Hypertension Primer: The Essentials of High Blood Pressure, Basic Science, Population Science, And Clinical Management

by Izzo, Joseph L.

• ISBN13: 9780781782050
• ISBN10: 0781782058
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-11-01
• Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Summary

Now in its thoroughly updated Fourth Edition, the Hypertension Primer is a comprehensive, readable source of state-of-the-art scientific and clinical information on hypertension. The book contains 171 short chapters by distinguished experts that cover every aspect of hypertension and its pathogenesis, epidemiology, impact, and management. Highlights of this edition include updated JNC 7 findings regarding special population therapy and clinical management. Chapters are grouped into three well-organized sections--basic science, population science, and clinical management--and each chapter is cross-referenced to other relevant chapters. Each chapter is easily digestible and begins with a bulleted list of key points.

Table of Contents

Ion Transport and Signal Transduction
Signal Transduction: Receptors	p. 1
Guanine Nucleotide Binding Proteins	p. 4
Cyclic Nucleotides and Their Regulation	p. 8
Signal Transduction: Inositol Phospholipids and Inositol Phosphates	p. 12
Protein Phosphorylation	p. 16
Intracellular pH and Cell Volume	p. 21
Cellular Potassium Transport	p. 24
Calcium Transport and Calmodulin	p. 27
Reactive Oxygen Species and Mediators of Oxidative Stress	p. 30
Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction and Relaxation	p. 34
Vasoactive Substances
Catecholamine Synthesis, Release, Reuptake, and Metabolism	p. 37
Adrenergic and Dopaminergic Receptors and Actions	p. 39
Prorenin and Renin	p. 44
Angiotensinogen	p. 47
Angiotensin I - Converting Enzyme and Neprilysin (Neutral Endopeptidase)	p. 49
Angiotensin Formation and Degradation	p. 52
Angiotensins: Actions and Receptors	p. 54
Tissue Renin-Angiotensin Systems	p. 59
Adrenal Steroid Synthesis and Regulation	p. 61
Mineralocorticoid Receptors	p. 64
Endothelin	p. 66
Vasopressin and Neuropeptide Y	p. 70
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptides and Adrenomedullin-Derived Peptides	p. 73
Acetylcholine, [gamma]-Aminobutyric Acid, Serotonin, Adenosine, and Endogenous Ouabain	p. 75
Vascular and Renal Nitric Oxide	p. 78
Kinins	p. 82
Endogenous Natriuretic Peptides	p. 85
Vasoactive Growth Factors	p. 88
Plasminogen Activation and the Renin-Angiotensin System	p. 91
Prostaglandins and P450 Metabolites	p. 94
Lipoxygenase Products	p. 97
Peroxisome Proliferator - Activated Receptors	p. 100
Endocannabinoids	p. 103
Active Products of Adipocytes	p. 107
Leptin	p. 110
Adiponectin	p. 113
Vasoregulatory Systems
Central Nervous System in Arterial Pressure Regulation	p. 116
Arterial Baroreflexes	p. 120
Cardiopulmonary Baroreflexes	p. 123
Renal Sympathetic Nerves and Extracellular Fluid Volume Regulation	p. 126
Systemic Hemodynamics and Regional Blood Flow Regulation	p. 129
Local Autoregulation of Tissue Blood Flow	p. 132
Respiration and Blood Pressure	p. 136
Pulsatile Blood Flow and Shear Stress	p. 139
Pathophysiology of Primary and Secondary Hypertension
Aging, Arterial Function, and Systolic Hypertension	p. 144
Obesity-Related Hypertension	p. 149
Insulin Actions and Insulin Resistance	p. 151
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome	p. 154
Salt Sensitivity	p. 156
Pathophysiology of Renal Parenchymal Hypertension	p. 159
Pathophysiology of Renovascular Hypertension	p. 162
Coarctation of the Aorta	p. 166
Hypertension Caused by Thyroid and Parathyroid Abnormalities, Acromegaly, and Androgens	p. 168
Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia	p. 171
Pathophysiology of Sleep Apnea	p. 174
Blood Pressure Variability and Reactivity	p. 177
Experimental Models of Hypertension	p. 181
Mechanisms of Target Organ Damage
Aging, Hypertension, and the Heart	p. 184
Pathogenesis of Hypertensive Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Diastolic Dysfunction	p. 188
Pathogenesis of Chronic Heart Failure	p. 191
Mechanisms of Vascular Remodeling	p. 195
Microvascular Regulation and Dysregulation	p. 198
Oxidative Stress and Hypertension	p. 201
Endothelial Function and Cardiovascular Disease	p. 204
Atherogenesis and Coronary Artery Disease	p. 209
Pathogenesis of Stroke	p. 214
Pathogenesis of Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy	p. 217
Pathogenesis of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia	p. 219
Pathogenesis of Nephrosclerosis and Chronic Kidney Disease	p. 222
The Eye in Hypertension	p. 226
Basic Genetics
Genetics of Hypertension	p. 229
Monogenic Determinants of Blood Pressure	p. 232
Heritability of Hypertension and Target Organ Damage	p. 236
Cardiovascular Risk in Populations and Individuals
Geographic Patterns of Hypertension: A Global Perspective	p. 239
Geographic Patterns of Hypertension in the United States	p. 241
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Hypertension	p. 244
Ischemic Heart Disease Risk	p. 249
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Cardiovascular Disease Risk	p. 254
Cerebrovascular Risk	p. 257
Renal Risk	p. 261
Peripheral Arterial Disease and Hypertension	p. 265
