Humanities Vol. II : Cultural Roots and Continuities

by Witt, Mary Ann Frese; Brown, Charlotte; Dunbar, Roberta; Tirro, Frank; Witt, Ronald G.

• ISBN13: 9780618417773
• ISBN10: 061841777X
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-07-01
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

This introductory text presents an overview of the liberal arts--literature, art, music, philosophy, and history--with a particular emphasis on literature. The unique selection of works from each culture provides students with a global understanding of the humanities. Several pedagogical features of the Seventh Edition, such as chapter objectives, key terms, art images, and summary questions, help students understand the major concepts of the text. Each volume begins with a "Chronicle of Events" that provides a timetable of key events in world history. "Continuities" sections focus on the lasting contributions of each society.

Table of Contents

Illustrations	xi
Preface	xii
Chronicle of Events	xv
Introduction Defining the Humanities and Cultural Roots for the Twenty-First Century	xxv
PART SIX Renaissance and Reformation: Fusion of the Roots	1	(98)
Humanism and the Early Italian Renaissance	2	(13)
Beginnings of the Modern World	3	(4)
Daily Lives Marriage in Renaissance Florence	7	(2)
Reading Selections
Francesco Petrarch, from the Rime Sparse (Scattered Rhymes); from Letters on Familiar Matters	9	(2)
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, from the Oration on the Dignity of Man	11	(2)
Laura Cereta, Letter to Bibulus Sempronius: Defense of the Liberal Instruction of Women	13	(2)
Art and Architecture in Florence	15	(11)
The City of Florence	15	(1)
Florentine Architecture	16	(3)
Sculpture in Florence in the Fifteenth Century	19	(1)
New Developments in Painting	20	(6)
The End of the Florentine Renaissance: Machiavelli, Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael	26	(15)
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469--1527)	26	(2)
The Renaissance Artist	28	(1)
Daily Lives A Renaissance Banquet	29	(7)
Reading Selections
Niccolo Machiavelli, from The Prince	36	(5)
The Northern Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation	41	(58)
Erasmus (1463--1536)	42	(1)
The Protestant Reformation	43	(2)
Reform and Counter-Reform	45	(4)
Economic Expansion	49	(1)
Cultural Relativism	50	(1)
William Shakespeare (1564--1616) and the Late Renaissance	51	(2)
Daily Lives Theatergoing in Shakespeare's Time	53	(3)
Reading Selections
Desiderius Erasmus, from The Praise of Folly	56	(2)
Michel de Montaigne, from the Essays	58	(3)
William Shakespeare, from the Sonnets	61	(1)
William Shakespeare, The Tempest	62	(32)
Continuities: Renaissance and Reformation	94	(5)
PART SEVEN Science and Splendor: The Seventeenth Century	99	(90)
The Consolidation of Modernity	100	(18)
Daily Lives The Suffering of Ordinary People in the Thirty Years' War	101	(1)
The Thirty Years' War and Its Aftermath	101	(2)
The Scientific Revolution	103	(3)
Economic Life	106	(1)
The Age of Absolutism	107	(3)
Reading Selections
Rene Descartes, from the Discourse on Method	110	(2)
Thomas Hobbes, from Leviathan	112	(3)
John Locke, from the Second Treatise of Civil Government	115	(3)
The Baroque Style in Art and Literature	118	(20)
Baroque in the Visual Arts	119	(1)
Baroque Painting	119	(7)
Baroque Architecture and Sculpture in Rome: Gian Lorenzo Bernini	126	(2)
Literary Baroque	128	(4)
Reading Selections
Saint Teresa of Avila, from The Book of Her Life	132	(1)
Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, A Philosophical Satire; Sonnet on a Portrait of Herself	133	(2)
Richard Crashaw, from The Flaming Heart	135	(1)
John Donne, from Holy Sonnets; from Elegies	135	(3)
Two Masters of Baroque Music: Handel and Bach	138	(9)
George Frederick Handel (1685--1759): Messiah	138	(3)
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685--1750): Christmas Oratorio and Toccata and Fugue in D Minor	141	(6)
The Arts at the Court of Louis XIV	147	(42)
Louis XIV (1638--1715) and Absolutism	147	(1)
Versailles	148	(3)
Daily Lives Rituals at Versailles	151	(3)
French Court Ballet and the Origins of Modern Theatrical Dancing	154	(1)
French Neoclassical Drama	155	(2)
Marie de la Vergne de La Fayette (1634--1693) and the Origins of the Modern Novel	157	(1)
Reading Selections
Moliere, Tartuffe	158	(24)
