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9780759363014

Individual Taxation : With TurboTax Premiere

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780759363014

  • ISBN10:

    0759363013

  • Edition: 2nd
  • Format: Nonspecific Binding
  • Copyright: 2006-01-01
  • Publisher: Thompson Publishers
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Summary

For over 20 years the Pratt & Kulsrud Taxation series has provided educators, students, and professionals alike with an engaging and clear presentation and examples of tax law. The series has consistently held to the principle that the key to learning taxation is an understanding of the underlying purpose for each and every rule. For this reason, the authors and editors have made a concerted effort to provide the background, both a conceptual and historical foundation, which they feel is essential to understanding. This edition continues the tradition of excellence with timely updates reflecting the latest in tax laws, integration of TurboTax®, and rich online resources for instructors. The numerous examples and computational illustrations used to explain the more complex rules concerning the Federal income taxation of individuals makes this text suitable for first course in Federal taxation undergraduate or graduate accounting, business, or law students.

Table of Contents

Part I INTRODUCTION TO THE FEDERAL TAX SYSTEM
An Overview of Federal Taxation
Introduction
2(1)
The Nature of a Tax
2(1)
Development of U.S. Taxation
3(6)
Excise and Customs Duties
3(1)
Federal Income Tax
3(2)
Federal Wealth Transfer Taxes
5(1)
Federal Taxes as a Source of Revenue
5(1)
Key Tax Terms
5(4)
Major Types of Taxes
9(15)
Income Taxes
9(2)
Wealth Transfer Taxes
11(6)
Employment Taxes
17(6)
Excise Taxes
23(1)
Additional Types of Taxes
24(1)
Goals of Taxation
24(5)
Economic Objectives
25(1)
Social Objectives
26(1)
Other Objectives
27(2)
A Prelude to Tax Planning
29(2)
Problem Materials
31
Tax Practice and Research
Introduction
2(1)
Tax Practice in General
2(2)
Taxation as a Professional Career
4(1)
Rules of Tax Practice: Responsibilities and Ethics
5(14)
Taxpayer Penalties
6(1)
Accuracy-Related Penalties
7(4)
Fraud
11(1)
Tax Preparer Penalties
12(7)
Sources and Applications of Tax Law
19(1)
Authoritative Sources of Tax Law
19(1)
Statutory Law
19(4)
The Making of a Tax Law
20(2)
Organization of the Code
22(1)
Tax Treaties
23(1)
Administrative Interpretations
23(5)
Regulations
23(3)
Revenue Rulings
26(1)
Revenue Procedures
26(1)
Letter Rulings
27(1)
Judicial Interpretations
28(9)
Trial Courts
29(2)
Appellate Courts
31(2)
Case Citation
33(4)
Secondary Sources
37(2)
Tax Services
37(1)
Tax Periodicals
38(1)
Tax Research
39(3)
Obtaining the Facts
39(1)
Diagnosing the Issue
39(1)
Locating the Authorities
40(1)
Evaluating the Authority
41(1)
Deriving the Solution
42(1)
Communicating the Findings
42(1)
Problem Materials
42
Taxable Entities, Tax Formula, Introduction to Property Transactions
Introduction
2(1)
The Taxable Entity
2(1)
Taxable Entities
3(8)
Individual Taxpayers
3(1)
Corporate Taxpayers
4(1)
Fiduciary Taxpayers
5(1)
Partnerships
6(1)
Electing Small Business Corporations: ``S'' Corporations
7(1)
Limited Liability Companies
8(3)
Tax Formula
11(16)
Analyzing the Tax Formula
12(15)
Introduction to Property Transactions
27(8)
Gain or Loss Realized
27(2)
Gain or Loss Recognized
