Hypertension Primer The Essentials of High Blood Pressure

by Unknown

• ISBN13: 9780781745093
• ISBN10: 0781745098
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-03-27
• Publisher: LWW

Summary

Now in its thoroughly updated Third Edition, the Hypertension Primer is a comprehensive, readable source of state-of-the-art scientific and clinical information on hypertension. The book contains more than 150 short chapters by distinguished experts that cover every aspect of hypertension and its pathogenesis, epidemiology, impact, and management. The chapters are grouped into three well-organized sections--basic science, population science, and clinical management--and each chapter is cross-referenced to other relevant chapters. Each chapter is easily digestible and begins with a bulleted list of key points.

Table of Contents

Contributing Authors	xv
Part A. BASIC SCIENCE
Section 1. Vasoactive Substances
Adrenergic and Dopaminergic Receptors and Actions	1	(4)
Kathleen H. Berecek
Robert M. Carey
Catecholamine Synthesis, Release, Reuptake, and Metabolism	5	(3)
David S. Goldstein
Graeme F. Eisenhofer
Angiotensins: Actions and Receptors	8	(4)
Theodore L. Goodfriend
Angiotensinogen	12	(2)
Morton P. Printz
Renin Synthesis and Secretion	14	(3)
William H. Beierwaltes
Angiotensin I--Converting Enzyme and Neprilysin (Neutral Endopeptidase)	17	(2)
Randal A. Skidgel
Ervin G. Erdos
Angiotensin Formation and Degradation	19	(2)
Carlos M. Ferrario
Mark C. Chappell
Tissue Renin-Angiotensin Systems	21	(3)
M. Ian Phillips
Mineralocorticoid Receptors	24	(3)
J. Howard Pratt
Adrenal Steroid Synthesis and Regulation	27	(3)
Celso E. Gomez-Sanchez
Leptin and Other Adipocyte Hormones	30	(3)
William G. Haynes
Endothelin	33	(4)
Ernesto L. Schiffrin
Vasopressin and Neuropeptide Y	37	(2)
Allen W. Cowley, Jr
Mieczyslaw Michalkiewicz
Kinins	39	(3)
Oscar A. Carretero
Nour-Eddine Rhaleb
Endogenous Natriuretic Peptides	42	(2)
Yoram Shenker
Vascular Nitric Oxide	44	(3)
Paul M. Vanhoutte
Acetylcholine, γ-Aminobutyric Acid, Serotonin, Adenosine, and Endogenous Ouabain	47	(3)
Roger J. Grekin
John M. Hamlyn
Adrenomedullin-Derived Peptides and Calcitonin Gene--Related Peptide	50	(2)
Meghan M. Taylor
Willis K. Samson
Reactive Oxygen Species and Mediators of Oxidative Stress	52	(3)
Rhian M. Touyz
Prostaglandins and P450 Metabolites	55	(3)
Alberto Nasjletti
John C. McGiff
Lipoxygenase Products	58	(2)
Jerry L. Nadler
Peroxisome Proliferator--Activated Receptors	60	(3)
Jorge Plutzky
Plasminogen Activation and Fibrinolytic Balance	63	(3)
Douglas E. Vaughan
Vasoactive Growth Factors and Adhesion Molecules	66	(3)
Carrie A. Northcott
Stephanie W. Watts
Willa Hsueh
Section 2. Ion Transport and Signal Transduction
Intracellular pH and Cell Volume	69	(4)
Bradford C. Berk
Cellular Potassium Transport	73	(2)
Jason X.-J. Yuan
Mordecai P. Blaustein
Calcium Transport and Calmodulin	75	(3)
David J. Triggle
Receptors and Functions	78	(2)
Greti Aguilera
Guanine Nucleotide Binding Proteins	80	(4)
James C. Garrison
Cyclic Nucleotides	84	(4)
Kevin J. Catt
Inositol Phospholipids and Inositol Phosphates	88	(4)
Tamas Balla
Protein Phosphorylation	92	(5)
George W. Booz
Kenneth M. Baker
Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction and Relaxation	97	(2)
Brett M. Mitchell
Kanchan A. Chitaley
R. Clinton Webb
Section 3. Vasoregulatory Systems
Central Nervous System in Arterial Pressure Regulation	99	(4)
J. Michael Wyss
Arterial Baroreflexes	103	(3)
Mark W. Chapleau
Cardiopulmonary Baroreflexes	106	(2)
Mark E. Dunlap
Renal Nerves and Extracellular Volume Regulation	108	(3)
Jeffrey L. Osborn
Suzanne G. Greenberg
Systemic Hemodynamics and Regional Blood Flow Regulation	111	(3)
Thomas G. Coleman
John E. Hall
Autoregulation of Blood Flow	114	(3)
