Indo-European Language and Culture

by Benjamin W. Fortson (University of Michigan)

• ISBN13: 9781405103169
• ISBN10: 1405103167
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-11-01
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction provides a comprehensive overview of comparative Indo-European linguistics and the branches of the Indo-European language family, covering both linguistic and cultural material. The book opens by introducing the comparative method of linguistic reconstruction and discussing the culture and homeland of the Indo-Europeans. There follow thorough overviews of the phonology, morphology, and syntax of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European. Each branchrs"s development from ancient to modern times is outlined, and illustrative text samples given along with translations and etymological commentary. All chapters contain exercises and suggestions for further reading, and the volume closes with a glossary, bibliography, and comprehensive word and subject indexes.

Author Biography

Benjamin W. Fortson IV is Assistant Professor of Greek and Latin Language, Literature, and Historical Linguistics in the Department of Classical Studies at the University of Michigan. His research interests include the history of Greek and Latin, comparative Indo-European linguistics, metrics and poetics, and Roman comedy.

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations	xi
Preface	xii
Acknowledgments	xv
Guide to the Reader	xvii
Introduction: The Comparative Method and the Indo-European Family	1	(15)
The Study of Language Relationships and the Comparative Method (§§1.1--12)	1	(7)
Indo-European Historical Linguistics (§§1.13--18)	8	(4)
Conclusion (§§1.19--21)	12	(2)
For Further Reading	14	(1)
For Review	14	(1)
Exercises	15	(1)
Proto-Indo-European Culture and Archaeology	16	(32)
Introduction (§§2.1--2)	16	(1)
Society (§§2.3--16)	17	(5)
Religion, Ritual, and Myth (§§2.17--36)	22	(7)
Poetics (§§2.37--45)	29	(5)
Personal Names (§§2.46--49)	34	(1)
Archaeology and the PIE Homeland Question (§§2.50--73)	35	(9)
For Further Reading	44	(1)
For Review	45	(1)
Exercises	45	(3)
Proto-Indo-European Phonology	48	(21)
Introduction (§3.1)	48	(1)
Consonants (§§3.2--25)	48	(12)
Vowels (§§3.26--32)	60	(2)
Phonological Rules (§§3.33--44)	62	(4)
For Further Reading	66	(1)
For Review	66	(1)
Exercises	66	(3)
Proto-Indo-European Morphology: Introduction	69	(12)
The Root and Indo-European Morphophonemics (§4.1)	69	(1)
The Root (§§4.2--11)	70	(3)
Ablaut (§§4.12--19)	73	(3)
Morphological Categories of PIE (§§4.20--24)	76	(2)
For Further Reading	78	(1)
For Review	79	(1)
Exercises	79	(2)
The Verb	81	(21)
The Structure of the PIE Verb (§§5.1--10)	81	(2)
Personal Endings (§§5.11--15)	83	(4)
The Present Stem (§§5.16--40)	87	(5)
The Aorist Stem (§§5.41--46)	92	(1)
The Perfect Stem (§§5.47--49)	93	(2)
Moods (§§5.50--53)	95	(1)
Non-finite Verbal Formations and Other Topics (§§5.54--59)	96	(3)
For Further Reading	99	(1)
For Review	99	(1)
Exercises	100	(2)
The Noun	102	(24)
Introduction (§§6.1--3)	102	(1)
Athematic Nouns (§§6.4--42)	103	(10)
Thematic Nouns (§§6.43--67)	113	(5)
The Collective and the Feminine (§§6.68--71)	118	(2)
Adjectives (§§6.72--81)	120	(2)
Nominal Composition and Other Topics (§§6.82--87)	122	(1)
For Further Reading	123	(1)
For Review	124	(1)
Exercises	124	(2)
Pronouns and Other Parts of Speech	126	(11)
Pronouns: Introduction (§7.1)	126	(1)
Personal Pronouns (§§7.2--7)	126	(3)
Other Pronouns and the Pronominal Declension (§§7.8--13)	129	(1)
Numerals (§§7.14--21)	130	(2)
Adverbs (§§7.22--24)	132	(1)
Prepositions and Postpositions (§7.25)	133	(1)
Conjunctions and Interjections (§§7.26--29)	134	(1)
For Further Reading	135	(1)
Exercises	136	(1)
Proto-Indo-European Syntax	137	(17)
Introduction (§§8.1--5)	137	(2)
Syntax of the Phrase (§§8.6--11)	139	(2)
Syntax of the Clause (§§8.12--30)	141	(8)
Phrase and Sentence Prosody and the Interaction of Syntax and Phonology (§§8.31--36)	149	(3)
For Further Reading	152	(1)
For Review	152	(1)
Exercises	152	(2)
Anatolian	154	(26)
Introduction (§§9.1--4)	154	(2)
From PIE to Common Anatolian (§§9.5--14)	156	(2)
Hittite (§§9.15--44)	158	(9)
Luvian (§§9.45--57)	167	(4)
Palaic (§§9.58--60)	171	(1)
