Industrial Biotransformations

by Liese, Andreas; Seelbach, Karsten; Wandrey, Christian

• ISBN13: 9783527310012
• ISBN10: 3527310010
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-03-31
• Publisher: Wiley-VCH

Summary

The completely revised second edition of this user-friendly and application-oriented overview of one-step biotransformations of industrial importance.Based on extensive literature and patent research, this book is unique in arranging each process in a systematic way to allow for easy comparison. All the chapters have been rewritten, with all the processes updated and more than 30 new processes added. Each set of data is accompanied by key literature citations, supported by flow sheets where available, reduced to their significant elements. In addition, an extensive index classified by substrates, products, enzymes, and companies provides direct access to each process, organized according to enzyme class. Biotechnologists, biochemists, microbiologists, process engineers and those working in the chemical and biotechnological industries will find here all the significant parameters characterizing both the biotransformation and the process.

Author Biography

<b>Andreas Liese</b> studied chemistry at Friedrich-Wilhelms-University in Bonn, Germany, where he received his PhD in 1998. He carried out his doctoral research at the Research Center J&amp;uuml;lich, Germany, in close collaboration with DSM Research, Netherlands. From 1998 to 2003, he was assistant professor at the University of Bonn and at the same time head of the Enzyme Group within the Institute of Biotechnology II, Research Center J&amp;uuml;lich. During a sabbatical in 2000 at Pfizer Global Research &amp; Development, San Diego, USA, he initiated a R&amp;D group on biocatalysis. From 2003 to 2004 he was associate professor at the University of M&amp;uuml;nster, and has been a full professor of technical biochemistry/biocatalysis at the Hamburg University of Technology as well as director at the Institute of Technical Biocatalysis since 2004. In 2003 he received the award for up-and-coming teachers in higher education in the field of biotechnology, awarded by DECHEMA, Germany. Professor Liese is a member of the "Biotechnology" steering committee of the DECHEMA e.V. and his special research interests are bioprocess engineering, enzyme technology and asymmetric biochemical synthesis. <p> <b>Karsten Seelbach</b> has been working as manager of the Supply Chain Department at Siegwerk Druckfarben AG since the end of 2002. He graduated from Bonn University, Germany, in chemistry / biotechnology in 1997. Before joining McKinsey as a senior consultant in 2001 he worked at Degussa AG in the Process Technology department, focusing on reaction kinetics, process optimization and up-scaling of reactions to production. Karsten Seelbach holds several patents, has published several journal papers, and is co-author of a book on industrial biotransformations. <p> <b>Christian Wandrey</b> carried out his doctoral research at the University of Hanover, receiving his PhD there in 1973, and where he was assistant professor from 1974 to 1977. Thereafter, he worked as associated professor at the University of Clausthal until 1979, when he was made Full Professor of Biotechnology/Chemical Engineering at the University of Bonn and Director at the Institute of Biotechnology at the Research Center J&amp;uuml;lich, posts he still holds today.<br> Professor Wandrey is a recipient of the Technology-Transfer Prize, the Philip Morris Award, the Enzyme Engineering Award, and the Carl-Friedrich-Gauss-Medaille as well as the W&amp;ouml;hler Award. He has more than 300 scientific publications, 100 patents and patent applications, plus over 400 seminars to his name, and is the co-initiator of four start-up companies.<br> His special research interests are enzyme technology, fermentation technology, and downstream processing.

Table of Contents

Preface to the first edition	ix
Preface to the second edition	xi
List of Contributors	xii
History of Industrial Biotransformations -- Dreams and Realities	1	(36)
Durda Vasic-Racki
From the ``Flower of Vinegar'' to Recombinant E. Coli -- The History of Microbial Biotransformations	1	(10)
From Gastric Juice to SweetzymeT -- The History of Enzymatic Biotransformations	11	(12)
From Wine Bottle to a State-of-the-Art Facility -- The History of Biochemical Engineering	23	(6)
Advantages of Biotransformations Over Classical Chemistry-Enzymes are proteins, things of beauty and a joy forever	29	(8)
The Enzyme Classification	37	(26)
Christoph Hoh
Murillo Villela Filho
Enzyme Nomenclature	37	(2)
Enzyme Classes	39	(24)
EC 1 Oxidoreductases	40	(6)
EC 2 Transferases	46	(3)
EC 3 Hydrolases	49	(5)
EC 3 Lyases	54	(2)
EC 5 Isomerases	56	(3)
EC 6 Ligases	59	(4)
Retrosynthetic Biocatalysis	63	(30)
Junhua Tao
Alan Pettman
Andreas Liese
Alkanes	63	(1)
Alkenes	64	(1)
Amines	64	(1)
Alcohols	65	(2)
Aldehydes	67	(1)
Ketones	68	(1)
Epoxides	68	(1)
Diols	69	(1)
Carboxylic Acids	70	(2)
Esters	72	(1)
Amides	72	(1)
Imines	73	(1)
Amino Acids	74	(3)
Hydroxy Acids	77	(2)
α-Hydroxy Ketones	79	(1)
β-Hydroxy Aldehydes, Ketones or Carboxylic Acids	80	(1)
Cyanohydrins, Hemithioacetals and Hemiaminals	81	(1)
Sulfoxides and Sulfones	82	(1)
Halides	82	(1)
Aromatics (Ring Functionalization)	83	(1)
Cyclic Compounds	84	(1)
Carbohydrates	84	(1)
Peroxides	85	(1)
Isomers	85	(1)
Examples of Retrosynthetic Biotransformations	86	(7)
Example 1	86	(1)
Example 2	87	(6)
Optimization of Industrial Enzymes by Molecular Engineering	93	(22)
Thorsten Eggert
Introduction	93	(2)
Learning from Nature	95	(1)
Enzyme Production Using Bacterial Expression Hosts	95	(3)
Improvements to Enzymes by Molecular Engineering Techniques	98	(7)
Rational Enzyme Design	98	(2)
Directed Evolution	100	(2)
Random Mutagenesis Methods	102	(3)
Identification of Improved Enzyme Variants	105	(3)
Conclusions and Future Prospects	108	(7)
Basics of Bioreaction Engineering	115	(32)
Nagaraj N. Rao
Stephan Lutz
Karsten Seelbach
Andreas Liese
Definitions	116	(8)
Process Definitions	116	(5)
Definitions of Unit Operations	121	(3)
Biocatalyst Kinetics	124	(6)
Types of Biocatalysts	124	(1)
Enzyme Structure	124	(1)
Kinetics	125	(5)
Basic Reactor Types and their Modes of Operation	130	(5)
Mass and Energy Balances	133	(2)
Biocatalyst Recycling and Recovery	135	(5)
Entrapment	137	(2)
Cross-linking	139	(1)
Covalent Binding	139	(1)
Membrane Filtration	140	(1)
Reaction Parameters	140	(1)
Scale-up of Bioreactors	141	(1)
Recent Developments and Trends	141	(6)
Processes	147	(368)
Andreas Liese
Karsten Seelbach
Arne Buchholz
Jurgen Haberland
Oxireductases EC 1	153	(111)
Transferases EC 2	264	(9)
Hydrolases EC 3	273	(174)
Lyases EC 4	447	(56)
Isomerases EC 5	503	(12)
Quantitative Analysis of Industrial Biotransformation	515	(6)
Adrie J. J. Straathof
Index
Index of enzyme name	521	(5)
Index of strain	526	(5)
Index of company	531	(5)
Index of starting material	536	(9)
Index of product	545