Marie de la Vergne de La Fayette, from The Princess of Cleves	182	(4)
Continuities: The Seventeenth Century	186	(3)
PART EIGHT Reason, Revolution, Romanticism: The Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries	189	(92)
The European Enlightenment	190	(28)
A Prerevolutionary Movement	190	(7)
Aspects of Painting in the Enlightenment	197	(4)
Reading Selections
Voltaire, Micromegas	201	(8)
Voltaire, from the Philosophical Dictionary	209	(2)
Montesquieu, from The Persian Letters	211	(1)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, from The Social Contract	212	(2)
Mary Wollstonecraft, from A Vindication of the Rights of Woman	214	(4)
The Enlightenment in the United States	218	(19)
American Religion	218	(1)
The American Revolution	219	(1)
European Influences	220	(1)
American Federalism	221	(4)
Daily Lives Education in a Moravian School for Girls	225	(2)
From European Classicism to an ``American Style''	227	(2)
African American Voices in the Enlightenment	229	(2)
Reading Selections
Jonathan Edwards, from A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God	231	(1)
Thomas Jefferson, The Virginia Statute of Religious Liberty	232	(1)
Phillis Wheatley, from Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral; Letters to Samson Occom	233	(1)
David Walker, from David Walker's Appeal in Four Articles; Together with a Preamble, to the Coloured Citizens of the World	234	(3)
The Classical Style in Music, the Development of Opera, and Mozart's Don Giovanni	237	(11)
Opera	238	(1)
The Don Juan Theme	238	(1)
Don Giovanni: The Rake Punished	239	(9)
From Revolution to Romanticism	248	(33)
The French Revolution	248	(3)
The Art of the French Revolution: Jacques-Louis David (1748--1825)	251	(2)
Romanticism: A Revolutionary Movement	253	(1)
Enlightened Ideas, Romantic Style	254	(2)
Friedrich Schiller, Hymn to Joy	256	(1)
Individualism and the Romantic Hero	257	(1)
Nature and ``Natural People''	258	(1)
Influence of Rousseau	258	(1)
Daily Lives Lord Byron	259	(1)
Nature in Poetry, Music, and Art	260	(1)
Art: Revolution, Individualism, and Nature	261	(4)
The Romantic Woman and Romantic Love	265	(5)
Reading Selections
William Wordsworth, from The Prelude; The Solitary Reaper; Lines	270	(2)
Lord Byron, Prometheus; On This Day I Complete My Thirty-Sixth Year	272	(2)
John Keats, Ode to a Grecian Urn	274	(1)
Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ode to the West Wind; Ozymandias	275	(1)
Emily Dickinson, Selected Poems	276	(2)
Continuities: From the Enlightenment to Romanticism	278	(3)
PART NINE Industrialism and the Humanities: The Middle and Late Nineteenth Century	281	(54)
The Industrial Revolution and New Social Thought	282	(20)
Britain in the Lead	283	(1)
Karl Marx (1818--1883)	283	(1)
Material Progress	284	(1)
Daily Lives The Lives of the Urban Poor Under the Industrial Revolution	285	(1)
Liberalism	286	(1)
Slavery and the Abolitionist Movement	287	(1)
Women's Rights Movements	288	(1)
Reading Selections
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, from The Communist Manifesto	289	(4)
The ``Declaration of Sentiments'' of the Seneca Falls Convention	293	(1)
John Stuart Mill, from The Subjection of Women	294	(5)
Frederick Douglass, from ``What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?'': An Address Delivered in Rochester, New York, on 5 July 1852	299	(3)
Art and Literature in the Industrial World: Realism and Beyond	302	(33)
Architecture	302	(2)
Painting: Realism	304	(2)
Photography	306	(1)
Realism in Literature	307	(2)
The Poet and the City: Charles Baudelaire (1821--1867)	309	(1)
Late-Nineteenth-Century Thinkers and Writers	310	(2)
The New Painting	312	(3)
Postimpressionism and Symbolism	315	(4)
Reading Selections
Guy de Maupassant, A Fishing Excursion	319	(2)
Charles Baudelaire, from Les Fleurs du Mal/The Flowers of Evil; The Swan; from Poems in Prose (The Spleen of Paris)	321	(3)
Friedrich Nietzsche, Zarathustra's Prologue	324	(2)
Fyodor Dostoevsky, from Notes from Underground	326	(7)
Continuities: Industrialism and the Humanities	333	(2)
PART TEN Discontinuities: The Early Twentieth Century	335	(88)
Colonialism, the Great War, and Cultural Change	336	(20)
Colonialism	337	(4)
The Great War (World War I) and Its Aftermath	341	(3)
Daily Lives Life in the Trenches	344	(1)
Scientific Developments	345	(1)
