Hydrology and Floodplain Analysis

by Bedient, Philip B.; Huber, Wayne C.; Vieux, Baxter E.

• ISBN13: 9780130322227
• ISBN10: 0130322229
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

For undergraduate and graduate courses in Hydrology. This text offers a clear and up-to-date presentation of fundamental concepts and design methods required to understand hydrology and floodplain analysis. It addresses the computational emphasis of modern hydrology and provides a balanced approach to important applications in watershed analysis, floodplain computation, flood control, urban hydrology, stormwater design, and computer modeling. Includes HEC-HMS, HEC-RAS, and SWMM models plus GIS and radar rainfall.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Hydrologic Principles	1	(78)
Introduction to Hydrology	1	(6)
Hydrologic Cycle	7	(6)
Weather Systems	13	(11)
Precipitation	24	(14)
Evaporation and Et	38	(9)
Infiltration Loss	47	(6)
Streamflow and the Hydrograph	53	(2)
Hydrologic Measurement	55	(24)
Summary	64	(2)
Problems	66	(9)
References	75	(4)
Hydrologic Analysis	79	(89)
Watershed Concepts	79	(4)
Rainfall-Runoff	83	(2)
Hydrograph Analysis	85	(12)
Unit Hydrograph Theory	97	(16)
Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Development	113	(17)
Applications of Unit Hydrographs	130	(4)
Conceptual Models	134	(5)
Snowfall and Snowmelt	139	(8)
Green and Ampt Infiltration Method	147	(21)
Summary	155	(1)
Problems	156	(8)
References	164	(4)
Frequency Analysis	168	(71)
Introduction	168	(7)
Probability Concepts	175	(1)
Random Variables and Probability Distributions	176	(11)
Return Period or Recurrence Interval	187	(3)
Common Probabilistic Models	190	(18)
Graphical Presentation of Data	208	(14)
Related Topics	222	(17)
Summary	224	(1)
Problems	224	(11)
References	235	(4)
Flood Routing	239	(74)
Hydrologic and Hydraulic Routing	239	(7)
Hydrologic River Routing	246	(9)
Hydrologic Reservoir Routing	255	(12)
Governing Equations for Hydraulic River Routing	267	(3)
Movement of a Flood Wave	270	(4)
Kinematic Wave Routing	274	(16)
Hydraulic River Routing	290	(23)
Summary	302	(1)
Problems	302	(8)
References	310	(3)
Hydrologic Simulation Models	313	(56)
Introduction to Hydrologic Models	313	(3)
Steps in Watershed Modeling	316	(2)
Description of Major Hydrologic Models	318	(2)
HEC-1 Flood Hydrograph Package	320	(10)
Input and Output Data for HEC-1	330	(9)
Introduction to HEC-HMS	339	(10)
HEC-HMS Watershed Analysis: Case Study	349	(20)
Summary	363	(1)
Problems	364	(3)
References	367	(2)
Urban Hydrology	369	(88)
Characteristics of Urban Hydrology	369	(6)
Review of Physical Processes	375	(8)
Rainfall Analysis	383	(11)
Methods for Quantity Analysis	394	(15)
Sewer System Hydraulics	409	(4)
Control Options	413	(6)
Operational Computer Models	419	(4)
Case Study	423	(34)
Summary	434	(1)
Problems	434	(14)
References	448	(9)
Floodplain Hydraulics	457	(63)
Uniform Flow	457	(2)
Iniform Flow Computations	459	(7)
Specific Energy and Critical Flow	466	(3)
Occurrence of Critical Depth	469	(1)
Nonuniform Flow or Gradually Varied Flow	470	(1)
Gradually Varied Flow Equations	471	(6)
Classification of Water Surface Profiles	477	(4)
Hydraulic Jump	481	(2)
Introduction to the HEC-2 Model	483	(1)
Theoretical Basis for HEC-2	484	(2)
Basic Data Requirements	486	(3)
Optional HEC-2 Capabilities	489	(1)
Input and Output Features	490	(8)
Example of HEC-2 Input	498	(4)
Introduction to HEC-RAS	502	(18)
Summary	514	(1)
Problems	514	(5)
References	519	(1)
Ground Water Hydrology	520	(65)
Introduction	520	(3)
Properties of Ground Water	523	(6)
Ground Water Movement	529	(5)
Flow Nets	534	(2)
General Flow Equations	536	(4)
Dupuit Equation	540	(4)
Streamlines and Equipotential Lines	544	(1)
Unsaturated Flow	545	(1)
Steady-State Well Hydraulics	546	(6)
Unsteady Well Hydraulics	552	(14)
Water Wells	566	(3)
Ground Water Modeling Techniques	569	(16)
Summary	579	(1)
Problems	580	(4)
References	584	(1)
Design Issues in Hydrology	585	(42)
Introduction	587	(1)
Design Rainfalls	588	(4)
Small Watershed Design	592	(8)
Design Hydrographs for Pipes, Overland Flows, and Channels	600	(7)
Detention Pond Design for Flood Control	607	(5)
Floodplain Analysis and Design at the Woodlands---Case Study	612	(15)
Summary	622	(1)
Problems	622	(3)
References	625	(2)
GIS Applications in Hydrology	627	(21)
Introduction to GIS	627	(2)
General GIS Concepts	629	(5)
Digital Representation Hydrologic Parameters	634	(2)
Digital Representation of Topography	636	(3)
GIS-Based Hydrology and Hydraulics	639	(5)
Common GIS Software Programs	644	(4)
Summary	646	(1)
References	646	(2)
Radar Rainfall Applications in Hydrology	648	(34)
Introduction	648	(5)
Radar Estimation of Rainfall	653	(7)
WSR-88D Radar System	660	(5)
Real-Time WSR-88D Precipitation Products	665	(5)
Radar to Gage Calibration	670	(3)
Linkages with Hydrologic Modeling	673	(9)
HEC-HMS	673	(6)
Summary	679	(1)
References	680	(2)
Floodplain Management Issues in Hydrology	682	(32)
Introduction	682	(4)
The Era of Federal Structural Flood Control Measures	686	(3)
The Federal Emergency Management Agency	689	(1)
Floodplain Management Issues	690	(1)
Structural Methods of Flood Control	691	(4)
The Flood Control Paradox	695	(2)
Nonstructural Methods of Flood Control	697	(4)
Clear Creek Case Study: A GIS-Based Approach	701	(13)
Summary	710	(1)
References	711	(3)
Appendix A Symbols and Notation	714	(4)
Appendix B Metric Conversion Factors (SI Units to U.S. Customary)	718	(2)
Appendix C Properties of Water	720	(3)
Appendix D Normal Distribution Tables	723	(3)
Appendix E Useful Hydrology-Related Internet Links	726	(9)
Glossary	735	(18)
Index	753