Richard J. Roman
Respiration and Blood Pressure	117	(3)
Gianfranco Parati
Joseph L. Izzo, Jr
Benjamin Gavish
Section 4. Pathophysiology of Primary and Secondary Hypertension
Experimental Models of Hypertension	120	(3)
Ralph E. Watson
Donald J. DiPette
Sympathetic Nervous System in Human Hypertension	123	(3)
Tomas J. Kara
Virend K. Somers
Stress Responses and Blood Pressure Reactivity	126	(3)
Joseph L. Izzo, Jr
Obesity	129	(2)
Lewis Landsberg
Insulin Resistance and Hypertension	131	(2)
Helmut O. Steinberg
Salt Sensitivity	133	(2)
Myron H. Weinberger
Divalent Cations in Hypertension	135	(3)
Lawrence M. Resnick
Pathophysiology of Renovascular Hypertension	138	(3)
L. Gabriel Navar
David W. Ploth
Pathophysiology of Renal Parenchymal Hypertension	141	(3)
Vito M. Campese
Pathophysiology of Adrenal Cortical Hypertension	144	(4)
Naftali Stern
Michael Tuck
Pathophysiology of Pheochromocytoma	148	(2)
William M. Manger
Ray W. Gifford, Jr
Graeme F. Eisenhofer
Hypertension Caused by Thyroid and Parathyroid Abnormalities, Acromegaly, and Androgens	150	(3)
Yoram Shenker
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome	153	(1)
Caren G. Solomon
Ellen W. Seely
Coarctation of the Aorta	154	(2)
Albert P. Rocchini
Pathophysiology of Sleep Apnea	156	(3)
Barbara J. Morgan
Affective Illness and Hypertension	159	(1)
Joseph L. Izzo, Jr.
Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia	160	(3)
Ellen W. Seely
Marshall D. Lindheimer
Hypertension and Transplantation	163	(3)
Stephen C. Textor
Section 5. Mechanisms of Target Organ Damage
Aging, Hypertension, and the Heart	166	(4)
Edward G. Lakatta
Aging, Hypertension, and Arterial Stiffness	170	(5)
Stanley S. Franklin
Joseph L. Izzo, Jr.
Pathogenesis of Hypertensive Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Diastolic Dysfunction	175	(2)
Edward D. Frohlich
Pathogenesis of Chronic Heart Failure	177	(3)
Thierry H. Le Jemtel
Farhana Latif
Mechanisms of Vascular Remodeling	180	(3)
Gary L. Baumbach
Microvascular Regulation and Dysregulation	183	(2)
Andrew S. Greene
Oxidative Stress and Hypertension	185	(4)
David G. Harrison
Kathy K. Griendling
Endothelial Function and Cardiovascular Disease	189	(4)
Julian P. J. Halcox
Arshed A. Quyyumi
Atherogenesis and Coronary Artery Disease	193	(5)
Thomas D. Giles
Pathogenesis of Stroke	198	(3)
J. David Spence
Patrick Pullicino
Pathogenesis of Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy	201	(2)
Donald D. Heistad
William J. Lawton
William T. Talman
Pathogenesis of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mixed Dementia	203	(2)
Linda A. Hershey
Pathogenesis of Hypertensive Renal Damage	205	(4)
Sharon Anderson
The Eye in Hypertension	209	(3)
Robert N. Frank
Section 6. Basic Genetics
Basic Principles of Genetics	212	(4)
Nicholas J. Schork
Genetics of Hypertension: Investigative Strategies	216	(2)
George T. Cicila
Genetics and Family History of Hypertension	218	(3)
Steven C. Hunt
Gene-Environment Interactions	221	(3)
Sharon L. R. Kardia
Monogenic Determinant of Blood Pressure	224	(3)
Robert G. Dluhy
Heritability of Hypertension and Target Organ Damage	227	(4)
Donna K. Arnett
PART B. POPULATION SCIENCE
Section 1. Cardiovascular Risk in Populations and Individuals
Geographic Patterns of Hypertension: A Global Perspective	231	(2)
Richard S. Cooper
Geographic Patterns of Hypertension in the United States	233	(2)
Edgar R. Miller III
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Hypertension	235	(4)
William B. Kannel
Peter W. F. Wilson
Cerebrovascular Risk	239	(4)
Philip A. Wolf
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Risk	243	(3)
Daniel Levy
Renal Risk	246	(4)
Michael J. Klag
Peripheral Arterial Disease and Hypertension	250	(3)
Michael H. Criqui
Julie O. Denenberg
Robert D. Langer
