Inhabited Information Spaces

by Snowdon, David N.; Churchill, Elizabeth F.; Frecon, Emmanuel; Frecon, Emmanuel

• ISBN13: 9781852337285
• ISBN10: 1852337281
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-01-01
• Publisher: Springer Nature

Summary

In an era when increasing numbers of people are conducting research and interacting with one another through the internet, the study of 'Inhabited Information Spaces' is aimed at encouraging a more fruitful exchange between the users, and the digital data they are accessing. Introducing the new and developing field of Inhabited Information Spaces, this book covers all types of collaborative systems including virtual environments and more recent innovations such as hybrid and augmented real-world systems. Divided into separate sections, each covering a different aspect of Inhabited Information Systems, this book includes: How best to design and construct social work spaces; analysis of how users interact with existing systems, and the technological and sociological challenges designers face; How Inhabited Information Spaces are likely to evolve in the future and the new communities that they will create.

Table of Contents

List of Contributors	xix
Part 1. Introduction	1	(8)
Inhabited Information Spaces: An Introduction	3	(6)
Elizabeth Churchill
David Snowdon
Emmanuel Frecon
Introduction	3	(2)
Chapters in this Volume	5	(3)
Pure Virtual Environments	5	(1)
Mixed Reality Environments	6	(1)
Communication	6	(1)
Construction	7	(1)
Community	8	(1)
Summary	8	(1)
Part 2. Pure Virtual Environments	9	(60)
WWW3D and the Web Planetarium	11	(14)
Marten Stenius
David Snowdon
Introduction	11	(1)
Producing a 3D Representation of a Web Page	12	(1)
Browsing the Web Using WWW3D	13	(3)
Improving Scalability	16	(4)
The Web Planetarium: Creating a Richer Visualisation	20	(4)
Visual Differentiation of Nodes	20	(2)
The Web as a Road Network	22	(1)
Hybrid Browsing	22	(2)
Conclusion	24	(1)
PlaceWorld, and the Evolution of Electronic Landscapes	25	(26)
Steve Pettifer
Jon Cook
James Marsh
Introduction	25	(2)
Background: The Physical and the Abstract	27	(6)
Watching a Cityscape	28	(1)
The Distributed Legible City	29	(2)
Finding ``Something to Do''	31	(2)
Abstract Influences: Nuzzle Afar	33	(1)
PlaceWorld	33	(4)
The Design of PlaceWorld	34	(2)
The User Interface and Presentation System	36	(1)
Technological Challenges for Electronic Landscapes	37	(9)
Synchronising the Behaviour of Entities	39	(1)
Distribution and Communications	40	(1)
Defining the Behaviour of Entities	41	(2)
Methods and Filters	43	(1)
The Distribution Architecture	44	(2)
System Support for PlaceWorld	46	(5)
Menus	46	(1)
Access Model	46	(1)
Exploiting Subjectivity	47	(1)
Becoming a Place Where Places Meet	48	(3)
Conclusions
Using a Pond Metaphor for Information Visualisation and Exploration	51	(18)
Olov Stahl
Anders Wallberg
Introduction	51	(3)
The Pond	54	(4)
The Pond Ecosystem Metaphor	54	(1)
The Pond Example Application	55	(1)
The Hardware Platform	56	(1)
The Software Platform	57	(1)
Interaction	58	(5)
The Pond Audio Environment	63	(1)
Observations from Use	64	(1)
Discussion	65	(3)
Summary and Future Work	68	(1)
Part 3. Mixed Reality Environments	69	(44)
City: A Mixture of Old and New Media	71	(18)
Matthew Chalmers
Introduction	71	(2)
Theory	73	(4)
System	77	(5)
Use	82	(4)
Ongoing and Future Work	86	(2)
Conclusion	88	(1)
Soundscapes	89	(12)
Tony Brooks
Introduction	89	(1)
The Soundscapes System	89	(3)
Therapeutic Uses of Soundscapes	92	(2)
Artistic Performances Based on Soundscapes	94	(5)
Interactive Painting	94	(2)
The Four Senses	96	(3)
Conclusion	99	(2)
The Computational Interplay of Physical Space and Information Space	101	(12)
Enric Plaza
Introduction	101	(1)
The Interplay of Physical and Information Spaces	102	(2)
A Framework for Context-aware Agents	104	(3)
Awareness and Delivery Services	105	(1)
Agents Requirements	105	(2)
The COMRIS Conference Centre	107	(3)
Delivery Service	107	(1)
Awareness Service	108	(1)
Tasks	109	(1)
Conclusions	110	(3)
Part 4. Communication	113	(96)
Communicating in an IIS: Virtual Conferencing	115	(18)
Adrian Bullock
Introduction	115	(1)
Virtual Conferencing -- a Historical Perspective: Past, Present and Future	116	(1)
What Do We Mean by Virtual Conferencing?	117	(1)
Approaches to Virtual Conferencing	117	(7)
Early Videoconferencing	117	(1)
MUDs and MOOs	118	(1)
The Arrival of Graphics	118	(2)
Video Comes of Age	120	(2)
Graphics Come of Age	122	(2)
Using Virtual Conferencing	124	(3)
Understanding Collaboration	124	(1)
The Importance of First Impressions	125	(1)
Sharing Context	125	(1)
Scalability	125	(1)
Real Versus Abstract: The Role of Video?	126	(1)
Virtual Conferencing Versus Telephony	127	(2)