Hypertension in Special Populations
Gender and Blood Pressure	p. 269
Blood Pressure in Children	p. 273
Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status in Hypertension	p. 276
Hypertension in Blacks	p. 279
Hypertension Among Hispanics in the United States	p. 281
Hypertension in South Asians	p. 284
Hypertension in East Asians and Native Hawaiians	p. 287
Lifestyle Factors and Blood Pressure
Stress, White Coat Hypertension, and Masked Hypertension	p. 289
Obesity, Body Fat Distribution, and Insulin Resistance: Clinical Relevance	p. 292
Physical Activity and Blood Pressure	p. 295
Dietary Patterns and Blood Pressure	p. 297
Salt and Blood Pressure	p. 301
Potassium and Blood Pressure	p. 304
Blood Pressure Effects of Dietary Calcium Magnesium Intake and Heavy Metal Exposure	p. 307
Alcohol Use and Blood Pressure	p. 310
Prevention and Control
Trends in Blood Pressure Control and Mortality	p. 314
Prevention of Hypertension	p. 318
Community-Based Management Programs	p. 322
Antihypertensive Treatment Trials: Outcomes	p. 325
Antihypertensive Treatment Trials: Quality of Life	p. 329
Economic Considerations in Hypertension Management	p. 331
General Diagnostic Aspects
Blood Pressure Measurement	p. 335
Ambulatory and Home Blood Pressure Monitoring	p. 339
Initial Workup of Adults with Hypertension	p. 343
Resistant Hypertension	p. 348
Defining the Syndrome of Hypertension	p. 351
Evaluation of Target Organs
Evaluation of Electrolyte Abnormalites in Hypertension	p. 356
Basic Cardiac Evaluation: Physical Examination, Electrocardiogram, Chest Radiograph, and Stress Testing	p. 359
Cardiac Imaging	p. 363
Evaluation of Heart Failure	p. 367
Evaluation of Arterial Stiffness and Central Systolic Pressure	p. 370
Evaluation of the Peripheral Circulation	p. 374
Neurologic Evaluation in Hypertension	p. 379
Evaluation of Chronic Kidney Disease	p. 382
Evaluation of Renovascular Disease	p. 387
Evaluation of Aortocarotid Baroreflexes	p. 391
Principles of Management
Evolution of American, European, and British Hypertension Guidelines	p. 395
Office Management of Hypertension	p. 401
Lifestyle Modifications	p. 406
Exercise Therapy	p. 410
Patient Education	p. 412
Adherence to Antihypertensive Therapy	p. 413
Barriers to Blood Pressure Control	p. 418
Hypertension Consultations	p. 421
Nonphysician Providers and the Management of Hypertension	p. 424
Hypertension Recordkeeping and Electronic Management Systems	p. 428
Antihypertensive Drugs
Antihypertensive Drugs: Pharmacologic Principles and Dosing Effects	p. 432
Drug Combinations	p. 435
Thiazide and Loop Diuretics	p. 439
Aldosterone Blockers and Potassium-Sparing Diuretics	p. 443
[beta]-Adrenergic Blockers	p. 446
[alpha]-Adrenoceptor Antagonists	p. 450
Central and Peripheral Sympatholytics	p. 453
Renin Inhibitors	p. 455
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors	p. 457
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers	p. 461
Calcium Antagonists	p. 465
Direct Arterial Dilators	p. 469
Nitrates, Dopamine Agonists, Potassium Channel Openers, and Serotonin-Related Agents	p. 472
Vasopressin Inhibitors	p. 474
Endothelin Antagonists	p. 476
Antihypertensive Effects of Nonantihypertensive Drugs	p. 478
Blood Pressure-Raising Effects of Anti-inflammatory Drugs, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, and Cholesterol-Ester-Transfer Protein Inhibitors	p. 480
Managing Hypertension in Special Populations
Treatment of Prehypertension	p. 483
Treatment of the Elderly Hypertensive: Systolic Hypertension	p. 485
Treatment of Hypertensive Urgencies and Emergencies	p. 489
Treatment of Hypertension in Minorities	p. 493
Treatment of Hypertensive Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease	p. 496
Management of Hypertensive Patients with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Diastolic Dysfunction	p. 501
Treatment of Hypertensive Patients with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction	p. 505
Treatment of Hypertensive Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease	p. 509
Treatment of Hypertensive Patients with Cerebrovascular Disease	p. 512
Treatment of Orthostatic Disorders and Baroreflex Failure	p. 515
Sexual Dysfunction and Hypertension	p. 519
Treatment of Hypertension with Chronic Renal Insufficiency or Albuminuria	p. 522
Treatment of the Obese Hypertensive Patient	p. 526
Treatment of Hypertensive Patients with Abnormal Blood Glucose	p. 529
Dyslipidemia Management in Hypertensives	p. 532
Treatment of Pregnant Hypertensive Patients	p. 536
Treatment of Hypertensive Children and Adolescents	p. 540
Management of Hypertension and Psychiatric Disorders	p. 545
Hypertension in Athletes	p. 550
Perioperative Management of Hypertension	p. 553
Management of Secondary Hypertension
Management of Sleep Apnea	p. 556
Management of Drug-Induced and Iatrogenic Hypertension	p. 560
Management of Hyperaldosteronism and Hypercortisolism	p. 564
Treatment of Renovascular Hypertension	p. 568
Management of Pheochromocytoma	p. 571
Management of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders	p. 574
Management of Post-transplant Hypertension	p. 576
Conflict of Interest Table	p. 579
Table of Contents provided by Blackwell. All Rights Reserved.