29(1)
Character of the Gain or Loss
30(3)
Trade or Business Property
33(2)
Tax Planning Considerations
35(2)
Choice of Business Form
35(1)
Itemized Deductions vs. Standard Deduction
36(1)
Employee Business Expenses
37(1)
Problem Materials
37
Personal and Dependency Exemptions; Filing Status; Determination of Tax for an Individual: Filing Requirements
Personal and Dependency Exemptions
2(14)
Personal Exemptions
3(1)
Exemptions for Dependents
3(1)
Exemption for Qualifying Child
3(2)
Exemption for Qualifying Relative
5(5)
Provisions Common to All Dependency Exemptions
10(2)
Children of Divorced or Separated Parents
12(1)
Phase-Out of Personal and Dependency Exemptions
12(1)
Child Tax Credit
13(3)
Filing Status
16(8)
Evolution of Filing Status
16(2)
Married Individuals
18(1)
Head of Household
19(5)
Computation of Tax for Individual Taxpayers
24(10)
Tax Tables
24(2)
Tax Rate Schedules
26(2)
Special Tax Computation Rules
28(5)
Determination of Net Tax Due or Refund
33(1)
Filing Requirements
34(15)
Due Dates for Filing Returns
37(1)
Penalties
38(5)
Claim for Refund
43(2)
Statute of Limitations
45(1)
Indexation and the Federal Income Tax
46(3)
Appendix
49(10)
Tax Return Illustrations
49(10)
Problem Materials
59
Part II GROSS INCOME
Gross Income
Introduction
2(1)
Gross Income Defined
3(4)
Economic Concept of Income
3(2)
Accounting Concept of Income
5(1)
Income for Tax Purposes: The Judicial Concept
5(2)
Refinements of the Gross Income Definition
7(6)
Form-of-Benefit Principle
8(1)
Return of Capital Doctrine
8(2)
Indirect Economic Benefits
10(3)
Reporting Income: Tax Accounting Methods
13(12)
Accounting Periods
13(2)
Accounting Methods
15(1)
Cash Method of Accounting
16(5)
Accrual Method of Accounting
21(1)
Changes in Accounting Methods
22(3)
Accounting for Income: Special Considerations
25(10)
Claim of Right Doctrine
25(2)
Prepaid Income
27(4)
Interest Income
31(4)
Identification of the Taxpayer
35(6)
Income from Personal Services
35(1)
Income from Property
35(1)
Unearned Income of Children Under 14
36(1)
Interest-Free and Below-market Loans
36(3)
Income from Community Property
39(2)
Tax Planning
41(3)
Timing Income Recognition
41(1)
Income-Splitting Techniques
42(1)
Excluded Economic Income
43(1)
Problem Materials
44
Gross Income: Inclusions and Exclusions
Introduction
2(1)
Investment Income
3(15)
Dividends
4(3)
Interest
7(4)
Annuities
11(5)
529 Plans
16(1)
Qualified Tuition Programs
16(2)
Employee Compensation and Other Benefits
18(19)
Reimbursement of Employee Expenses
19(1)
Employer Gifts
20(1)
Employer Awards
20(1)
Social Security Benefits
21(3)
Unemployment Benefits
24(1)
Employee Insurance
24(4)
Employer-Provided Meals and Lodging
28(1)
Child and Dependent Care Assistance
29(1)
Adoption Assistance Programs
30(1)
Educational Assistance Plans
30(1)
Section 132 Fringe Benefits
30(6)
Military Personnel
36(1)
Reparations to Holocaust Victims
36(1)
Personal Transfers Between Individuals
37(6)
Gifts and Inheritances
37(1)
Alimony and Separate Maintenance
37(6)
Transfers by Unrelated Parties
43(7)
Life Insurance Proceeds and Other Death Benefits
43(2)
Employee Death Benefits
45(1)
Prizes and Awards
45(1)
Scholarships and Fellowships
46(1)
Cancellation of Indebtedness
47(2)
Government Transfer Payments
49(1)
Business Gross Income
50(3)
Agreement Not to Compete and Goodwill
50(1)
Business Interruption Insurance Proceeds
51(1)
Damages Awarded
