The Informed Argument Text With Infotrac

by Yagelski, Robert P.; Miller, Robert Keith

• ISBN13: 9780155069831
• ISBN10: 0155069837
• Additional ISBN(s): 9780155038097, 9781413016116
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-10-03
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

Praised for the way it introduces students to the elements of argument, the sixth edition offers more complete coverage of the Toulmin model, a new focus on problem solving, and a section on visual argument.

Author Biography

Robert P. Yagelski: State University of New York at Albany Robert K. Miller: University of St. Thomas Amy J. Crouse-Powers: State University of New York at Oneonta

Table of Contents

An Introduction to Argument	p. 1
What Is an Argument?	p. 4
Why Learn to Write Effective Arguments?	p. 6
The Purposes of Argument	p. 8
Arguments to Assert	p. 11
Arguments to Inquire	p. 13
Arguments to Dominate	p. 16
Arguments to Negotiate and Reconcile	p. 18
Strategies for Argument	p. 22
Logical Arguments	p. 24
Reasoning Inductively	p. 25
Reasoning Deductively	p. 26
The Syllogism	p. 28
The Enthymeme	p. 29
Cultural Differences in Logical Arguments	p. 30
The Toulmin Model of Argumentation	p. 31
Understanding Claims and Warrants	p. 32
Evaluating Claims and Warrants	p. 33
Fallacies	p. 35
Appealing to Pity	p. 36
Appealing to Prejudice	p. 36
Appealing to Tradition	p. 37
Arguing by Analogy	p. 37
Attacking the Character of Opponents	p. 37
Attributing False Causes	p. 38
Attributing Guilt by Association	p. 38
Begging the Question	p. 38
Equivocating	p. 39
Ignoring the Question	p. 39
Jumping to Conclusions	p. 39
Opposing a Straw Man	p. 39
Presenting a False Dilemma	p. 40
Reasoning That Does Not Follow	p. 40
Sliding Down a Slippery Slope	p. 40
Emotional Arguments	p. 41
Character-Based Arguments	p. 43
The Contexts of Argument	p. 52
The Rhetorical Situation	p. 54
Analyzing Your Audience	p. 55
Imagining Your Audience	p. 56
Cultural Context	p. 58
Understanding Culture	p. 58
Considering Culture in Argument	p. 60
Considering Gender	p. 61
Considering Age	p. 63
Considering Sexual Orientation	p. 64
Historical Context	p. 65
The Media for Argument	p. 68
Analyzing Arguments in Print	p. 70
Reading Arguments Critically	p. 70
Evaluating Ethos	p. 73
Appraising Evidence	p. 76
Facts as Evidence	p. 76
Personal Experience as Evidence	p. 78
Authority as Evidence	p. 79
Values as Evidence	p. 80
Presenting Evidence in Visual Form	p. 81
Analyzing Arguments in Visual Media	p. 82
Design and Color	p. 86
Art as Visual Argument	p. 88
Integrating Visual Elements and Text	p. 93
Analyzing Arguments in Electronic Media	p. 97
The Internet	p. 97
Web Sites	p. 99
Online Versions of Print Arguments	p. 99
Hypertextual Web Sites	p. 99
Web Sites as Arguments	p. 103
Online Discussion Forums	p. 105
Radio and Television	p. 110
Constructing Arguments	p. 112
Managing the Composing Process	p. 114
Understanding Composing as Inquiry	p. 114
Defining Your Topic	p. 115
Considering Audience	p. 117
Identifying Your Audience	p. 117
Making Concessions	p. 118
Understanding Audience Expectations	p. 119
How One Student Addresses Her Audience	p. 119
Defining Your Terms	p. 124
Structuring an Argument	p. 125
