Innovation Was Not Enough: A History of the Midwestern Universities Research Association (Mura)

by Jones, Lawrence; Mills, Frederick; Sessler, Andrew; Symon, Keith; Young, Donald

• ISBN13: 9789812832832
• ISBN10: 9812832831
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-10-29
• Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Inc

Summary

This book presents a history of the Midwestern Universities Research Association (MURA) during its lifetime from the early 1950s to the late 1960s. MURA was responsible for a number of important contributions to the science of particle accelerators, including the invention of fixed field alternating gradient accelerators (FFAG), as well as contributions to accelerator orbit theory, radio frequency acceleration techniques, colliding beams technology, orbit instabilities, computation methods, and designs of accelerator magnets and linear accelerator cavities. A number of students were trained by MURA in accelerator techniques, and went on to important posts where they made further contributions to the field. The authors were all members of the MURA staff and themselves made many contributions to the field. No other such history exists, and there are relatively few publications devoted to the history of particle accelerators.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. vii
Author's Biographies	p. ix
Introduction	p. 1
Historical Background	p. 7
The Early History of Accelerators	p. 7
Accelerator Physics in the Midwest	p. 10
The Coming of Strong Focusing	p. 11
The Desire for a New Accelerator Laboratory in the Midwest	p. 12
The Early MURA Years, 1953-1956	p. 15
The Beginnings of MURA	p. 151
The Invention of FFAG	p. 20
MURA Studies	p. 26
Theory of Radio Frequency Acceleration	p. 34
Nonlinear Dynamics	p. 41
The Radial Sector Model	p. 46
The Spiral Sector Model	p. 52
MURA Computing	p. 59
Colliding Beams	p. 63
Collective Instabilities	p. 68
Conferences	p. 72
The Madison Years, 1956-1963	p. 83
Formation of the MURA Organization	p. 83
The Move to Madison	p. 84
Space Charge	p. 87
Injection and Extraction	p. 88
The 50 MeV Two-Way Model	p. 90
MURA Proposals	p. 95
The 1959 Workshop; Synchrotrons Catch Up	p. 99
The Directorship of Bernard Waldman	p. 101
The Panel and Their Recommendations	p. 106
MURA Responds	p. 117
The Last Years of MURA, 1963-1967	p. 119
The End of MURA	p. 119
The ZGS Tuneup and Improvement Program	p. 121
Linacs	p. 126
Magnet Development	p. 129
Cosmic Rays	p. 130
Bubble Chambers	p. 132
The Electron Storage Ring	p. 133
The Physical Sciences Laboratory; the Synchrotron Radiation Center	p. 134
Fermilab	p. 137
Cyclotrons and Nonscaling FFAGs Today and Tomorrow	p. 139
MURA's Last Gasp	p. 142
Consequences and Reflections	p. 145
Innovations	p. 146
Innovation Was Not Enough	p. 152
Personal Note	p. 156
Bibliography	p. 157
Appendices
Glossary	p. 171
MURA Reports	p. 183
MURA Archives	p. 225
MURA Personnel	p. 231
List of Illustrations with Acknowledgments	p. 239
The Ramsey Panel, Lyndon Johnson, and the End of MURA, as Seen in Washington	p. 243
Name Index	p. 249
Subject Index	p. 253
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