51(1)
Lease Cancellation Payments
52(1)
Leasehold Improvements
52(1)
Contributions to Capital
53(1)
Miscellaneous Items
53(2)
Fees Received
53(1)
Asset Discovery
53(1)
Car Pool Receipts
54(1)
Income Tax Refunds
54(1)
Temporary Living Costs
54(1)
Damages Awarded to Individuals
54(1)
Tax Planning
55(4)
Investments
55(2)
Employee Benefits
57(1)
Employee Versus Self-Employed
58(1)
Divorce
59(1)
Problem Materials
59
Part III DEDUCTIONS AND LOSSES
Overview of Deductions and Losses
Deduction Defined
2(1)
Deductions for Expenses: General Requirements
3(15)
General Rules: Code §§ 162 and 212
3(1)
Related to Carrying on a Business or an Income-Producing Activity
4(3)
Ordinary and Necessary Expenses
7(1)
Reasonable Expenses
8(1)
Paid or Incurred During the Taxable Year
9(7)
Relationship to Financial Accounting
16(1)
Employee Business Expenses
17(1)
Deductions for Losses
18(1)
Classification of Expenses
19(6)
Importance of Classification
19(1)
Deductions for A.G.I
20(1)
Itemized Deductions
21(1)
Self-employed versus Employee
22(3)
Limitations on Deductions
25(18)
Hobby Expenses and Losses
25(2)
Personal Living Expenses
27(2)
Capital Expenditures
29(3)
Business Investigation Expenses and Start-up Costs
32(3)
Public Policy Restrictions
35(2)
Lobbying and Political Contributions
37(1)
Expenses and Interest Relating to Tax-Exempt Income
38(1)
Related Taxpayer Transactions
39(3)
Payment of Another Taxpayer's Obligation
42(1)
Substantiation
43(1)
Tax Planning Considerations
43(2)
Maximizing Deductions
43(1)
Timing of Deductions
44(1)
Expenses Relating to Tax-Exempt Income
44(1)
``Points'' on Mortgages
45(1)
Hobbies
45(1)
Problem Materials
45
Employee Business Expenses
Education Expenses
2(7)
Requirements for Deduction
3(1)
Travel as a Form of Education
4(1)
Types and Classification of Education Deductions
5(1)
Deduction for Qualified Tuition and Related Expenses
5(1)
Relationship to Education Credits and Qualified Prepaid Tuition
6(2)
Deduction for Expenses of Primary and Secondary School Teachers
8(1)
Moving Expenses
9(5)
Distance Requirement
9(1)
Time Test
10(1)
Deductible Moving Expenses
11(1)
Classifying and Reporting the Moving Expense Deduction
12(2)
Home Office Expenses
14(6)
Requirements for Deductibility
14(3)
Amount Deductible
17(1)
Daycare and Storage Use
18(1)
Residential Phone Service
19(1)
Transportation Expenses
20(7)
Deductible Transportation versus Nondeductible Commuting
21(4)
Computing Car Expenses
25(2)
Classification of Transportation and Travel Expenses
27(1)
Travel Expenses
27(6)
Away-from-Home Test
27(2)
Combined Business and Pleasure Travel
29(3)
Foreign Conventions
32(1)
Cruise Ships
32(1)
Entertainment Expenses
33(9)
Deduction Requirements
34(3)
Entertainment Facilities
37(1)
Exceptions to Directly-Related-to and Associated-with Tests
38(1)
Fifty Percent Limitation on Entertainment and Meal Expenses
38(2)
Limitations on Deductions for Tickets
40(1)
Business Gifts
41(1)
Travel and Entertainment Record Keeping Requirements
42(3)
Reporting Business Expenses and Losses
45(8)
Sole Proprietors and Self-Employed Persons
45(2)
Employees
47(6)
Tax Planning Considerations
53(1)
Moving Expenses
53(1)
Travel and Entertainment Expenses
53(1)
Problem Materials
54
Capital Recovery: Depreciation, Amortization, and Depletion
Depreciation and Amortization for Tax Purposes
3(2)
General Rules for Depreciation Deductions
3(1)
Historical Perspective