Classical Arrangement	p. 126
Rogerian Argument	p. 127
Logical Arrangements	p. 132
Inductive Reasoning	p. 132
Deductive Reasoning	p. 134
Using the Toulmin Model	p. 138
Supporting Claims and Presenting Evidence	p. 144
Using Language Effectively	p. 145
Working with Sources
Doing Research	p. 150
Reading Critically	p. 152
Previewing	p. 153
Annotating	p. 154
Summarizing	p. 155
Synthesizing	p. 157
Taking Notes	p. 159
Avoiding Plagiarism	p. 161
Finding Relevant Material	p. 163
Getting Started	p. 163
Avoiding Selective Research	p. 164
Using the Internet	p. 164
Searching for Magazine and Journal Articles	p. 167
Searching for Newspaper Articles	p. 170
Using Abstracting Services	p. 173
Looking for Books	p. 173
Conducting Interviews and Surveys	p. 175
Documenting Your Sources	p. 178
Compiling a Preliminary Bibliography	p. 180
Organizing a Research Paper	p. 180
Integrating Source Material into Your Paper	p. 181
Citing Sources	p. 183
Footnotes and Content Notes	p. 184
Parenthetical (In-Text) Documentation	p. 185
The MLA Author/Work Style	p. 186
The APA Author/Year Style	p. 188
Organizing a Bibliography	p. 190
Works Cited in MLA Style	p. 191
References in APA Style	p. 199
Preparing Your Final Draft	p. 207
Negotiating Differences
Ownership	p. 210
Who Owns Words and Ideas?	p. 212
Con-Text: What Is Fair Use?	p. 213
"Standing Up for the Power of Learning"	p. 214
"Heavy Lifting"	p. 219
"What's Yours? (Ownership of Intellectual Property)"	p. 223
"'Let's Roll': You Can Trademark Words but Not Meaning"	p. 228
Who Owns the Body?	p. 232
Con-Text: The Father of Surrogate Parenting	p. 233
"Standing at the Crossroads of Genetic Testing: New Eugenics, Disability Consciousness, and Women's Work"	p. 234
"Designer Babies and Other Fairy Tales"	p. 240
"Adapting to Our Own Engineering"	p. 245
"Victims from Birth"	p. 249
Who Owns Music?	p. 254
Con-Text: The Importance of Music	p. 255
"Free Downloads Play Sweet Music"	p. 256
"Music Dangers and the Case for Control"	p. 261
"Black Is Back"	p. 269
"Empire of the Air"	p. 274
Education	p. 280
What Should Be Taught in Schools?	p. 282
Con-Text: John Dewey on Democracy and Education	p. 283
"Enroll: Why Berkeley Students Should Punish a Teacher by Taking His Class"	p. 284
"Balancing the Academy"	p. 288
"Toward a Radical Feminist Pedagogy"	p. 294
"An Educated and Culturally Literate Person Must Study America's Multicultural Reality"	p. 301
How Should We Determine What Our Children Learn?	p. 306
Con-Text: The Report of the Committee of Ten, 1892	p. 307
"'No' Is the Right Answer"	p. 308
"Tests, Tracking, and Derailment"	p. 312
"Unintended Consequences of High Stakes Testing"	p. 316
"Why So Many Exams? A Marxist Response"	p. 328
How Should We Pay for Education?	p. 336
Con-Text: Horace Mann and Public Education	p. 337
"The Market Can Transform Our Schools"	p. 338
"Flagging Flagships"	p. 342
"Pizza Hut, Domino's, and the Public Schools"	p. 346
"Why I Said No to Coca-Cola"	p. 358
Environments	p. 362
What Is Common Ground?	p. 364
Con-Text: "The Tragedy of the Commons"	p. 365
"In Defense of Hallowed Ground"	p. 366
"Global Commons: But Where Is the Community?"	p. 370
"Rediscovery of the Commons: Managing for the Common Good, Not Just for the Corporate Good"	p. 374