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)	345	(2)
The Postwar Decades	347	(3)
Reading Selections
Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum Est; Strange Meeting	350	(1)
Ezra Pound, from Hugh Selwyn Mauberly	351	(1)
Rudyard Kipling, Recessional	352	(1)
Mohandas (``Mahatma'') Gandhi, from Letter to Lord Irwin; from A Conversation with Tobias and Mays	352	(2)
Sigmund Freud, from Civilization and Its Discontents	354	(2)
Modernism: Visual Arts, Music, and Dance	356	(34)
Modernist Painting, 1900--1930	357	(4)
Nonobjective and Expressionist Painting	361	(2)
Dada and Surrealism	363	(3)
Modernist Sculpture, 1900--1930	366	(1)
Modernist Painting in America	367	(3)
Modernist Architecture, 1900--1930	370	(4)
Two New Art Forms: Photography and Film	374	(5)
Igor Stravinsky (1882--1971), the Russian Ballet, and The Rite of Spring	379	(4)
Modern Dance	383	(1)
Jazz	384	(2)
Daily Lives Harlem Nightlife in the Twenties	386	(1)
Modernism and Indigenous Cultures in Latin America	387	(3)
Modernism: Theater and Literature	390	(33)
Influences of Asia on Modern European Theater	390	(1)
Modernist Movements in Fiction and Poetry	391	(2)
Surrealism	393	(1)
Negritude	394	(1)
The Harlem Renaissance	394	(1)
Developments in Latin American Literature	395	(2)
Reading Selections
Antonin Artaud, from The Theater and Its Double	397	(1)
Franz Kafka, A Country Doctor	398	(3)
T. S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock	401	(2)
Ezra Pound, The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter; In a Station of the Metro	403	(1)
Virginia Woolf, from A Room of One's Own	404	(2)
Leopold Sedar Senghor, Prayer to Masks	406	(1)
Leon Gontran Damas, They came that night	407	(1)
Claude McKay, If We Must Die	407	(1)
Langston Hughes, The Negro Speaks of Rivers; Danse Africaine	407	(1)
Marita Bonner, On Being Young---a Woman---and Colored	408	(2)
Jorge Luis Borges, Death and the Compass	410	(5)
Miguel Angel Asturias, Tatuana's Tale	415	(2)
Pablo Neruda, Ode to Broken Things	417	(1)
Octavio Paz, Madrugada al raso/Daybreak; Escritura/Writing; La exclamacion/Exclamation; Projimo lejano/Distant Neighbor	418	(2)
Continuities: The Early Twentieth Century: New Traditions	420	(3)
PART ELEVEN Cultural Plurality: From the Middle Twentieth Century On	423	(70)
Absurdity and Alienation: World War II and the Postwar Period	424	(33)
World War II	424	(2)
The Postwar Period	426	(2)
European Literature	428	(2)
Daily Lives The Existentialists' Life in Paris Under the German Occupation	430	(2)
Postwar American Literature	432	(2)
Postwar Music: Charlie Parker (1920--1955)	434	(1)
Painting After World War II	435	(1)
Sculpture After World War II	436	(3)
Reading Selections
Primo Levi, from If This Is a Man	439	(3)
Jean-Paul Sartre, The Republic of Silence	442	(1)
Simone de Beauvoir, from The Second Sex	443	(2)
Albert Camus, from The Myth of Sisyphus	445	(2)
Eugene Ionesco, The Leader	447	(3)
Ralph Ellison, Prologue to Invisible Man	450	(4)
Allen Ginsberg, Sunflower Sutra	454	(1)
Frantz Fanon, from The Wretched of the Earth	455	(2)
Postcolonialism, Postmodernism, and Beyond	457	(36)
The United States from the 1960s into the Twenty-First Century	457	(3)
The World After the Cold War	460	(3)
The Arts in the Contemporary World	463	(4)
Postmodernism, Culture, and the Arts	467	(2)
Architecture from the International Style to Postmodernism	469	(3)
Postmodern Visual Art: Polemics or Platitudes?	472	(2)
The Ascendancy of Craft: The Expansion of the Tradition	474	(1)
Postmodern Music and Dance	474	(1)
Mass Culture and Popular Music	475	(1)
Postmodern Literature and Theory	476	(2)
Reading Selections
Modern African Poems: Chinua Achebe, Generation Gap; Wole Soyinka, Death in the Dawn and I Think It Rains	478	(1)
From the Caribbean: Derek Walcott, White Magic and For Pablo Neruda	479	(1)
From the United States: Sonia Sanchez, present; Ishmael Reed, beware: do not read this poem; Rita Dove, Persephone Abducted and Demeter Mourning; John Barth, Autobiography: A Self-Recorded Fiction	480	(4)
From Latin America: Ernesto Cardenal, Prayer for Marilyn Monroe; Clarice Lispector, He Soaked Me Up	484	(3)
From Israel/Palestine: Yehuda Amichai, Jerusalem; 18; 42; Mahmoud Darwish, Identity Card	487	(3)
Continuities: The Humanities from the Middle Twentieth Century On	490	(3)
Glossary	493	(10)
Credits	503	(2)
Index	505