4(1)
Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System
5(35)
An Overview of MACRS
5(1)
Property Subject to MACRS
6(1)
Classes of Property
7(3)
Calculating Depreciation
10(8)
Other Methods
18(3)
Changes in Depreciation
21(2)
Limited Expensing Election: Code § 179
23(3)
Limitations for Automobiles
26(6)
Limitations for Personal Use
32(7)
Other Considerations
39(1)
Amortization
40(2)
Goodwill and Covenants Not to Compete
41(1)
Five-Year Elective Amortization
42(1)
Leasehold Improvements
42(1)
Depletion
42(3)
Computing the Depletion Deduction
43(2)
Research and Experimental Expenditures
45(2)
Research and Experimental Expenditures Defined
45(1)
Alternative Tax Treatments
46(1)
Other Related Provisions
47(1)
Expenses of Farmers and Ranchers
47(2)
Expenses Related to Livestock
47(1)
Soil and Water Conservation, Fertilizer, Land Clearing
48(1)
Development Expenses
48(1)
Tax Planning Considerations
49(2)
Depreciation and After-Tax Cash Flow
49(1)
Accelerating Depreciation with Cost Segregation
50(1)
Goodwill Amortization Rule Benefits Buyers and Sellers
51(1)
Problem Materials
51
Certain Business Deductions and Losses
Bad Debts
2(6)
Treatment of Business Versus Nonbusiness Bad Debts
3(2)
General Requirements
5(1)
Deduction Methods
6(2)
Casualty and Theft Losses
8(6)
General Rules
8(1)
Casualty and Theft Defined
8(1)
Loss Computation
9(2)
Casualty Gains and Losses
11(1)
Year Deductible
12(2)
Net Operating Losses
14(6)
Carryback and Carryforward Years
15(1)
Net Operating Loss Computation
16(3)
Recomputing Taxable Income for Year to Which Net Operating Loss is Carried
19(1)
Inventories
20(18)
Exceptions to the Inventory Requirement
22(2)
Inventory Accounting in General
24(1)
Costs to be Inventoried
24(3)
Allocating Inventoriable Costs
27(1)
Dollar Value Lifo
28(3)
The Lifo Election
31(1)
Lower of Cost or Market
32(1)
Qualified Production Activities Deduction
33(5)
Tax Planning Considerations
38(1)
Casualty and Theft Losses
38(1)
Bad Debts
39(1)
Net Operating Losses
39(1)
Problem Materials
39
Itemized Deductions
Medical Expenses
3(11)
In General
3(2)
When Deductible
5(1)
Deduction Limitations
5(1)
Special Items and Equipment
6(1)
Special Care Facilities
7(1)
Long-Term Care Costs
8(1)
Medical Travel and Transportation
8(1)
Medical Insurance Costs and Reimbursements
9(1)
Health Savings Accounts and Medical Savings Accounts
10(3)
Health Insurance Costs of Self-Employed Taxpayers
13(1)
Personal Casualty and Theft Losses
14(1)
Year Deductible
14(1)
Reporting Casualty Losses
14(1)
Taxes
14(7)
General Requirements for Deductibility
15(1)
Income Taxes
16(1)
Property Taxes
17(2)
Deduction for State and Local General Sales Tax
19(1)
Reporting Deductions for Taxes
20(1)
Interest Expense
21(15)
Limitations on Deductions of Interest Expense
21(9)
Classification of Interest Expense
30(4)
When Deductible
34(1)
Where Reported
35(1)
Charitable Contributions
36(10)
Deduction Requirements
36(2)
Limitations on Deductions
38(7)
Contribution Carryovers
45(1)
Miscellaneous Itemized Deductions
46(2)
Other Itemized Deductions
47(1)
Deduction Cutback Rule
48(2)
Tax Planning Considerations
50(2)
Maximizing Personal Deductions
50(1)
Medical Expenses
51(1)
Charitable Contributions
51(1)
Miscellaneous Deductions
52(1)
Problem Materials
52
Deductions for Certain Investment Expenses and Losses
Introduction to Tax Shelters
2(5)
Structure of the Tax Shelter
