonna and Child	98	(7)
Perception Key: Coppo, Cimabue, and Giotto	98	(6)
Perception Key: Giotto and Parmigianino	104	(1)
Determining the Subject Matter of a Painting	105	(2)
Perception Key: Frankenthaler	105	(2)
Interpretation of the Self: Frida Kahlo, Romaine Brooks, and Rembrandt van Rijn	107	(3)
Perception Key: Three Self-Portraits	108	(2)
Some Painting Styles of the Twentieth Century	110	(1)
Summary	111	(1)
Bibliography	111	(1)
Internet Resources	112	(1)
Sculpture	113	(40)
Sculpture and Touch	113	(1)
Perception Key: Experiment with Touch	113	(1)
Sculpture and Density	114	(1)
Sensory Interconnections	114	(1)
Sculpture and Painting Compared	115	(3)
Perception Key: Rothko and Arp	116	(2)
Sunken-Relief Sculpture	118	(1)
Low-Relief Sculpture	118	(2)
High-Relief Sculpture	120	(1)
Sculpture in the Round	120	(4)
Perception Key: Pieta	122	(2)
Sculpture and Architecture Compared	124	(1)
Sensory Space	125	(1)
Sculpture and the Human Body	126	(1)
Perception Key: Exercise in Drawing and Modeling	127	(1)
Sculpture in the Round and the Human Body	127	(2)
Perception Key: Aphrodite and Venus	128	(1)
Perception Key: David, Pieta, and Aphrodite	129	(1)
Techniques of Sculpture	129	(4)
Contemporary Sculpture	133	(1)
Truth to Materials	133	(2)
Perception Key: Truth to Materials	133	(2)
Space Sculpture	135	(4)
Perception Key: Reclining Figure, Pelagos, and Brussels Construction	136	(3)
Protest against Technology	139	(2)
Accommodation with Technology	141	(1)
Machine Sculpture	142	(1)
Perception Key: Two Lines --- Temporal I and Homage to New York	143	(1)
Earth Sculpture	143	(2)
Perception Key: Earth Sculpture	144	(1)
Sculpture in Public Places	145	(5)
Perception Key: The Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Tilted Arc, and the Vietnam Women's Memorial	148	(2)
Summary	150	(1)
Bibliography	150	(1)
Internet Resources	151	(2)
Architecture	153	(49)
Centered Space	153	(2)
Space and Architecture	155	(1)
Chartres	155	(3)
Living Space	158	(1)
Perception Key: Buildings	158	(1)
Four Necessities of Architecture	159	(1)
Technical Requirements of Architecture	160	(2)
Perception Key: Parthenon and Chartres	160	(2)
Functional Requirements of Architecture	162	(3)
Perception Key: Form, Function, Content, and Space	162	(2)
Perception Key: Guggenheim Museum	164	(1)
Spatial Requirements of Architecture	165	(1)
Revelatory Requirements of Architecture	165	(4)
Perception Key: September 11, 2001	166	(2)
Perception Key: Values and Architecture	168	(1)
Earth-Rooted Architecture	169	(1)
Site	169	(1)
Gravity	170	(2)
Raw Materials	172	(1)
Perception Key: Architecture and Materials	173	(1)
Centrality	173	(4)
Sky-Oriented Architecture	177	(4)
Perception Key: Sagrada Familia	181	(1)
Axis Mundi	181	(2)
Defiance of Gravity	183	(2)
Perception Key: Architectural Centrality	184	(1)
Integration of Light	185	(2)
Earth-Resting Architecture	187	(1)
Earth-Dominating Architecture	188	(4)
Perception Key: Palazzo Farnese	188	(1)
Perception Key: The National Gallery and the New East Wing	189	(1)
Perception Key: Earth-Dominating Architecture	190	(2)
Combinations of Types	192	(4)
Perception Key: The Palazzo Farnese and the Long Island Federal Courthouse	192	(3)
Perception Key: Gehry and Eisenman	195	(1)
Urban Planning	196	(3)