"The Daily We: Is the Internet Really a Blessing for Democracy"	p. 380
How Do We Design Communities?	p. 396
Con-Text: "A Beautiful Place Made Ugly"	p. 397
"A Suburb Grown Up and All Paved Over"	p. 398
"Misplacing the Blame for Our Troubles on 'Flat, Not Tall' Spaces"	p. 402
"So What Can We Do--Really Do--About Sprawl?"	p. 406
"Enough Snickering. Suburbia Is More Complicated and Varied Than We Think"	p. 412
What Is Our Relationship to Nature?	p. 418
Con-Text: Thoreau's Wildness	p. 419
"The Obligation to Endure"	p. 420
"Silent Spring at 40"	p. 427
"In Wildness Is the Preservation of the World"	p. 432
"Values Beyond Price"	p. 443
American National Identity	p. 448
Who Gets to Be an American?	p. 450
Con-Text: "The New Colossus"	p. 451
"By the Time I Get to Cucaracha"	p. 452
"A Nation of Immigrants"	p. 457
"Keep the Borders Open"	p. 463
"Too Many: Looking Today's Immigration in the Face"	p. 468
What Does It Mean to Be a Good American Citizen?	p. 476
Con-Text: John F. Kennedy's Inaugural Address, 1961	p. 477
"Needed: Informed Voters"	p. 478
"Want to Be a Patriot? Do Your Job"	p. 482
"America: Idea or Nation?"	p. 486
"A Patriotic Left"	p. 497
What Kind of Power Should We Give Our Government?	p. 506
Con-Text: "The Declaration of Independence"	p. 507
"Letter From a Birmingham Jail"	p. 508
"Liberties Are a Real Casualty of War"	p. 521
"Databases and Security vs. Privacy"	p. 524
"Why Fear National ID Cards?"	p. 528
Free Enterprise	p. 532
What Is a Free Market?	p. 534
Con-Text: The Wealth of Nations	p. 535
"Greed Despoils Capitalism"	p. 536
"The True Spirit of Enterprise"	p. 539
"The Rebel Sell: If We All Hate Consumerism, How Come We Can't Stop Shopping?"	p. 544
"Economies of Meaning"	p. 553
What Does It Mean to Be a Consumer?	p. 560
Con-Text: "Conspicuous Consumption"	p. 561
"All-Consuming Patriotism: American Flag: $19.95. New Yacht: $75,000. True Patriotism: Priceless"	p. 562
"The Joys of Excess"	p. 567
"Mixed Messages Call for Healthy Skepticism"	p. 572
"The Singer Solution to World Poverty"	p. 576
How Should Workers Be Treated?	p. 584
Con-Text: "Industrial Workers of the World"	p. 585
"Let Them Sweat"	p. 586
"Rugmaking, Interwoven with Social Justice"	p. 589
"Going Down the Road"	p. 593
"Just Another Hollow Day"	p. 597
Globalization	p. 602
Is Globalization Progress?	p. 604
Con-Text: The Marshall Plan	p. 605
"Giving Aid to World Trade"	p. 606
"The March of the Monoculture"	p. 610
"The Living Democracy Movement: Alternatives to the Bankruptcy of Globalisation"	p. 619
"Singing for the Global Community"	p. 628
What Is Fair Trade?	p. 632
Con-Text: Harry Truman and Fair Trade	p. 633
"Free Trade for a Fair, Prosperous World"	p. 634
"Fair Trade: Small Change, Big Difference"	p. 640
"Squeezed to the Last Drop"	p. 647
"Finding Meaning in a Cup of Coffee"	p. 651
How Should We Share the Earth?	p. 656
Con-Text: The Kyoto Protocol	p. 657
"No Margin for Error"	p. 658
"The Global Warming Scapegoat"	p. 662
"Injustice? Duress and the Burnt Church First Nation Fisheries Agreement with Canada"	p. 666
"Stop Energy Eco-Imperialism"	p. 670
Text Credits	p. 676
Photo Credits	p. 686
Index	p. 688
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