3(1)
Elements of a Tax Shelter
3(4)
At-Risk Rules
7(3)
At-Risk Computation
7(3)
Passive Activity Loss Limitations
10(15)
General Rule
10(3)
Taxpayers Subject to Limitations
13(1)
Passive Activities
14(1)
Definition of an Activity
15(3)
Rental versus Nonrental Activities
18(2)
Material Participation
20(4)
Recharacterized Passive Income
24(1)
Passive-Activity Interest Expense
25(3)
Rental of Residence (Vacation Home Rentals)
28(7)
Basic Rules
28(3)
Allocation of Expenses
31(4)
Problem Materials
35
Part IV ALTERNATIVE MINIMUM TAX AND TAX CREDITS
The Alternative Minimum Tax and Tax Credits
Introduction
2(1)
Alternative Minimum Tax
3(23)
Policy Objectives
3(1)
Overview of AMT
4(1)
AMT Rates and Exemptions
5(2)
Adjustments and Tax Preference Items in General
7(1)
AMT Adjustments
8(1)
AMT Adjustments Applicable to All Taxpayers
8(3)
AMT Adjustments Applicable only to Individuals
11(3)
Adjustment Applicable only to Corporations
14(1)
Special Tax Shelter Loss Adjustments
15(1)
Tax Preference Items
16(2)
Alternative Minimum Tax Computations
18(3)
Minimum Tax Credit
21(5)
Income Tax Credits
26(19)
Overview of Tax Credits
27(2)
General Business Credit
29(1)
Investment Credit
29(4)
Work Opportunity Credit
33(1)
Welfare to Work Credit
34(1)
Alcohol Fuel Credit
35(1)
Research and Experimental (R&E) Credit
35(3)
Low-Income Housing Credit
38(1)
Disabled Access Credit
39(1)
Empowerment Zone Employment Credit
40(1)
Credit for Employer-Provided Child-Care
41(1)
Other Components of the General Business Credit
41(2)
General Business Credit Carryover Rules
43(1)
Foreign Tax Credit
44(1)
Credit for Qualified Electric Vehicles
45(1)
Nonbusiness Credits
45(13)
Child Tax Credit
45(1)
Child and Dependent Care Credit
46(5)
Education Credits
51(4)
Credit for Adoption Expenses
55(2)
Credit for the Elderly and Permanently Disabled
57(1)
Credit for Interest on Certain Home Mortgages
57(1)
Refundable Credits
58(7)
Tax Withheld at the Source
58(1)
Earned Income Credit
59(3)
Refundable Child Tax Credits
62(3)
Other Refundable Credits
65(1)
Problem Materials
65
Part V PROPERTY TRANSACTIONS
Property Transactions: Basis Determination and Recognition of Gain or Loss
Determination of Gain or Loss
2(4)
Introduction
2(1)
General Rule of Recognition
3(1)
Computing Amount Realized
4(2)
Basis Determination Rules
6(5)
Property Acquired by Purchase
6(1)
Property Acquired by Gift
7(2)
Property Acquired from a Decedent
9(1)
Property Acquired in a Nontaxable Exchange
10(1)
Property Converted from Personal Use to Business Use
10(1)
Property Converted from Business Use to Personal Use
11(1)
Adjustments to Basis
11(1)
Effect of Liabilities on Amount Realized
11(2)
Concepts Related to Realization and Recognition
13(5)
Sale or Other Disposition
13(4)
Allocations of Purchase Price and Basis
17(1)
Installment Sale Method
18(8)
General Rules
18(1)
Election out of Installment Reporting
19(1)
Gain Reported under the Installment Method
20(3)
Limitations on Certain Installment Sales
23(3)
Reporting Gain on Installment Sales
26(1)
Disallowed Losses
26(2)
Wash Sales
27(1)
Sales Between Related Parties
27(1)
Tax Planning Considerations
28(2)
Gift versus Bequest
28(1)
Charitable Transfers Involving Property other than Cash
29(1)
Changes in the Use of Property
29(1)
Sales to Related Parties
30(1)
Use of Installment Sales
30(1)
Problem Materials
30
Nontaxable Exchanges
Introduction
2(1)
