The Hvac/R Professional's Field Guide to Universal R-410a Safety & Training: Delta-T Solutions

by Tomczyk, John; Nott, Joe; Shaw, Dick

• ISBN13: 9781930044128
• ISBN10: 1930044127
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Spiral Bound
• Copyright: 2002-05-01
• Publisher: Esco Institute

Table of Contents

R-410A and the R-22 Phase-Out
Background	1	(1)
HCFC Phase-out Schedule	2	(2)
Regulation and Change	4	(1)
The Future	5	(1)
Safety and R-410A	5	(2)
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Systems Fundamentals
Objectives	7	(1)
Vapor Compression Refrigeration System	7	(1)
Condensing Pressure	7	(2)
Evaporating Pressure	9	(1)
Refrigerant States and Conditions	9	(1)
Saturation	9	(1)
Vapor Pressure	10	(1)
Superheat	10	(2)
Subcooling	12	(1)
Basic Refrigeration System Components
Compressor	12	(2)
Compression Ratios	14	(1)
R-410A Considerations	14	(1)
Discharge Line	15	(1)
Condenser	15	(2)
R-410A Considerations	17	(1)
Receiver	17	(1)
Filter/Driers	18	(1)
R-410A Considerations	18	(1)
Liquid Line	19	(1)
R-410A Considerations	19	(1)
Metering Device	19	(1)
R-410A Considerations	20	(1)
Evaporator	20	(1)
R-410A Considerations	20	(1)
Suction Line	20	(2)
R-410A Considerations	22	(1)
Refrigerant Chemistry and Applications
Objectives	23	(1)
CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs	23	(2)
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)	24	(1)
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)	25	(1)
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)	25	(1)
Blends	25	(1)
Blend Fractionation	26	(1)
Blend Temperature Glide	26	(1)
Superheat & Subcooling Calculation Methods for Near-Azeotropic Blends	27	(1)
Subcooling & Superheat with Temperature Glide	28	(1)
Evaporator Superheat Calculation	29	(1)
Condenser Subcooling Calculations	29	(2)
Blend Lubricants	31	(1)
HCFC-22 Replacement Candidates	31	(5)
R-410A	31	(1)
Typical Operating Pressures	32	(1)
Temperature Glide and Fractionation	32	(1)
Pressure/Temperature Chart	33	(1)
R-407C	34	(1)
Temperature Glide and Fractionation	34	(2)
Basic Service Tools	36	(2)
Gauge Manifold	36	(1)
R-410A Considerations	36	(1)
Micron Gauge	36	(1)
Vacuum Pumps	36	(1)
R-410A Considerations	37	(1)
Leak Detectors	37	(1)
R-410A Considerations	37	(1)
Refrigerant Recovery Systems	38	(2)
Passive Recovery (System-Dependent)	38	(1)
Active Recovery (Self-Contained)	39	(1)
R-410A Considerations	39	(1)
Refrigerant Charging	40	(1)
Undercharge	40	(1)
Overcharge	40	(1)
R-410A System Charging	41	(4)
Charging for Proper Subcooling R-410A	42	(2)
Charging for Proper Superheat R-410A	44	(1)
Precautions	44	(1)
R-407C System Charging	45	(1)
R-407C Refrigerant Leaks & Leak Detectors	45	(2)
Refrigeration Oils and Their Applications
Objectives	47	(1)
Oil Groups	48	(1)
Synthetic Oils	48	(1)
Alkylbenzene	48	(1)
Glycols	49	(1)
Esters	49	(1)
Waste Oils	49	(1)
Lubricants for HFC R-410A, R-407C, & R-134a	50	(1)
Advantages of POE lubricants over mineral oils	50	(1)
Special Concerns with Polyolester (POE) Lubricants	51	(2)
Safety
Objectives	53	(1)
Personal Safety Protection	53	(1)
Electrical Safety	54	(2)
Safe Refrigerant Handling	56	(1)
Storage Cylinders	56	(1)
Shipping	57	(1)
ASHRAE Standard 34	58	(1)
Equipment Room/Job Site Safety	58	(1)
Monitors	59	(1)
Alarms	59	(1)
Ventilation	59	(1)
Purge Venting	59	(1)
Breathing Apparatus	59	(1)
Safety Overview	59	(1)
R-410a Considerations	60	(1)
Material Safety Data Sheet	61	(1)
MSDS Overview	61	(1)
Toxicity	61	(1)
Flammability	61	(1)
Combustibility	61	(1)
Ingestion	61	(1)
Skin or Eye Contact	61	(1)
Inhalation	62	(1)
Refrigerant Decomposition	62	(1)
Environmental Considerations	62	(1)
R-410A Material Safety Data Sheet (Honeywell)	63	(8)
R-407C Material Safety Data Sheet (Honeywell)	71	(9)
Appendix I	80	(1)
History of Refrigeration	81	(4)
Appendix II
Glossary	85