Hydraulics and Pneumatics: A Technician's and Engineer's Guide

by Parr, Andrew

• ISBN13: 9780080966748
• ISBN10: 0080966748
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2011-03-11
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

Nearly all industrial processes require objects to be moved, manipulated or subjected to some sort of force. Such movements and manipulations are frequently accomplished by means of devices driven by liquids (hydraulics) or air (pneumatics), the subject of this book. Hydraulics and Pneumatics is written by a practicing process control engineer as a guide to the successful operation of hydraulic and pneumatic systems for all engineers and technicians working with them. Keeping mathematics and theory to a minimum, this practical guide is thorough but accessible to technicians without an advanced engineering background, and offers clear, complete coverage of the latest pumps, valves and other hydraulic and pneumatic equipment Designed to serve as an introduction to those who are training and a day-to-day reference for use on the job, the book also offers an essential section on industrial safety and compliance with regulation. Covers both hydraulic and pneumatic machinery, with a practical, practitioner-led approach that does not demand great theoretical and mathematical understanding. Thorough and updated coverage of safety standards, helping control engineers and shop floor managers to ensure their operations are in compliance with regulations. More abundant referencing, new and updated web-links, look-up tables and graphical keys offer even easier referencing while providing quick access to other related materials.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
Fundamental Principles	p. 1
Industrial Prime Movers	p. 1
A Brief System Comparison	p. 1
An electrical system	p. 2
A hydraulic system	p. 2
A pneumatic system	p. 5
A comparison	p. 6
Definition of Terms	p. 6
Mass and force	p. 9
Pressure	p. 10
Work, energy and power	p. 12
Torque	p. 15
Pascal's Law	p. 15
Pressure Measurement	p. 19
Fluid Flow	p. 21
Temperature	p. 25
Temperature scales	p. 25
Temperature measurement	p. 26
Gas Laws	p. 27
Hydraulic Pumps and Pressure Regulation	p. 31
Pressure Regulation	p. 35
Pump Types	p. 37
Gear pumps	p. 37
Vane pumps	p. 40
Piston pumps	p. 42
Combination pumps	p. 45
Loading Valves	p. 46
Pump Problems	p. 46
Filters	p. 47
Air Compressors, Air Treatment and Pressure Regulation	p. 51
Compressor Types	p. 53
Piston compressors	p. 54
Screw compressors	p. 57
Rotary compressors	p. 57
Dynamic compressors	p. 58
Air Receivers and Compressor Control	p. 60
Air Treatment	p. 62
Stages of air treatment	p. 64
Filters	p. 64
Air dryers	p. 65
Lubricators	p. 67
Air classification	p. 68
Pressure Regulation	p. 69
Relief valves	p. 70
Non-relieving pressure regulators	p. 70
Relieving pressure regulators	p. 71
Service Units	p. 72
Control Valves	p. 75
Graphic Symbols	p. 76
Types of Control Valve	p. 79
Poppet valves	p. 79
Spool valves	p. 81
Rotary valves	p. 85
Pilot-Operated Valves	p. 85
Check Valves	p. 87
Pilot-operated check valves	p. 89
Restriction check valves	p. 92
Shuttle and Fast Exhaust Valves	p. 92
Sequence Valves	p. 95
Time-Delay Valves	p. 96
Proportional Valves	p. 97
Servo Valves	p. 107
Modular Valves and Manifolds	p. 110
Cartridge Logic Valves	p. 114
Actuators	p. 117
Linear Actuators	p. 117
Construction	p. 120
Mounting arrangements	p. 125
Cylinder dynamics	p. 125
Seals	p. 128
Rotary Actuators	p. 130
Constructional details	p. 132
Application Notes	p. 135
Speed control	p. 135
Actuator synchronization	p. 139
Regeneration	p. 141
Counterbalance and dynamic braking	p. 142
Pilot-operated check valves	p. 143
Pre-fill and compression relief	p. 144
Bellows Actuator	p. 146
Hydraulic and Pneumatic Accessories	p. 149
Hydraulic Reservoirs	p. 149
Hydraulic Accumulators	p. 151
Hydraulic Coolers and Heat Exchangers	p. 154
Hydraulic Fluids	p. 156
Viscosity	p. 159
Pour point	p. 160
Environmental fluids	p. 160
Pneumatic Piping, Hoses and Connections	p. 161
Cost of Air Leaks	p. 164
Silencers	p. 164
Hydraulic Piping, Hosing and Connections	p. 165
Hydraulic and Pneumatic Fuses	p. 166
Process Control Pneumatics	p. 169
Signals and Standards	p. 170
The Flapper-Nozzle	p. 171
Volume Boosters	p. 173
The Air Relay and the Force Balance Principle	p. 174
Pneumatic Controllers	p. 175
Process Control Valves and Actuators	p. 179
Flow control valves	p. 179
Actuators	p. 182
Valve positioners	p. 184
Converters	p. 187
I-P converters	p. 187
P-I converters	p. 187
Sequencing Applications	p. 189
Pneumatic Limit Switches	p. 189
Logic Elements	p. 193
Timers	p. 194
More Complex Sequences	p. 196
Pressure-Controlled Sequences	p. 198
Modular Sequence Valves	p. 199
Programmable Controllers	p. 200
Distributed Systems	p. 203
Safety, Fault-Finding and Maintenance	p. 205
Safety	p. 205
Cleanliness	p. 211
Fault-Finding Instruments	p. 212
Fault-Finding	p. 214
Preventive Maintenance	p. 224
Computer Simulation	p. 226
Appendix: Hydraulic and Pneumatic Symbols	p. 229
Index	p. 233
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