Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow : An Introduction: Basic Principles, Sediment Motion, Hydraulic Modelling, Design of Hydraulic Structures

by Chanson

• ISBN13: 9780340740675
• ISBN10: 0340740671
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-07-01
• Publisher: BUTTERWORTH HEINEMANN

Summary

'The Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow' is a major new textbook for senior undergraduate and postgraduate students. Dr Chanson introduces the basic principles of open channel flow and then develops the key topics of sediment transport, hydraulic modelling and the design of hydraulic structures. This innovative textbook contains numerous examples, including practical applications, and is fully illustrated with both colour and black and white photographs. Exercises are spread throughout and the book concludes with major assignments which combine the knowledge gained from the book. A supporting website hosts further exercises together with the shareware software Hydroculv. COMPREHENSIVE coverage of the basic principles of key application areas of the hydraulics of open channel flow * NUMEROUS exercises and examples aid understanding * ADDITIONAL support available on the Web * IDEAL for use by students and lecturers in civil and environmental engineering * READER is taken step-by-step from the basic principles to the more advanced design calculations

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Acknowledgements	xiii
About the author	xv
Glossary	xvi
List of symbols	xxxvi
Part 1 Basic Principles of Open Channel Flows	1	(146)
Introduction	3	(6)
Presentation	3	(1)
Fluid properties	3	(1)
Static fluids	4	(2)
Open channel flow	6	(2)
Exercises	8	(1)
Fundamental equations	9	(12)
Introduction	9	(1)
The fundamental equations	9	(11)
Exercises	20	(1)
Applications of the Bernoulli equation to open channel flows	21	(31)
Introduction	21	(1)
Application of the Bernoulli equation-specific energy	21	(18)
Froude number	39	(7)
Properties of common open-channel shapes	46	(2)
Exercises	48	(4)
Applications of the momentum principle: hydraulic jump, surge and flow resistance in open channels	52	(46)
Momentum principle and application	52	(4)
Hydraulic jump	56	(11)
Surges and bores	67	(5)
Flow resistance in open channels	72	(13)
Flow resistance calculations in engineering practice	85	(6)
Exercises	91	(7)
Uniform flows and gradually varied flows	98	(49)
Uniform flows	98	(7)
Non-uniform flows	105	(8)
Exercises	113	(3)
Revision exercises	116	(8)
Revision exercise No. 1	116	(1)
Revision exercise No. 2	117	(1)
Revision exercise No. 3	118	(1)
Revision exercise No. 4	119	(1)
Revision exercise No. 5	120	(1)
Revision exercise No. 6	121	(1)
Revision exercise No. 7	122	(2)
Appendices to Part 1	124	(23)
Constants and fluid properties	124	(4)
Unit conversions	128	(3)
Mathematics	131	(12)
Alternate depths in open channel flow	143	(4)
Part 2 Introduction to Sediment Transport in Open Channels	147	(108)
Introduction to sediment transport in open channels	149	(8)
Introduction	149	(1)
Significance of sediment transport	149	(6)
Terminology	155	(1)
Structure of this section	156	(1)
Exercises	156	(1)
Sediment transport and sediment properties	157	(18)
Basic concepts	157	(4)
Physical properties of sediments	161	(4)
Particle fall velocity	165	(6)
Angle of repose	171	(1)
Laboratory measurements	172	(1)
Exercises	173	(2)
Inception of sediment motion, occurrence of bed-load motion	175	(15)
Introduction	175	(1)
Hydraulics of alluvial streams	175	(6)
Threshold of sediment bed motion	181	(7)
Exercises	188	(2)
Inception of suspended load motion	190	(5)
Presentation	190	(1)
Initiation of suspension and critical bed shear stress	190	(2)
Onset of hyperconcentrated flow	192	(2)
Exercises	194	(1)