Perception Key: City Planning	196	(3)
Perception Key: Three Urban Views	199	(1)
Summary	199	(1)
Bibliography	200	(1)
Internet Resources	201	(1)
Literature	202	(31)
Perception Key: Dylan Thomas	204	(1)
Perception Key: ``The Lotus Eaters''	204	(2)
Literary Structures	206	(1)
The Narrative and the Narrator	206	(2)
Perception Key: ``Piano''	207	(1)
Perception Key: ``Paralytic''	208	(1)
The Episodic Narrative	208	(1)
The Organic Narrative	209	(1)
Perception Key: ``Piano'' and ``Paralytic''	210	(1)
The Quest Narrative	210	(2)
Perception Key: The Quest Narrative	211	(1)
The Lyric	212	(6)
Perception Key: ``When I Have Fears . . .''	213	(1)
Perception Key: ``Pied Beauty''	214	(1)
Perception Key: ``A Noiseless Patient Spider''	215	(2)
Perception Key: Varieties of Lyric	217	(1)
Literary Details	218	(1)
Image	218	(2)
Perception Key: Conrad's Youth	218	(2)
Perception Key: John Donne	220	(1)
Perception Key: ``The Retired Official Yuan's High Pavilion''	220	(1)
Metaphor	220	(3)
Perception Key: Shakespeare's 73rd Sonnet	221	(2)
Symbol	223	(3)
Perception Key: ``The Sick Rose''	224	(1)
Perception Key: Crime and Punishment	225	(1)
Diction	226	(4)
Perception Key: ``Upon Julia's Clothes''	227	(1)
Perception Key: The Gettysburg Address and Diction	228	(2)
Perception Key: Psalm 23	230	(1)
Summary	230	(1)
Bibliography	231	(1)
Internet Resources	232	(1)
Drama	233	(27)
Imitation and Realism	233	(3)
Aristotle and the Elements of Drama	236	(1)
Perception Key: Shakespeare and Arthur Miller	236	(1)
Soliloquy and Monologue	237	(1)
Perception Key: The Soliloquy	237	(1)
An Alternative Theory	238	(1)
Perception Key: Hegel	238	(1)
Archetypal Patterns	238	(2)
Perception Key: Archetypes	240	(1)
Genres of Drama: Tragedy	240	(1)
The Tragic Stage	241	(1)
Perception Key: The Proscenium Stage	242	(1)
Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet	242	(4)
Perception Key: Drama and Music	243	(2)
Perception Key: Tragedy	245	(1)
Comedy: Old and New	246	(3)
Perception Key: Type Characters	247	(2)
Perception Key: Old and New Comedy	249	(1)
Tragicomedy: The Mixed Genre	249	(1)
A Play for Study: The Rising of the Moon	250	(5)
Perception Key: The Rising of the Moon	255	(1)
Experimental Drama	255	(3)
Perception Key: Experimental Drama	258	(1)
Summary	258	(1)
Bibliography	258	(1)
Internet Resources	259	(1)
Music	260	(34)
Hearing and Listening	260	(1)
Perception Key: Hearing and Listening	261	(1)
The Elements of Music	261	(2)
Tone	263	(1)
Consonance	263	(1)
Dissonance	263	(1)
Rhythm	264	(1)
Tempo	264	(1)
Melodic Material: Melody, Theme, and Motive	264	(1)
Counterpoint	265	(1)
Harmony	265	(1)
Dynamics	266	(1)
Contrast	266	(1)
The Subject Matter of Music	267	(1)
Feelings	268	(2)
Two Theories: Formalism and Expressionism	270	(1)
Sound	271	(1)
Perception Key: The Subject Matter of Music	272	(1)
Tonal Center	272	(2)
Perception Key: ``Swing Low, Sweet Chariot''	274	(1)
Musical Structures	274	(1)
Theme and Variations	274	(1)
Rondo	275	(1)
Fugue	275	(1)
Sonata Form	276	(1)
Perception Key: Sonata Form	277	(1)
Fantasia	277	(1)
The Symphony	278	(3)
Perception Key: The Symphony	281	(1)
Beethoven's Symphony in Eb Major, No. 3, Eroica	281	(2)
Listening Key: The Symphony	283	(8)
Perception Key: Movement I	285	(2)