Arnost Fronek
Section 2. Hypertension in Special Populations
Gender and Blood Pressure	253	(5)
David A. Calhoun
Suzanne Oparil
Blood Pressure in Children	258	(3)
Alan R. Sinaiko
Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status in Hypertension	261	(3)
John M. Flack
Samar A. Nasser
Hypertension in Blacks	264	(2)
Keith C. Ferdinand
Hypertension in Hispanic Americans	266	(3)
Carlos J. Crespo
Ellen Smit
Mario R. Garcia Palmieri
Hypertension in South Asians	269	(3)
Prakash C. Deedwania
Rajeev Gupta
Hypertension in East Asians and Native Hawaiians	272	(2)
Nathan D. Wong
Section 3. Lifestyle Factors and Blood Pressure
Dietary Patterns and Blood Pressure	274	(3)
Frank M. Sacks
Salt and Blood Pressure	277	(3)
Paul Elliott
Potassium and Blood Pressure	280	(3)
Paul K. Whelton
Calcium, Magnesium, Heavy Metals, and Blood Pressure	283	(3)
Lawrence J. Appel
Obesity, Body Fat Distribution, and Insulin Resistance: Clinical Relevance	286	(2)
Steven M. Haffner
Physical Activity and Blood Pressure	288	(2)
Denise G. Simons-Morton
Alcohol Use and Blood Pressure	290	(4)
William C. Cushman
Stress and Blood Pressure	294	(2)
Norman K. Hollenberg
White Coat Hypertension	296	(3)
Thomas G. Pickering
Section 4. Prevention and Control
Trends in Blood Pressure Control and Mortality	299	(3)
Thomas J. Thom
Edward J. Roccella
Prevention of Hypertension	302	(4)
Jeffrey A. Cutler
Jeremiah Stamler
Community-Based Management Programs	306	(2)
Brent M. Egan
Daniel T. Lackland
Workplace Management of Hypertension	308	(2)
Michael H. Alderman
Antihypertensive Treatment Trials: Morbidity and Mortality Data	310	(5)
Bruce M. Psaty
Curt D. Furberg
Antihypertensive Treatment Trials: Quality of Life	315	(2)
Richard H. Grimm, Jr
Carrie L. Hildebrant
Economic Considerations in Hypertension Management	317	(4)
William J. Elliott
Part C. CLINICAL MANAGEMENT
Section 1. General Diagnostic Aspects
Blood Pressure Measurement	321	(4)
Carlene M. Grim
Clarence E. Grim
Initial Workup of the Hypertensive Patient	325	(3)
Ray W. Gifford, Jr
Marvin Moser
Evaluation of Electrolyte Abnormalities	328	(2)
John W. Graves
Ambulatory and Home Blood Pressure Monitoring	330	(4)
William B. White
Diurnal and Other Cyclic Variations of Blood Pressure	334	(3)
Joseph L. Izzo, Jr
Thomas G. Pickering
Genetic Profiling in Hypertension	337	(2)
Haralambos Gavras
Section 2. Evaluation of Target Organs
Basic Cardiac Evaluation: Physical Examination, Electrocardiogram, and Chest Radiograph	339	(3)
Clarence Shub
Cardiac Imaging Techniques	342	(3)
Clarence Shub
Exercise Stress Testing	345	(4)
Michael F. Wilson
Mofid N. Khalil-Ibrahim
Hemodynamic Profiles in Essential and Secondary Hypertension	349	(2)
Robert C. Davidson
Suhail Ahmad
Evaluation of Arterial Stiffness	351	(4)
Gary F. Mitchell
Joseph L. Izzo, Jr
Evaluation of Aortocarotid Baroreflexes	355	(4)
Addison A. Taylor
Evaluation of the Failing Heart	359	(2)
Jay N. Cohn
Evaluation of the Peripheral Circulation	361	(5)
Jeffrey W. Olin
Evaluation of Renovascular Disease	366	(3)
Stephen C. Textor
Evaluation of Renal Parenchymal Disease	369	(3)
Michael A. Moore
Neurologic Evaluation in Hypertension	372	(3)
Irene Meissner
Stephen J. Phillips
Section 3. Principles of Management
Interpretation and Evaluation of Clinical Guidelines	375	(3)
Edward J. Roccella
Norman M. Kaplan
Approach to the Management of Hypertension	378	(4)
Joseph L. Izzo, Jr
Henry R. Black
Refractory Hypertension	382	(3)
Norman M. Kaplan
Joseph L. Izzo, Jr
Lifestyle Modifications	385	(3)
Theodore A. Kotchen
Jane Morley Kotchen
Exercise Therapy	388	(2)
Denise G. Simons-Morton
Adherence to Antihypertensive Therapy	390	(3)
Martha N. Hill
Nancy Houston Miller
Hypertension Recordkeeping and Electronic Management Systems	393	(4)
Mary K. Goldstein