Sediment transport mechanisms 1. Bed-load transport	195	(15)
Introduction	195	(1)
Empirical correlations of bed-load transport rate	195	(4)
Bed-load calculations	199	(3)
Applications	202	(7)
Exercises	209	(1)
Sediment transport mechanisms 2. Suspended load transport	210	(15)
Introduction	210	(2)
Advective diffusion of sediment suspension	212	(4)
Suspended sediment transport rate	216	(5)
Hyperconcentrated suspension flows	221	(3)
Exercises	224	(1)
Sediment transport capacity and total sediment transport	225	(30)
Introduction	225	(1)
Total sediment transport rate (sediment transport capacity)	225	(4)
Erosion, accretion and sediment bed motion	229	(4)
Sediment transport in alluvial channels	233	(7)
Applications	240	(5)
Exercises	245	(1)
Revision exercises	246	(2)
Revision exercise No. 1	246	(1)
Revision exercise No. 2	246	(1)
Revision exercise No. 3	246	(1)
Revision exercise No. 4	247	(1)
Appendix to Part 2	248	(7)
Some examples of reservoir sedimentation	248	(7)
Part 3 Hydraulic Modelling	255	(54)
Summary of basic hydraulic principles	257	(4)
Introduction	257	(1)
Basic principles	257	(2)
Flow resistance	259	(2)
Physical modelling of hydraulics	261	(23)
Introduction	261	(1)
Basic principles	261	(3)
Dimensional analysis	264	(6)
Modelling fully-enclosed flows	270	(2)
Modelling free-surface flows	272	(5)
Design of physical models	277	(1)
Summary	278	(1)
Exercises	279	(5)
Numerical modelling: backwater computations	284	(25)
Introduction	284	(1)
Basic equations	284	(5)
Backwater calculations	289	(4)
Numerical integration	293	(3)
Discussion	296	(1)
Computer models	297	(1)
Exercises	297	(2)
Revision exercises	299	(2)
Revision exercise No. 1	299	(1)
Revision exercise No. 2	299	(2)
Appendices to Part 3	301	(8)
Physical modelling of movable boundary hydraulics	301	(4)
Extension of the backwater equation	305	(4)
Part 4 Design of Hydraulic Structures	309	(126)
Introduction to the design of hydraulic structures	311	(2)
Introduction	311	(1)
Structure of Part 4	311	(1)
Professional design approach	311	(2)
Design of weirs and spillways	313	(42)
Introduction	313	(6)
Crest design	319	(11)
Chute design	330	(3)
Stilling basins and energy dissipators	333	(8)
Design procedure	341	(8)
Exercises	349	(6)
Design of drop structures and stepped cascades	355	(10)
Introduction	355	(1)
Drop structures	355	(7)
Nappe flow on stepped cascades	362	(1)
Exercises	363	(2)
Culvert design	365	(70)
Introduction	365	(1)
Basic features of a culvert	365	(6)
Design of standard culverts	371	(12)
Design of Minimum Energy Loss culverts	383	(14)
Exercises	397	(5)
Revision exercises	402	(8)
Revision exercise No. 1	402	(1)
Revision exercise No. 2 (hydraulic design of a new Gold Creek dam spillway)	402	(4)
Revision exercise No. 3 (hydraulic design of the Nudgee Road bridge waterway)	406	(4)
Appendices to Part 4	410	(25)
Spillway chute flow calculations	410	(7)
Examples of Minimum Energy Loss weirs	417	(4)
Examples of Minimum Energy Loss culverts and waterways	421	(9)
Computer calculations of standard culvert hydraulics	430	(5)
Problems	435	(35)
P1. A study of the Marib dam and its sluice system (115 BC-575 AD)	437	(9)
P1.1 Introduction	437	(4)
P1.2 Hydraulics problem	441	(4)
P1.3 Hydrological study: flood attenuation of the Marib reservoir	445	(1)
P2. A study of the Moeris reservoir, the Ha-Uar dam and the canal connecting the Nile river and Lake Moeris around 2900 BC to 230 BC	446	(12)
P2.1 Introduction	446	(6)
P2.2 Hydraulics problem	452	(3)
P2.3 Hydrology of Egypt's Lake Moeris	455	(3)
P3. A study of the Moche River irrigation systems (Peru AD 200-AD 1532)	458	(12)
P3.1 Introduction	458	(6)
P3.2 Hydraulics problem	464	(3)
P3.3 Hydrology of western Peru	467	(3)
References	470	(11)
Additional bibliography	481	(2)
Suggestion/correction form	483	(2)
Author index	485	(3)
Subject index	488