Types of Nontaxable Exchanges
3(1)
Sale of a Personal Residence
3(10)
Computation of Basis of Residence and Gain or Loss Realized
4(1)
Section 121 Exclusion of Gain
5(2)
Frequency Limitation: One Sale Every Two Years
7(1)
Exceptions to Ownership, Use and Frequency Tests
7(6)
Involuntary Conversions
13(9)
Involuntary Conversion Defined
14(1)
Replacement Property
15(2)
Replacement Period
17(1)
Election Required
18(1)
Amount of Gain Recognized
19(3)
Like-Kind Exchanges
22(15)
Qualified Property
23(1)
Like-Kind Property
23(3)
Receipt of Property Not of a Like-Kind (Boot)
26(3)
Basis in Property Received
29(3)
Exchange Requirement
32(2)
Treatment Mandatory
34(1)
Holding Period
34(3)
Other Nontaxable Transactions
37(1)
Changes in Form of Doing Business
37(1)
Certain Exchanges of Stock in Same Corporation
37(1)
Certain Exchanges of U.S. Obligations
37(1)
Repossession of Real Property
37(1)
Certain Exchanges of Insurance Policies
38(1)
Tax Planning Considerations
38(1)
Current Recognition versus Deferral
38(1)
Current Gain Resulting in Future Reductions
38(1)
Section 121 Considerations
38(1)
Importance of Capital Budgeting in Decision Making
39(1)
Problem Materials
39
Property Transactions: Capital Gains and Losses
General Requirements for Capital Gain
4(1)
Capital Assets
4(3)
Definition of a Capital Asset
4(1)
Inventory
5(1)
Disposition of a Business
6(1)
Sale or Exchange Requirement
7(3)
Worthless and Abandoned Property
7(2)
Certain Casualties and Thefts
9(1)
Other Transactions
9(1)
Holding Period
10(3)
Stock Exchange Transactions
10(1)
Special Rules and Exceptions
11(2)
Treatment of Capital Gains and Losses
13(12)
The Process in General
13(1)
Netting Process
14(4)
Dividends Taxed at Capital Gain Rates
18(1)
Corporate Taxpayers
19(1)
Calculating the Tax
20(4)
Reporting Capital Gains and Losses
24(1)
Capital Gain Treatment Extended to Certain Transactions
25(1)
Patents
25(1)
Lease Cancellation Payments
26(1)
Incentives for Investments in Small Businesses
26(4)
Losses on Small Business Stock: § 1244
26(1)
Qualified Small Business Stock (§ 1202 Stock)
27(3)
Rollover of Gain on Certain Publicly Traded Securities
30(1)
Dealers and Developers
30(2)
Dealers in Securities
30(1)
Subdivided Real Estate
31(1)
Other Related Provisions
32(4)
Nonbusiness Bad Debts
32(1)
Franchise Agreements, Trademarks, and Trade Names
32(1)
Short Sales
33(1)
Options
34(2)
Corporate Bonds and Other Indebtedness
36(5)
Original Issue Discount
37(2)
Market Discount
39(1)
Conversion Transactions
40(1)
Bond Premium
40(1)
Tax Planning Considerations
41(1)
Timing of Capital Asset Transactions
41(1)
Section 1244 Stock
42(1)
Problem Materials
42
Property Transactions: Dispositions of Trade or Business Property
Introduction
2(1)
Section 1231
2(13)
Historical Perspective
2(1)
Section 1231 Property
3(1)
Other § 1231 Property
4(3)
Section 1231 Netting Process
7(4)
Look-Back Rule
11(1)
Applicability of Lower Rates
12(3)
Depreciation Recapture
15(21)
Historical Perspective
15(1)
When Applicable
16(1)
Types of Depreciation Recapture
16(1)
Full Recapture---§ 1245
16(3)
Partial Recapture---§ 1250
19(9)
Additional Recapture---Corporations
28(6)
Other Recapture Provisions
34(2)
Related Business Issues
36(1)
Installment Sales of Trade or Business Property
36(1)
Intangible Business Assets
37(1)
Dispositions of Business Assets and the Self-Employment Tax
37(1)
Tax Planning Considerations
37(3)
