Hydraulics of Groundwater

by Bear, Jacob

• ISBN13: 9780486453552
• ISBN10: 0486453553
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-01-15
• Publisher: Dover Publications

Summary

This text presents the laws and equations that govern the flow and storage of groundwater in aquifers. It provides groundwater hydrologists, as well as engineers and planners who deal with the development and management of groundwater resources, with all the necessary tools to forecast the behavior of a regional aquifer system.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xi
Introduction	p. 1
Role of Groundwater in Water Resource Systems and Their Management	p. 2
Management of Groundwater Resources	p. 10
Scope and Organization of Book	p. 13
Groundwater and Aquifers	p. 19
Definitions	p. 19
Moisture Distribution in a Vertical Profile	p. 22
Classification of Aquifers	p. 24
Hydraulic Approach to Flow in Aquifers	p. 26
Continuum Approach to Flow Through Porous Media	p. 28
Inhomogeneity and Anisotropy	p. 31
Groundwater Balance	p. 34
Groundwater Flow and Leakage	p. 35
Natural Replenishment from Precipitation	p. 37
Return Flow from Irrigation and Sewage	p. 41
Artificial Recharge	p. 42
River-Aquifer Interrelationships	p. 51
Springs	p. 53
Evapotranspiration	p. 57
Pumpage and Drainage	p. 58
Change in Storage	p. 59
Regional Groundwater Balance	p. 59
Groundwater Motion	p. 60
Darcy's Law	p. 60
Hydraulic Conductivity	p. 66
Aquifer Transmissivity	p. 69
Flow in Anisotropic Aquifers	p. 71
Dupuit Assumptions for a Phreatic Aquifer	p. 74
Mathematical Statement of the Groundwater Forecasting Problem	p. 83
Aquifer Storativity	p. 84
Basic Continuity Equation	p. 89
Initial and Boundary Conditions	p. 94
Fundamental Equations for Flow in Aquifers	p. 103
Complete Mathematical Statement of a Groundwater Flow Problem	p. 116
Methods for Solving Groundwater Flow Problems	p. 124
Superposition	p. 152
Hydrologic Maps and Flow Nets	p. 160
Relationships between Flows in Isotropic and Anisotropic Aquifers	p. 169
Analytical Solutions of One-Dimensional Steady Flows in Aquifers	p. 176
Land Subsidence	p. 184
Flow in the Unsaturated Zone	p. 190
Capillary Pressure and Retention Curves	p. 191
The Motion Equation	p. 206
Relative Permeability	p. 209
The Continuity Equations	p. 213
Mathematical Statement of Unsaturated Flow	p. 218
Methods of Solution	p. 221
Groundwater Quality Problem (Hydrodynamic Dispersion)	p. 225
Dispersion Phenomena	p. 227
Occurrence of Dispersion Phenomena	p. 231
Coefficients of Dispersion	p. 231
The Equation of Hydrodynamic Dispersion	p. 239
Initial and Boundary Conditions	p. 248
Mathematical Statement of a Groundwater Pollution Problem	p. 250
Aquifer Dispersion Equation and Parameters	p. 252
Methods of Solution	p. 259
Some Simple Analytic Solutions	p. 263
Movement of Water Bodies Injected into Aquifers	p. 276
Hydraulics of Pumping and Recharging Wells	p. 300
Introduction	p. 301
Steady Flow to a Well in a Confined Aquifer	p. 304
Steady Flow to a Well in a Phreatic Aquifer	p. 308
Steady Flow to a Well in a Leaky Confined Aquifer	p. 312
Unsteady Flow to a Well in a Confined Aquifer	p. 318
Unsteady Flow to a Well in a Phreatic Aquifer	p. 331
Unsteady Flow to a Well in a Leaky Confined Aquifer	p. 339
Partially Penetrating Wells	p. 344
Multiple Well Systems	p. 350
Wells Near Boundaries Treated by the Method of Images	p. 357
Recharging and Pumping Wells in Uniform Flow	p. 367
Well Losses and Specific Well Discharge	p. 374
Hydraulics of Recharging Wells	p. 377
Fresh Water-Salt Water Interface in Coastal Aquifers	p. 379
Occurrence	p. 379
Exact Mathematical Statement of the Problem	p. 381
The Ghyben-Herzberg Approximation	p. 384
Continuity Equation Based on the Dupuit Assumption	p. 386
Stationary Interface	p. 393
Approximate Solutions for a Moving Interface	p. 406
Upconing Below a Well Pumping Above an Interface	p. 414
Transition Zone	p. 433
Modeling of Aquifer Systems	p. 436
The Need for Aquifer Models	p. 437
Model Calibration	p. 439
Classification of Aquifer Models	p. 440
Single Cell Models	p. 442
Multiple Cell Models	p. 447
Two Examples of Water Quality Models	p. 455
Identification of Aquifer Parameters	p. 463
Statement of the Inverse Problem	p. 463
Pumping Tests	p. 465
Inverse Methods for Determining Regional Aquifer Parameters	p. 482
Use of Linear Programming in Aquifer Management	p. 491
Brief Review of Linear Programming	p. 492
Application of Linear Programming to Aquifer Management	p. 495
Examples	p. 501
Derivation of the Basic Transport Equation by Averaging	p. 513
Averaging Along the Vertical	p. 521
Problems (selected chapters)	p. 523
Bibliography	p. 541
Author Index	p. 557
Subject Index	p. 563
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