Immunology and Liver

by Manns, M. P.; Paumgartner, G.; Leuschner, U.

• ISBN13: 9780792387596
• ISBN10: 0792387597
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-09-01
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

In 1992, the Falk Symposium No. 70 dealt with the topic 'Immunology and Liver'. At that time basic mechanisms of immunology as well as immunopathogenetic mechanisms in viral and autoimmune liver diseases were discussed. Now, 7 years later, the Falk Symposium No. 114, held in Basel, Switzerland, October 20-21 1999 (Part I of the Basel Liver Week 1999), focused on immunology in autoimmune liver diseases. In the first section basic mechanisms of autoimmunity are presented, including the relevance of superantigens and the role of apoptosis. A further topic is the latest developments concerning animal models for autoimmune diseases. Recently the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group newly defined and reclassified the syndrome of autoimmune hepatitis. Autoimmune hepatitis is now identified and studied in all parts of the world, including Asia and South America. A special variant of autoimmune hepatitis was identified as one organ manifestation of the autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1, a genetic disease caused by mutations in a single transcription factor. Drug- and hepatitis-virus induced immune mediated liver diseases may serve as models for nonhepatic immune mediated disorders. DNA technology has increased our knowledge of the immunogenetic background of autoimmune liver diseases. Among the cholestatic immune mediated liver diseases, significant progress has been made concerning primary biliary cirrhosis, in particular regarding the identification of mitochondrial antigens and the characterisation of the immune reactions directed at them. The involvement of infectious agents in PBC as well as the definition of overlap syndromes is a particular focus for basic and clinical research in this area. Concerning the therapy of autoimmune liver diseases, corticosteroids and azathioprin remain the state of the art for autoimmune hepatitis, while bile acids have become well established in treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis as well as primary sclerosing cholangitis. New drugs in the future will include topical steroids such as budesonide and new immunosuppressive agents like mofetil/mycophenolate. Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for end stage liver diseases; all autoimmune liver diseases are among the best candidates for liver transplantation. Hopefully, new therapeutic strategies based on the results obtained from experimental models will become everyday clinical practice in the next decade. Therefore this symposium concludes with a discussion.

Table of Contents

List of Principal Authors	ix
Section I: BASIC MECHANISMS OF AUTOIMMUNITY
Autoimmunity and autoaggression	3	(5)
B. Arnold
Autoantibodies to insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma	8	(8)
E.M. Tan
J.-Y. Zhang
E.K.L. Chan
Migration of microsomal autoantigens to the hepatocyte plasma membrane	16	(19)
D. Pessayre
V. Descatoire
P. Dansette
J. Loeper
A. Berson
M.-A. Robin
Caspase- 10 mutations in the autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type II	35	(11)
J. Wang
M.J. Lenardo
Mechanisms of virus-induced autoimmune disease	46	(11)
B. Ludewig
P. Aichele
R.M. Zinkernagel
H. Hengartner
Section II: DEFINITION AND SPECTRUM OF AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS
Definition and classification of autoimmune hepatitis 1999	57	(12)
I.G. McFarlane
Autoimmune hepatitis in Asia	69	(13)
M. Nishioka
Autoimmune hepatitis in South America	82	(11)
E.L.R. Cancado
G. Porta
Autoimmune hepatitis in children	93	(6)
F. Alvarez
Hepatitis in the polyendocrine syndrome type I	99	(16)
P. Obermayer-Straub
M.P. Manns
Section III: PATHOGENESIS OF AUTOIMMUNE LIVER DISEASES
Genetics of autoimmune liver disease	115	(18)
P.T. Donaldson
The role of T cells in autoimmune hepatitis	133	(4)
D. Vergani
Mieli-Vergani
'ANCA' in liver diseases	137	(15)
B. Terjung
H.J. Worman
Reactivity of autoimmune hepatitis sera with glutathione S-transferase	152	(15)
J. Wesierska-Gadek
E. Penner
Section IV: DRUG AND HEPATITIS VIRUS INDUCED AUTOIMMUNITY
The cytochrome P450 supergene family: genetic organization and function	167	(13)
K.J. Griffin
E.F. Johnson
Uridine diphosphate 5'-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT): genetic organization and function	180	(12)
C.P. Strassburg
M.P. Manns
R.H. Tukey
Allergic and autoimmune reactions to xenobiotics: how do they evolve?	192	(15)
M. Wulferink
P. Griem
E. Gleichmann
Immune (T cell) response in viral hepatitis	207	(9)
J.T. Gerlach
N. Gruener
H. Diepolder
M.-C. Jung
G.R. Pape
Autoimmune response in hepatitis C and D	216	(7)
F.B. Bianchi
D. Zauli
M. Lenzi
F. Cassani
L. Muratori
Section V: PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS, PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS AND OVERLAP SYNDROMES
Histological classification of autoimmune cholestatic liver diseases	223	(21)
S.G. Hubscher
Clues to the aetiology of primary biliary cirrhosis	244	(13)
A. Tanaka
P.S.C. Leung
J. van de Water
S. Munoz
R.L. Coppel
A. Ansari
M.E. Gershwin
Nuclear protein antigens in primary biliary cirrhosis	257	(11)
H.J. Worman
B. Terjung
J.-C. Courvalin
Thoughts on the infectious aetiology of primary biliary cirrhosis	268	(11)
R. Joplin
Primary sclerosing cholangitis as an autoimmune disease: pros and cons	279	(9)
R.W. Chapman
Overlap syndromes and changing diagnoses	288	(8)
J. Heathcote
Autoimmune liver disease and malignancy	296	(15)
U. Broome
A. Bergquist
Section VI: THERAPY OF AUTOIMMUNE LIVER DISEASES - STATE OF THE ART
Therapy of autoimmune diseases - state of the art	311	(14)
A.J. Czaja
Therapy of primary biliary cirrhosis	325	(5)
R. Poupon
C. Corpechot
R.E. Poupon
Therapy of primary sclerosing cholangitis	330	(8)
U. Beuers
G. Paumgartner
New steroids and new immunosuppressive drugs in autoimmune liver disease	338	(9)
U. Leuschner
Transplantation for autoimmune liver disease	347	(22)
J. Neuberger
Section VII: THERAPY OF AUTOIMMUNE LIVER DISEASES - THE FUTURE
T cell vaccination as potential therapy for autoimmune hepatitis	369	(7)
A.W. Lohse
Gene therapy for autoimmune diseases	376	(11)
V.K. Tuohy
P.M. Mathisen
Index	387