Inclusive Cultural Empathy

by Pedersen, Paul B.

• ISBN13: 9780979212512
• ISBN10: 0979212510
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-01-15
• Publisher: Amer Psychological Assn

Summary

Syracuse Univ., NY. Demonstrates how to reach beyond the comfort zone of an individualistic perspective and increase competence in a relationship-centered context. Weaves multicultural experiences with procedural, theoretical, and practical lessons to model clinical work with inclusive principles and multicultural sensitivity. For psychotherapists.

Author Biography

Hugh C. Crethar is an assistant professor in the School Counseling and Guidance Program of the Department of Educational Psychology at the University of Arizona in Tucson.

Table of Contents

List of Tables, Figures, and Exhibits	p. xi
Preface	p. xv
Introduction	p. 3
Traditional and Nontraditional Perspectives on Empathy, Help-Seeking, and Healthy Outcomes	p. 7
The Historical Roots of Empathy	p. 8
Cultural Assumptions of Empathy: A Critique	p. 12
Globalization of Counseling and Psychotherapy	p. 14
The Inclusion of Formal and Informal Support Systems	p. 16
Conclusion: Possibilities for Empathy	p. 20
Toward More Inclusive Empathy: A Survey of Relational Worldviews and Alternative Modes of Helping	p. 23
The Importance of Collectivistic and Individualistic Theories	p. 24
The Importance of High- and Low-Context Theories	p. 26
What Is the Essence of Self?	p. 27
Synthetic Culture Examples of Cultural Diversity	p. 34
A Survey of Non-Western Therapies	p. 37
Conclusion	p. 39
Defining Inclusive Cultural Empathy	p. 41
A Conceptual Model of Inclusive Cultural Empathy	p. 41
How ICE Incorporates and Adds to Multicultural Competence	p. 44
An Inclusive Definition of Culture	p. 47
An Inclusive Definition of Positive Therapy Outcomes	p. 50
Developing Inclusive Cultural Empathy	p. 53
The Contrasting Process of Moral Exclusion	p. 57
Conclusion	p. 59
Affective Acceptance: Relating to and Understanding Ourselves and Others	p. 61
We Are Both Similar and Different at the Same Time	p. 62
Culture Is Complex and Not Simple	p. 70
Behaviors by Themselves Are Not Meaningful	p. 76
Not All Racism Is Intentional	p. 80
Conclusion	p. 91
Affective Acceptance: Embracing Inclusion and Developing Empathy	p. 93
Counselors Are All Vulnerable to Cultural Encapsulation	p. 93
Inclusion Is More Likely to Define a Cultural Context Than Exclusion	p. 101
Internal Spiritual Resources Are Important	p. 104
Ambiguity, Although Inconvenient, Has Potentially Positive Value	p. 109
Final Thoughts on Affective Acceptance	p. 112
Intellectual Understanding: Race, Gender, Religion, and Spirituality	p. 115
Key Cultural Identity Constructs	p. 116
The Importance of Salience	p. 117
Race	p. 119
Gender	p. 125
Religion/Spirituality	p. 129
Conclusion	p. 134
Intellectual Understanding: Examining Other Key Cultural Identity Constructs	p. 135
Affectional Orientation	p. 135
Age	p. 139
Physical and Mental Capacity Issues	p. 144
Class and Socioeconomic Status	p. 145
Convergence and Salience	p. 151
Final Thoughts on Intellectual Understanding	p. 151
Integral Skills: Hearing Our Culture Teachers Through Empathy	p. 155
Purpose of Internal Dialogue	p. 156
The Triad Training Model as a Way to Practice Hearing Internal Dialogue	p. 161
Debriefing	p. 164
Other Internal Dialogue Training Models	p. 167
Reflection of Feelings	p. 169
Reflection of Meanings	p. 175
Combining Feeling and Meaning: A Balancing Act	p. 177
Conclusion	p. 178
Integral Skills: Microskills for Inclusive Cultural Empathy	p. 181
Mistakes and Recoveries	p. 182
Articulating the Problem From the Client's Perspective	p. 183
Recognizing Client Resistance to the Helper or Helping Process	p. 184
Overcoming Defensiveness Toward Clients	p. 185
Developing Multicultural Competencies With the Triad Training Model	p. 186
Demonstrating the Triad Training Model in Action	p. 195
Conclusion	p. 198
Empowerment Applications of Inclusive Cultural Empathy	p. 199
Multiculturalism Is Inclusive and Broadly Defined	p. 200
Empowerment Through Inclusive Cultural Empathy	p. 202
The Dangers of Cultural Encapsulation and Exclusion	p. 209
The Intrapersonal Cultural Grid	p. 210
The Interpersonal Cultural Grid	p. 211
Conclusion	p. 222
Conclusion: Developing Multicultural Awareness, Knowledge, and Skill	p. 223
Multiculturalism as a Fourth Force	p. 224
Culture-Centered Advocacy Competencies	p. 228
The Awareness-Knowledge-Skill Model	p. 230
The Benefits of Multicultural Awareness	p. 232
The Generic Importance of Multicultural Knowledge	p. 233
The Generic Application of Multicultural Skill	p. 235
Conclusion	p. 241
Guidelines for the Four Synthetic Cultures	p. 243
Practicing Inclusive Cultural Empathy With Synthetic Cultures	p. 249
References	p. 255
Author Index	p. 277
Subject Index	p. 285
About the Authors	p. 299
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