Perception Key: Movement II	287	(1)
Perception Key: Movement III	288	(2)
Perception Key: Movement IV	290	(1)
Perception Key: The Eroica	290	(1)
Summary	291	(1)
Bibliography	292	(1)
Internet Resources	293	(1)
Dance	294	(26)
Subject Matter of Dance	294	(2)
Perception Key: Feeling and Dance	295	(1)
Perception Key: Body Language and States of Mind	296	(1)
Form	296	(1)
Dance and Ritual	297	(1)
Indian Dance	298	(1)
The Zuni Rain Dance	299	(1)
Perception Key: Dance and Contemporary Rituals	300	(1)
Social Dance	300	(1)
Country and Folk Dance	301	(1)
The Court Dance	301	(1)
Perception Key: Social Dance	302	(1)
Ballet	302	(2)
Perception Key: Narrative and Bodily Movement	304	(1)
Swan Lake	304	(3)
Perception Key: Swan Lake	307	(1)
Modern Dance	307	(3)
Perception Key: Pretext and Movement	309	(1)
Alvin Ailey's Revelations	310	(2)
Perception Key: Revelations	312	(1)
Martha Graham	312	(1)
Pilobolus Dance Company	313	(1)
Mark Morris Dance Group	313	(1)
Twyla Tharp	314	(3)
Perception Key: Dance and Television	317	(1)
Summary	317	(1)
Bibliography	317	(1)
Internet Resources	318	(2)
Film	320	(33)
The Subject Matter of Film	320	(1)
Directing and Editing	321	(3)
Perception Key: Techniques of Directing and Editing	324	(1)
The Participative Experience and Film	324	(2)
Perception Key: Film, Drama, Television, and Participation	325	(1)
The Film Image	326	(5)
Perception Key: Godard's Weekend	326	(3)
Perception Key: Still Frames and Photography	329	(2)
Camera Point of View	331	(3)
Perception Key: Camera Vision	332	(1)
Perception Key: Technique and Film	333	(1)
Audience Response to Film	334	(1)
Sound	334	(2)
Perception Key: Sight and Sound	336	(1)
Image and Action	336	(1)
Film Structure	337	(3)
Filmic Meanings	340	(1)
Perception Key: Gesture	340	(1)
The Context of Film History	341	(1)
Francis Ford Coppola's The Godfather	342	(1)
The Narrative Structure of The Godfather, Parts I and II	342	(2)
Coppola's Images	344	(1)
Coppola's Use of Sound	345	(1)
The Power of The Godfather	345	(1)
James Cameron's Titanic	345	(3)
Perception Key: Titanic	347	(1)
Experimentation	348	(2)
Perception Key: Make a Film	350	(1)
Summary	350	(1)
Bibliography	351	(1)
Internet Resources	352	(1)
Photography	353	(28)
The Camera before Photography	353	(1)
The Power of Representation	353	(6)
Perception Key: Execution of Lady Jane Grey	354	(3)
Perception Key: Photography and Art	357	(2)
Photography and Painting: The Pictorialists	359	(3)
Perception Key: Pictorialism and Sentimentality	362	(1)
Straight Photography	362	(1)
Stieglitz: Pioneer of Straight Photography	363	(1)
Perception Key: The Steerage	363	(1)
The F/64 Group	364	(3)
Perception Key: O'Sullivan and Adams	366	(1)
The Documentarists	367	(5)
Perception Key: The Documentary Photographers	370	(2)
The Snapshot	372	(4)
Perception Key: Art and Censorship	376	(1)
Color Photography	376	(2)
Perception Key: The Modern Eve	378	(1)
Summary	378	(1)
Bibliography	379	(1)
Internet Resources	379	(2)
Part III Interrelationships	381	(2)
The Interrelationships of the Arts	383	(21)
Appropriation	383	(2)
Perception Key: Opera	384	(1)
Perception Key: Architecture	385	(1)
Synthesis	385	(3)
Perception Key: Cage, Cunningham, and Rauschenberg	385	(1)
Perception Key: Music and Poetry	386	(1)