Excerpts

The field of hydrology is of fundamental importance to civil and environmental engineers, hydrogeologists, and other earth scientists because of the environmental significance of water supply, major floods and droughts and their management, drainage and urban stormwater issues, flooplain management, and water quality impacts. This text was written to address the computational emphasis of modern hydrology at an undergraduate or graduate level and to provide a balanced approach to important applications in hydrologic engineering and science. THE EVOLUTION OF HYDROLOGY In the 1970s, a large number of sophisticated computer models were created by government agencies and university groups to address hydrologic prediction, flood control, hydraulic design, water resources engineering, contaminant transport, water quality management, and water supply. During the 1980s, several of the most comprehensive and best-documented computer programs became routine operating procedures for the detailed hydrologic analysis of watersheds. Many state and federal water programs rely heavily on the application of hydrologic models for planning and decision-making. Increasing use and sophistication of personal computers in the 1990s further revolutionized the daily practice of hydrology. Hundreds of small programs have been written to ease the computational burden on the hydrologist or engineer, and many of the earlier hydrologic models have newer versions designed to run on new and powerful personal computers. The availability of Internet access worldwide (since approximately 1994) has revolutionized the usefulness and accessibility of hydrologic data and models. The impact of transferring online data from governmental and scientific sources to the practicing hydrologist or student has been amazing. The evolving interactions of hydrologic data, digital terrain models, and mapping software with hydrologic modeling have been phenomenal. A list of important web sites and links currently used routinely in hydrology is contained in Appendix E. ORGANIZATION OF THE TEXT The text is divided into three main sections. The first section, consisting of the first four chapters, covers traditional topics in hydrology such as: (1) weather, precipitation, evaporation, infiltration, hydrologic measurement, (2) rainfall-runoff analysis, (3) frequency analysis, and (4) flood routing methods. These topics provide the student with a comprehensive view of the overall hydrologic cycle in nature as well as the problem of engineering design within certain flood limits. Numerous worked examples are used to highlight theory, problem definition, solution methods, and computational approaches. Spreadsheets are used throughout. The third edition of the text includes expanded coverage and new examples in Chapters 1 through 4. The second section, Chapters 5 through 9, is designed to apply hydrologic theory and available hydrologic modeling techniques to several areas of engineering hydrology and design--watershed analysis, floodplain delineation, and urban stormwater. The latest methods and computer models are emphasized in enough detail for practical use, and detailed examples and case studies are provided. The third edition of the text updates earlier hydrologic models with new versions as of 2001, such as HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS from the U.S. Army Hydrologic Engineering Center, and the latest improvements to the EPA model SWMM. Chapter 5, Hydrologic Simulation Models, presents modern methods for simulating rainfall and runoff, flood hydrograph prediction, and flood control options in a watershed. The HEC-1 and HEC-HMS models are highlighted with detailed examples. Chapter 6, Urban Hydrology, presents standard methods and reviews available computer models for pipe and open channel storm drainage systems. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is highlighted as the most comprehensive urban runoff model available today. Chapter