In the vast anthropological literature devoted to hunter-gatherer societies, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the place of hunter-gatherer children. Children often represent 40 percent of hunter-gatherer populations, thus nearly half the population is omitted from most hunter-gatherer ethnographies and research. The twenty-six contributions to this volume are designed to bridge the gap in our understanding of the daily lives, knowledge, and development of hunter-gatherer children.

Acknowledgments

xi

Preface

xiii

List of Contributors

xv

I THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL ISSUES

Emerging Issues in the Study of Hunter-Gatherer Children

3

(16)

Barry S. Hewlett

Michael E. Lamb

Hunter-Gatherer Infancy and Childhood: The !Kung and Others

19

(46)

Melvin Konner

Comes the Child before Man: How Cooperative Breeding and Prolonged Postweaning Dependence Shaped Human Potential

65

(27)

Sarah Blaffer Hrdy

Studying Children in ``Hunter-Gatherer'' Societies: Reflections from a Nayaka Perspective

92

(17)

Nurit Bird-David

II WHY DOES CHILDHOOD EXIST?

Introduction

105

(4)

Nick Blurton Jones

What Makes a Competent Adult Forager?

109

(20)

John Bock

Martu Children's Hunting Strategies in the Western Desert, Australia

129

(18)

Douglas W. Bird

Rebecca Bliege Bird

Growing Up Mikea: Children's Time Allocation and Tuber Foraging in Southwestern Madagascar

147

(30)

Bram Tucker

Alyson G. Young

III WHO CARES FOR HUNTER-GATHERER CHILDREN?

Introduction

175

(2)

Barry S. Hewlett

Who Tends Hadza Children?

177

(14)

Frank W. Marlowe

Child Caretakers Among Efe Foragers of the Ituri Forest

191

(23)

Paula Ivey Henry

Gilda A. Morelli

Edward Z. Tronick

Older Hadza Men and Women as Helpers: Residence Data

214

(23)

Nick Blurton Jones

Kristen Hawkes

James F. O'Connell

Juvenile Responses to Household Ecology Among the Yora of Peruvian Amazonia

237

(25)

Lawrence S. Sugiyama

Richard Chacon

The Growth and Kinship Resources of Ju/'hoansi Children

262

(27)

Patricia Draper

Nancy Howell

IV SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL, COGNITIVE, AND MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

Introduction

285

(4)

Michael E. Lamb

Mother-Infant Interactions among the !Xun: Analysis of Gymnastic and Breastfeeding Behaviors

289

(20)

Akira Takada

Weanling Emotional Patterns among the Bofi Foragers of Central Africa: The Role of Maternal Availability and Sensitivity

309

(13)

Hillary N. Fouts

Michael E. Lamb

Vulnerable Lives: The Experience of Death and Loss among the Aka and Ngandu Adolescents of the Central African Republic

322

(21)

Bonnie L. Hewlett

Play among Baka Children in Cameroon

343

(22)

Nobutaka Kamei

V CULTURE CHANGE AND FUTURE RESEARCH

Introduction

363

(2)

Barry S. Hewlett

Infant Care among the Sedentarized Baka Hunter-Gatherers in Southeastern Cameroon

365

(20)

Ayako Hirasawa

Deforesting among Andamanese Children: Political Economy and History of Schooling

385

(22)

Vishvajit Pandya

Reflections on Hunter-Gatherer Childhoods

407

(10)

Michael E. Lamb

Barry S. Hewlett

References

417

(42)

Index

459

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