Incremental Speech Translation

by Amtrup, Jan Willers; Goos, G.; Hartmanis, J.; Leeuwen, J. Van

• ISBN13: 9783540667537
• ISBN10: 3540667539
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-12-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

This book describes a complete translation system for spontaneously spoken language, constructed using the incremental paradigm. It starts by presenting the theoretical and algorithmic basis necessary to cope with the complex endeavour of translating speech incrementally and in parallel. In particular, graph-theoretic foundations of natural language processing and feature-based descriptions of linguistic objects are covered. A thorough description of the system and its performance follows. The author covers syntactic and semantic processing as well as transfer and syntactic generation. Thus the book can also be used as a broad-coverage introduction to the field of speech translation.This book is essential reading for researchers and students working in the field of speech translation. It is also intended as a research tool for those interested in the architecture of general natural language processing systems.

Table of Contents

Overview	1	(3)
Introduction	3	(22)
Incremental Natural Language Processing	3	(8)
Incremental Speech Understanding	11	(4)
Incremental Architectures and the Architecture of MILC	15	(9)
Summary	24	(1)
Graph Theory and Natural Language Processing	25	(40)
General Definitions	25	(5)
The Use of Word Graphs for Natural Language Processing Systems	30	(4)
Evaluation of Word Graphs: Size and Quality Measures	34	(10)
Evaluation of Word Graphs: Quality Measures	44	(4)
Further Operations on Word Graphs	48	(4)
Removing Isolated Silence	48	(1)
Removing Consecutive Silence	49	(2)
Removing All Silence Edges	51	(1)
Merging Mutually Unreachable Vertices	51	(1)
Hypergraphs	52	(8)
Formal Definition of Hypergraphs	54	(2)
Merging of Hyperedges	56	(3)
Combination of Hyperedges	59	(1)
Search in Graphs	60	(2)
Summary	62	(3)
Unification-Based Formalisms for Translation in Natural Language Processing	65	(20)
Unification-Based Formalisms for Natural Language Processing	65	(8)
Definition of Typed Feature Structures with Appropriateness	68	(1)
Type Lattices	68	(1)
Feature Structures	69	(4)
Functions as Values of Features	73	(1)
Unification-Based Machine Translation	73	(3)
Architecture and Implementation of the Formalism	76	(8)
Definition and Implementation of Type Lattices	79	(1)
Definition and Implementation of Feature Structures	80	(4)
Summary	84	(1)
MILC: Structure and Implementation	85	(70)
Layered Charts	86	(9)
Communication Within the Application	95	(10)
Communication Architecture of an Application	96	(2)
Channel Models	98	(2)
Information Service and Synchronization	100	(4)
Termination	104	(1)
Overview of the Architecture of MILC	105	(1)
Word Recognition	106	(2)
Idiom Processing	108	(2)
Parsing	110	(11)
Derivation of Verbal Complexes	111	(2)
Spontaneous Speech and Word Recognition	113	(2)
Structure and Processing Strategies	115	(6)
Utterance Integration	121	(7)
Transfer	128	(9)
Chart-Based Transfer	130	(2)
The Implementation of Transfer for MILC	132	(5)
Generation	137	(6)
Visualization	143	(2)
Extensions	145	(7)
Extension of the Architecture	147	(2)
Anytime Translation	149	(3)
System Size	152	(1)
Summary	152	(3)
Experiments and Results	155	(14)
Hypergraphs	156	(2)
Translation	158	(7)
Data Material	158	(1)
Linguistic Knowledge Sources	159	(2)
Experiments and System Parameters	161	(1)
Evaluation	162	(2)
Extensions	164	(1)
Comparison with Non-incremental Methods	165	(2)
Summary	167	(2)
Conclusion and Outlook	169	(6)
Bibliography	175	(18)
Glossary	193	(2)
Index	195