Lycian (§§9.61--69)	172	(3)
Lydian (§§9.70--74)	175	(1)
Carian, Pisidian, and Sidetic (§9.75)	176	(1)
For Further Reading	177	(1)
For Review	177	(1)
Exercises	177	(1)
PIE Vocabulary I: Man, Woman, Kinship	178	(2)
Indo-Iranian I: Indic	180	(23)
Introduction to Indo-Iranian (§§10.1--4)	180	(1)
From PIE to Indo-Iranian (§§10.5--19)	181	(2)
Indic (Indo-Aryan) (§§10.20--22)	183	(1)
Sanskrit (§§10.23--51)	184	(12)
Middle Indic (§§10.52--57)	196	(2)
Modern (New) Indo-Aryan (§§10.58--63)	198	(1)
For Further Reading	199	(1)
For Review	200	(1)
Exercises	200	(2)
PIE Vocabulary II: Animals	202	(1)
Indo-Iranian II: Iranian	203	(19)
Introduction (§§11.1--8)	203	(1)
Avestan (§§11.9--25)	204	(6)
Old Persian (§§11.26--34)	210	(4)
Middle and Modern Iranian (§§11.35--51)	214	(4)
For Further Reading	218	(1)
For Review	219	(1)
Exercises	219	(1)
PIE Vocabulary III: Food and Agriculture	220	(2)
Greek	222	(23)
Introduction (§§12.1--8)	222	(3)
From PIE to Greek (§§12.9--53)	225	(10)
Greek after the Classical Period (§§12.54--57)	235	(2)
The Philology of Homer and Its Pitfalls (§§12.58--67)	237	(4)
For Further Reading	241	(1)
For Review	242	(1)
Exercises	242	(2)
PIE Vocabulary IV: The Body	244	(1)
Italic	245	(29)
Introduction (§§13.1--5)	245	(3)
From PIE to Italic (§§13.6--23)	248	(4)
Latino-Faliscan (§13.24)	252	(1)
Latin (§§13.25--53)	252	(10)
Faliscan (§§13.54--55)	262	(1)
Sabellic (Osco-Umbrian) (§§13.56--63)	263	(2)
Umbrian (§§13.64--71)	265	(2)
South Picene (§§13.72--73)	267	(1)
Oscan (§§13.74--77)	268	(1)
Other Sabellic Languages (§§13.78--79)	269	(1)
For Further Reading	269	(1)
For Review	270	(1)
Exercises	270	(3)
PIE Vocabulary V: Body Functions and States	273	(1)
Celtic	274	(26)
Introduction (§§14.1--3)	274	(1)
From PIE to Celtic (§§14.4--11)	275	(2)
Continental Celtic (§§14.12--19)	277	(3)
Insular Celtic (§§14.20--27)	280	(2)
Goidelic: Old Irish and Its Descendants (§§14.28--50)	282	(8)
Scottish Gaelic and Manx (§§14.51--52)	290	(1)
Brittonic (§§14.53--56)	291	(1)
Welsh (§§14.57--61)	292	(2)
Breton (§§14.62--68)	294	(2)
Cornish (§§14.69--72)	296	(1)
For Further Reading	297	(1)
For Review	298	(1)
Exercises	298	(1)
PIE Vocabulary VI: Natural Environment	299	(1)
Germanic	300	(37)
Introduction (§§15.1--4)	300	(1)
From PIE to Germanic (§§15.5--32)	301	(8)
Runic (§§15.33--36)	309	(2)
East Germanic (§15.37)	311	(1)
Gothic (§§15.38--45)	312	(3)
West Germanic (§§15.46--48)	315	(1)
Old English (§§15.49--61)	316	(4)
Middle and Modern English (§§15.62--66)	320	(2)
Old High German (§§15.67--76)	322	(4)
Old Saxon (§§15.77--80)	326	(1)
Dutch and Frisian (§§15.81--83)	327	(1)
North Germanic: Old Norse and Scandinavian (§§15.84--103)	328	(5)
For Further Reading	333	(1)
For Review	334	(1)
Exercises	334	(2)
PIE Vocabulary VII: Position and Motion	336	(1)
Armenian	337	(14)
Introduction (§§16.1--11)	337	(3)
From PIE to Classical Armenian (§§16.12--43)	340	(9)
For Further Reading	349	(1)
For Review	349	(1)
Exercises	349	(1)
PIE Vocabulary VIII: Material Culture and Technology	350	(1)
Tocharian	351	(13)
Introduction (§§17.1--6)	351	(2)
From PIE to Tocharian (§§17.7--33)	353	(9)
For Further Reading	362	(1)
For Review	362	(1)
Exercises	362	(1)
PIE Vocabulary IX: Form and Size	363	(1)
Balto-Slavic	364	(26)
Introduction (§18.1)	364	(1)
From PIE to Balto-Slavic (§§18.2--13)	365	(3)
Slavic (§§18.14--32)	368	(5)
Old Church Slavonic (§§18.33--35)	373	(2)
Modern Slavic Languages (§§18.36--48)	375	(3)
Baltic (§§18.49--60)	378	(3)
Lithuanian (§§18.61--65)	381	(2)
Latvian (§§18.66--67)	383	(2)
Old Prussian (§§18.68--70)	385	(2)
For Further Reading	387	(1)
For Review	387	(1)
Exercises	387	(2)
PIE Vocabulary X: Time	389	(1)
Albanian	390	(10)
Introduction (§§19.1--5)	390	(2)
From PIE to Albanian (§§19.6--26)	392	(6)
For Further Reading	398	(1)
Exercises	398	(1)
PIE Vocabulary XI: Utterance	399	(1)
Fragmentary Languages	400	(12)
Introduction (§§20.1--2)	400	(1)
Phrygian (§§20.3--9)	401	(3)
Thracian (§§20.10--11)	404	(1)
Macedonian (§20.12)	404	(1)
Illyrian (§§20.13--15)	405	(1)
Venetic (§§20.16--20)	406	(1)
Messapic (§§20.21--22)	407	(1)
Lusitanian (§20.23)	408	(1)
For Further Reading	409	(1)
Exercises	409	(2)
PIE Vocabulary XII: Basic Physical Acts	411	(1)
Glossary	412	(4)
Bibliography	416	(11)
Index	427