Perception Key: Literature	386	(1)
Perception Key: Painting and Sculpture	387	(1)
Interpretation	388	(1)
Film Interprets Literature: Howards End	388	(3)
Perception Key: Howards End	391	(1)
Music Interprets Drama: The Marriage of Figaro	391	(3)
Perception Key: Beaumarchais' and Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro	394	(1)
Poetry Interprets Painting: The Starry Night	394	(3)
Perception Key: Fagles' and Sexton's ``The Starry Night''	397	(1)
Sculpture Interprets Poetry: Apollo and Daphne	397	(2)
Perception Key: Ovid's The Metamorphoses and Bernini's Apollo and Daphne	399	(1)
Painting Interprets Dance and Music: The Dance and Music	399	(3)
Perception Key: Painting and the Interpretation of The Dance and Music	401	(1)
Perception Key: Death in Venice: Three Versions	401	(1)
Summary	402	(1)
Bibliography	403	(1)
Internet Resources	403	(1)
Is It Art or Something Like It?	404	(41)
Perception Key: Theories	406	(1)
Illustration	407	(1)
Realism	407	(1)
Perception Key: Woman with a Purse	408	(1)
Advertisements	408	(1)
Folk Art	409	(5)
Perception Key: Photography and Film	410	(2)
Perception Key: Rousseau and Grandma Moses	412	(2)
Popular Art	414	(6)
Perception Key: Pop Art	415	(1)
Perception Key: Norman Rockwell's Freedom from Want	415	(2)
Perception Key: Estes and Rosenquist	417	(2)
Perception Key: Christina's World	419	(1)
Perception Key: Illustration and Other Arts	420	(1)
Propaganda	420	(1)
Perception Key: Propaganda	421	(1)
Kitsch	421	(2)
Perception Key: Dali and Rockwell	422	(1)
Decoration	423	(4)
Perception Key: Book of Kells	426	(1)
Perception Key: Decoration and Realism	426	(1)
Craftworks	427	(2)
Perception Key: Crafts and Arts	428	(1)
Perception Key: Crafts and the Other Arts	429	(1)
Design	429	(2)
Perception Key: Designer Responsibility	429	(2)
Perception Key: Design and Other Arts	431	(1)
Idea Art	431	(1)
Dada	431	(3)
Perception Key: Picabia and Schamberg	432	(1)
Perception Key: Keith Arnatt	433	(1)
Duchampism	434	(2)
Perception Key: L.H.O.O.Q.	434	(2)
Conceptual Art	436	(2)
Perception Key: The Broken Kilometer	437	(1)
Perception Key: Conceptual Art	438	(1)
Performance Art	438	(2)
Perception Key: ATM Piece	439	(1)
Shock Art	440	(1)
Perception Key: Shock Art	441	(1)
Virtual Art	441	(2)
Perception Key: Virtual Art	441	(2)
Perception Key: Classification	443	(1)
Summary	443	(1)
Bibliography	443	(1)
Internet Resources	444	(1)
The Interrelationships of the Humanities	445	(1)
The Humanities and the Sciences	445	(1)
The Arts and the Other Humanities	446	(1)
Conception Key: Artists and Other Humanists	446	(1)
Conception Key: Other Humanists and Artists	447	(1)
Perceiving and Thinking	447	(1)
Conception Key: Perception and Conception	448	(1)
Values	448	(5)
Conception Key: Participation with Art and Values	449	(1)
Conception Key: The Origin of Value	450	(1)
Conception Key: Factual Value and Normative Value	451	(1)
Conception Key: Value Decisions	452	(1)
The Arts and History	453	(1)
Conception Key: The Arts and History	453	(1)
The Arts and Philosophy	453	(2)
Conception Key: Ethics and the Arts	454	(1)
The Arts and Theology	455	(1)
Conception Key: Religious Values and the Arts	455	(1)
Summary	456	(1)
Bibliography	457	(1)
Internet Resources	457
Glossary	1	(1)
Credits	1	(1)
Index	1