Brian B. Hoffman
Hypertension Consultations and Specialists	397	(2)
Lawrence R. Krakoff
Nonphysician Providers and the Management of Hypertension	399	(2)
Nancy Houston Miller
Martha N. Hill
Patient Education	401	(1)
Daniel W. Jones
Barriers to Blood Pressure Control	402	(3)
David J. Hyman
Valory N. Pavlik
Section 4. Antihypertensive Drugs
Antihypertensive Drugs: Pharmacologic Principles and Dosing Effects	405	(3)
Joseph L. Izzo, Jr
Domenic A. Sica
Drug Combinations	408	(3)
Alan H. Gradman
Thiazide and Loop Diuretics	411	(3)
Vasilios Papademetriou
Domenic A. Sica
Joseph L. Izzo, Jr
Aldosterone Blockers and Potassium-Sparing Diuretics	414	(3)
Murray Epstein
β-Adrenergic Blockers	417	(4)
William H. Frishman
Domenic A. Sica
α-Adrenoceptor Antagonists	421	(2)
James L. Pool
Central and Peripheral Sympatholytics	423	(3)
Barry J. Materson
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors	426	(4)
Domenic A. Sica
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers	430	(3)
Michael A. Weber
Calcium Antagonists	433	(4)
Matthew R. Weir
Joseph L. Izzo, Jr
Direct Vasodilators	437	(3)
C. Venkata S. Ram
Andrew Fenves
Other Agents: Potassium Channel Openers, Dopamine Agonists, Serotonin-Related Agents, Renin Inhibitors, Imidazolines, and Endothelin Antagonists	440	(2)
Alexander M. M. Shepherd
Antihypertensive Effects of Nonantihypertensive Drugs	442	(1)
Ross D. Feldman
Blood Pressure Effects of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs and Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors	443	(3)
Raymond R. Townsend
Section 5. Managing Hypertension in Special Populations
Treatment of the Elderly Hypertensive: Systolic Hypertension	446	(3)
Jan N. Basile
Treatment of Borderline (Nonsustained) Hypertension	449	(3)
Stevo Julius
Treatment of Hypertensive Emergencies and Urgencies	452	(4)
Donald G. Vidt
Treatment of Hypertension Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease	456	(4)
Clive Rosendorff
Management of Hypertensive Patients with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Diastolic Dysfunction	460	(3)
Richard B. Devereux
Treatment of Hypertensive Patients with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction	463	(4)
John B. Kostis
Treatment of Hypertensive Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease	467	(3)
Jeffrey W. Olin
Sexual Dysfunction and Hypertension	470	(3)
L. Michael Prisant
Treatment of Hypertension with Chronic Renal Insufficiency and Albuminuria	473	(3)
George L. Bakris
Treatment of Hypertensive Patients with Cerebrovascular Disease	476	(3)
Robert D. Brown, Jr
Treatment of Orthostatic Disorders and Baroreflex Failure	479	(3)
David Robertson
Treatment of the Obese Hypertensive Patient	482	(3)
Xavier Pi-Sunyer
Treatment of the Hypertensive Patient with Lipid and Lipoprotein Abnormalities	485	(3)
Michael D. Cressman
Treatment of Diabetes and Hypertension	488	(3)
Samy I. McFarlane
James R. Sowers
Treatment of Pregnant Hypertensive Patients	491	(3)
Sandra J. Taler
Treatment of Hypertensive Children and Adolescents	494	(4)
Bonita E. Falkner
Treatment of Hypertension in Minorities	498	(2)
Jyothsna Kodali
Mahboob Rahman
Jackson T. Wright, Jr
Section 6. Management of Secondary Hypertension
Management of Renovascular Hypertension	500	(3)
Joseph V. Nally, Jr
Management of Pheochromocytoma	503	(3)
William F. Young, Jr
Sheldon G. Sheps
Management of Hypercortisolism and Hyperaldosteronism	506	(4)
Emmanuel L. Bravo
Management of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders	510	(2)
William F. Young, Jr
Management of Sleep Apnea	512	(4)
Virend K. Somers
Management of Drug-Induced and Iatrogenic Hypertension	516	(3)
Ehud Grossman
Franz H. Messerli
Management of Posttransplant Hypertension	519	(4)
Vincent J. Canzanello
Index	523