Inside the Music Industry Creativity, Process, and Business

by Fink, Michael

• ISBN13: 9780028707648
• ISBN10: 0028707648
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1996-05-22
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Inside the Music Industry: Creativity, Process, and Business examines every aspect of the music industry, exploring the ways the business has changed, from electronic media and digital recording technology, to changes in copyright law.

Table of Contents

Preface and Acknowledgments	xi
PART 1 Music in Recording and Entertainment
The Record Business: History and Musical Trends	3	(24)
Early Commercial Recordings	3	(3)
The Period of Radio Domination	6	(1)
Tin Pan Alley	7	(3)
Big Bands and Wartime Trends	10	(1)
Tape, the LP, and the 45-rpm Record	11	(1)
Television's Impact	12	(1)
Rock `n' Roll	13	(1)
Major Labels vs. Independents: The Shifting Market	13	(2)
Record Clubs and Stereo Sound	15	(1)
Folk Music	15	(1)
Rock During the 1960s	16	(2)
Nashville and Motown	18	(1)
New Technology and New Marketing Methods	18	(2)
Return of the Solo Singer	20	(1)
Trends in the 1970s	20	(1)
Newer, Higher Technology	21	(1)
Classical Recordings	22	(1)
The 1980s	23	(1)
The 1990s: Paving the Information Superhighway	23	(4)
Songs: Songwriting, Publishing, Copyright, and Performing Rights	27	(30)
The Recording Industry: A Brief Overview	27	(1)
Songwriting	28	(2)
Song Publishers in the Recording Industry	30	(1)
The Contract: The Songwriter-Publisher Link	31	(2)
The Copyright Law	33	(12)
Agencies and Subcontracting Organizations	45	(1)
Songs in Print	45	(1)
Collecting ``Mechanical'' Royalties	46	(1)
Performing-Rights Organizations: Background	47	(1)
ASCAP and BMI	48	(5)
SESAC	53	(4)
Records: Producing, Recording, Manufacturing, and Marketing	57	(24)
Record Producers	57	(1)
The Producer's Creative Work	58	(1)
The Producer's Business Dealings	59	(1)
Recording Studios	60	(2)
Making a Master Recording	62	(4)
Post-Production	66	(1)
Manufacturing CDs and Prerecorded Cassette Tapes	66	(2)
CD/Cassette Packaging	68	(1)
Marketing and Merchandising Recorded Audio Products	68	(2)
Promotion, Publicity, and Advertising	70	(3)
Distribution and Sales	73	(4)
Recording Industry Awards	77	(4)
The Recording Artist's World	81	(30)
Long-Term Associates	81	(9)
Short-Term Associates	90	(2)
The First Recording Contract	92	(1)
The ``Demo'' Recording	92	(1)
``Selling'' the Artist	93	(1)
The Recording Contract Itself	94	(2)
Royalty Provisions	96	(3)
Personal Appearances	99	(1)
Club Appearances	100	(1)
Concerts	101	(1)
Concert Promotion and Preparations	101	(3)
Touring	104	(1)
TV Appearances	105	(6)
PART 2 Music and Media
Radio: History and Musical Trends	111	(16)
First Steps	111	(3)
The First ``Golden Years''	114	(1)
The Great Depression	115	(1)
A ``Make-Believe Ballroom''	116	(1)
Classical Music and Opera	117	(1)
Broadcasters vs. ASCAP	118	(1)
The Musicians' Strike	119	(1)
The Rise of Music-and-News	120	(1)
The Impact of TV	121	(1)
Top 40 Radio	122	(1)
The Age of FM and Stereo	123	(4)
Music in Broadcasting: Radio and Video	127	(28)
Station Organization and Operations	127	(3)
Broadcast Formats	130	(7)
Research and Music Programming	137	(4)
Consultants and Programming Services	141	(1)
Syndication and Automation	142	(1)
Advertising Music	143	(5)
Music Video	148	(7)
Dramatic Music: Films and Television	155	(28)
Films: History and Musical Trends	156	(13)
Functions of Music in Films	169	(2)
The Process of Film Music	171	(3)
Recording Techniques	174	(3)
Television Scores	177	(1)
Business Aspects of Film Music	178	(5)
Music Criticism and Journalism	183	(14)
Music Criticism: Historical Perspective	183	(5)
Newspaper Criticism Today	188	(1)
Qualifications for Music Criticism	188	(1)
What a Music Critic Does	189	(1)
Survey of Music Periodicals	190	(7)
PART 3 Music in Business Settings
Business Music	197	(26)
Foundations of Background Music	198	(1)
Muzak and Its Philosophy	199	(1)
Environmental Music by Muzak's Exclusive Library of Recordings	199	(1)
Programming for Environmental Music by Muzak®	200	(1)
Research Studies	201	(5)
Other Background Music	206	(1)
Delivery Systems	206	(5)
Foreground Music	211	(4)
Ancillary Services via DBS	215	(3)
Music Licensing and Fees	218	(5)
The Retail Music Store	223	(18)
Business Operations	223	(3)
Merchandise and Merchandise Distribution	226	(2)
Types of Stores	228	(1)
Service and Education	229	(2)
Advertising and Promotion	231	(1)
The Impact of Imports	232	(1)
The Print Music Business	233	(2)
Trade Organizations	235	(6)
PART 4 Music in Theatrical and Concert Traditions
American Music Theater: History and Musical Trends	241	(40)
Types of Musical Theater	242	(1)
Birth of American Musical Theater	243	(1)
The Age of Operetta	244	(2)
Comedy and the Yankee Doodle Boy	246	(1)
Musical Theater in the Jazz Age	247	(2)
Show Boat	249	(2)
Sophistication and Social Commentary	251	(2)
The Golden Age: Rodgers and Hammerstein	253	(3)
Fantasies, Fair Ladies, and Fast Talk	256	(4)
Broadway Opera	260	(2)
``Little Shows'' and Off-Broadway	262	(1)
New Settings	263	(4)
Rock on the American Stage	267	(3)
Stephen Sondheim	270	(2)
New Composers and New Directions	272	(2)
The European Connection	274	(7)
Musical Shows: Creation, Production, Business	281	(14)
Creative Elements of a Musical Show	281	(4)
Getting Started	285	(1)
Finding a Producer and Backers	285	(1)
The Creative Staff	286	(2)
Rehearsals and Tryouts	288	(1)
The ``Run'' and Follow-Up Productions	288	(1)
Business Aspects of Theatrical Production	289	(1)
Subsidiary Rights	290	(5)
American Concert Life and Opera: History and Musical Trends	295	(30)
The Beginnings	295	(1)
The Moravians	296	(1)
Revolutionary Times	296	(3)
Opera in the New World	299	(1)
Grand Opera Debuts in New York	299	(1)
Growth in the Mid-Nineteenth Century: New York	300	(1)
Opera at Midcentury	301	(1)
Early Virtuosos	301	(2)
Toward the Turn of the Century	303	(3)
From 1900 to 1920	306	(4)
Between the World Wars	310	(5)
The 1940s and 1950s	315	(3)
From the 1960s to the Present	318	(7)
Arts Management: Symphony Orchestras and Opera Companies	325	(22)
The American Symphony Orchestra League	325	(1)
Orchestra Classifications	326	(3)
Orchestras: Artistic Activities	329	(1)
Orchestral Repertoire and Programming Considerations	330	(2)
Opera in the United States	332	(1)
Opera Repertoire	333	(1)
Management in the Musical Arts	334	(3)
Funding	337	(4)
The Conductor's World	341	(2)
The Solo Artist's World	343	(4)
Further Reading	347	(6)
Glossary	353	(10)
Index	363