Guidelines for Using Virtual Conferencing Effectively	129	(2)
What Is the Task at Hand?	129	(1)
Communication Media	130	(1)
Infrastructural Support	130	(1)
Final Remarks	131	(2)
Getting the Picture: Enhancing Avatar Representations in Collaborative Virtual Environments	133	(18)
Mike Fraser
Jon Hindmarsh
Steve Benford
Christian Heath
Introduction	133	(2)
Method	135	(2)
Analysis	137	(8)
Awareness and Co-ordination	137	(3)
Anticipation	140	(2)
Occlusion	142	(3)
Summary	145	(1)
Reflections	145	(5)
Scaleability	146	(1)
Reciprocity of Perspective	147	(2)
Unrealism	149	(1)
Conclusions	150	(1)
New Ideas on Navigation and View Control Inspired by Cultural Applications	151	(30)
Kai-Mikael Jaa-Aro
John Bowers
Introduction and Overview	151	(2)
Challenges for Interaction Design	152	(1)
Interactive Performances	153	(11)
Lightwork	155	(5)
Blink	160	(4)
Inhabited Television	164	(5)
Heaven and Hell -- Live	165	(1)
Out of This World	166	(3)
Production Management	169	(7)
Finding and Framing the Action	170	(2)
The Round Table: A Physical Interface	172	(3)
Conclusions	175	(1)
Discussion: Navigation, Presence and Avatars	176	(5)
Avatar-centred Navigation	176	(1)
Object-centred Navigation	177	(1)
Activity-oriented Navigation	178	(1)
Navigation as Montage, Dispersed Avatars	178	(1)
Accomplishing Presence and Intelligibility	179	(2)
Presenting Activity Information in an Inhabited Information Space	181	(28)
Wolfgang Prinz
Uta Pankoke-Babatz
Wolfgang Grather
Tom Gross
Sabine Kolvenbach
Leonie Schafer
Introduction	181	(1)
Related Work and Requirements	182	(2)
User Involvement and Studies	184	(4)
Partner Settings and Evaluation Methods	185	(1)
Do Users Meet at all in a Shared Workspace?	186	(2)
The Tower Architecture	188	(1)
Personalised Overview of Activities: The Tower Portal	189	(2)
Awareness in a Working Context: Smartmaps	191	(3)
Symbolic Actions in a Context-based 3D Environment	194	(4)
The Tower World	194	(2)
User Feedback	196	(2)
DocuDrama	198	(3)
Ambient Interfaces	201	(2)
Lessons Learned About Awareness	203	(4)
Awareness Is Something One Is Not Aware of	203	(1)
Synchronicity of Awareness	204	(1)
Walking and Talking Are Means to Achieve Awareness	205	(1)
Peripheral Awareness in Electronic Settings	205	(1)
Awareness Is Double-situated: The Workspace's and the Observer's Situation	206	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	207	(2)
Part 5. Construction	209	(60)
DIVE: A Programming Architecture for the Prototyping of IIS	211	(22)
Emmanuel Frecon
Introduction	211	(1)
The Virtual World as a Common Interaction Medium	212	(1)
Partial, Active Database Replication	213	(2)
Programming the System	215	(8)
The DIVE Programming Model	216	(1)
Programming Interfaces	216	(2)
Building your Application	218	(5)
DIVE as a Component-based Architecture	223	(3)
System Components	223	(1)
User-oriented Components	224	(1)
The DIVE Run-time Architecture	225	(1)
The London Demonstrator: An Example Application in More Detail	226	(5)
Centre of London	228	(1)
Collaboration Services for Use by Groups	229	(1)
Tourist Information Data Visualisation Service	229	(1)
Real-time Simulations	230	(1)
Conclusion and Future Work	231	(2)
Communication Infrastructures for Inhabited Information Spaces	233	(36)
David Roberts
Introduction	233	(7)
Requirements	234	(1)
Information	235	(1)
Avatars	236	(1)
Interaction	237	(1)
Communication Requirements	238	(2)
Resources: Computers and Networks	240	(1)
Principles	240	(16)
Localisation	241	(5)
Scaling	246	(5)
Persistence	251	(1)
Communication	252	(4)
Architecture	256	(7)
The DIVE Architecture	256	(4)
PING	260	(3)
Deployment	263	(3)
Point-to-point	264	(1)
Tunnelled Group	265	(1)
Hybrid	266	(1)
Conclusion	266	(3)
Part 6. Community	269	(38)
Peer-to-peer Networks and Communities	271	(20)
Mike Robinson
Introduction	271	(3)
Early Inhabited Information Spaces in CSCW	274	(4)
Rendering the Invisible Visible	274	(1)
ClearBoard	275	(1)
Feather, Scent and Shaker: Supporting Simple Intimacy	276	(1)
Gesture Cam: The Nodding Robot	277	(1)
P2P Themes and Overall Direction	278	(3)
Design for Community: Inhabited Information Spaces	281	(5)
Communities: An Aside on Definitions	281	(1)
Communities: An Aside on Use	282	(2)
Communities: An Aside on Philosophy	284	(2)
P2P, Community and the Design of Inhabited Information Spaces	286	(2)
Concluding Remarks	288	(3)
Inhabitant's Uses and Reactions to Usenet Social Accounting Data	291	(16)
Byron Burkhalter
Marc Smith
Introduction	291	(2)
Related Work	293	(1)
Netscan	294	(1)
Findings	295	(10)
Social Accounting Data and Author-assessment Threads	295	(6)
Social Accounting Data and Newsgroup-assessment Threads	301	(4)
Conclusion	305	(2)
References	307	(18)
Index	325