Timing of Sales and Other Dispositions
37(1)
Selecting Depreciation Methods
38(1)
Installment Sales
39(1)
Sales of Businesses
39(1)
Dispositions of Business Assets and the Self-Employment Tax
39(1)
Problem Materials
40
Part VI EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION AND TAXATION OF BUSINESS FORMS
Employee Compensation and Retirement Plans
Introduction
2(1)
Taxation of Current Compensation
3(1)
Statutory Fringe Benefits
3(1)
Deferred Compensation
4(1)
Receipt of Property for Services
5(1)
General Rule of § 83
5(1)
The § 83(B) Election
6(1)
Qualified Retirement Plans for Corporations
6(8)
Tax Benefits of Qualified Plans
7(1)
Taxability of Qualified Plan Lump-Sum Distributions
8(1)
Additional Taxes on Premature or Excess Distributions
9(1)
Rollover Contribution
9(1)
Plan Loans
10(1)
Types of Qualified Plans
11(3)
Qualification Requirements
14(5)
Existence of a Qualified Trust
14(1)
Antidiscrimination Rules
14(1)
Scope of Plan Participation and Coverage
15(1)
Vesting Requirements and Forfeitures
16(1)
Funding and Contribution Limitations
17(1)
Top Heavy Plans
18(1)
Deductibility of Contributions by Employer
18(1)
Determination Letters
19(1)
Qualified Plans for Self-Employed Individuals
19(2)
Contribution Limitations
20(1)
Qualified Plans for Employees
21(12)
Cash or Deferred Arrangements [§ 401(K) Plans]
21(3)
Individual Retirement Accounts
24(1)
Traditional IRA
24(5)
Roth Iras
29(1)
Education IRAs (Coverdell Education Savings Accounts)
30(2)
Simplified Employee Pensions
32(1)
Retirement Planning Using Nonqualified Deferred Compensation
33(4)
Constructive Receipt
33(1)
Treatment of Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plans
34(1)
Unfunded Deferred Compensation Plans
35(1)
Funded Deferred Compensation Plans
36(1)
Stock Options
37(1)
Option Exercise
37(1)
Incentive Stock Options
38(3)
Holding Period Requirements
38(1)
Qualification Requirements
39(1)
Nonqualified Stock Options
40(1)
Stock Appreciation Rights
41(1)
Tax Planning Considerations
41(4)
Planning for Retirement Income
42(1)
Advantages of IRAs
42(1)
Spousal IRAs
43(1)
What Is an Active Participant?
43(1)
Making a Nondeductible Contribution to an IRA
44(1)
Problem Materials
45
Taxation of Business Forms and Their Owners
Sole Proprietorships
2(3)
Partnerships
5(8)
Taxation of Partnership Operations
6(5)
Transactions Between Partnership and Partners
11(2)
S Corporations
13(2)
Election of S Corporation Status
14(1)
Making the S Election
14(1)
Taxation of S Corporation Operations
14(1)
Transactions Between an S Corporation and Its Shareholders
15(1)
C Corporations
15(15)
Taxation of Corporate Operations in General
20(2)
Differences Between Corporate and Individual Taxation
22(8)
Formation of a Business
30(4)
Formation of a Sole Proprietorship
30(1)
Formation of Partnerships
31(1)
Formation of Corporations
32(2)
Problem Materials
34
APPENDICES AND INDEX
Appendix A: Tax Rate Schedules and Tables
1(1)
Appendix B: Tax Forms
1(1)
Appendix C: Modified ACRS and Original ACRS Tables
1(1)
Appendix D: Table of Cases Cited
1(1)
Appendix E: Table of Code Sections Cited
1(1)
Appendix F: Table of Regulations Cited
1(1)
Appendix G: Table of Revenue Procedures and Revenue Rulings Cited
1(1)
Appendix H: Glossary of Tax Terms
1(1)
Appendix I: Two Individual Comprehensive Tax Return Problems for 2005
1(1)
Index: 1

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